 A very warm welcome to all of you once again to my channel Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls degree college, University of Allahabad and the topic of today's discussion is Stanford-Binay scale. And this lecture will be bilingual and useful for certain teaching examinations and do subscribe my channel if you like the content and the delivery and you found worthy to you. Okay, so let's start. First of all, a quick recap. We are talking about intellect, we are talking about the concept of intellect, we are talking about its theories and now we are talking about the measurement of intelligence. We have talked about the Binay-Simon test and the Binay-Simon scale and today our turn is the tool of the second most important intelligence, the tool of measurement of intelligence, which is Stanford-Binay scale. Okay, so we have known so much that Binay-Simon was made in 1905, then Binay-Simon scale had three revisions in 1905, 1908 and 1911. After that, while adapting the test, Louis Turman made his scale, which he named Stanford-Binay scale and he didn't put his name in it, but he used the name Stanford University. And it was your adaptation, so you didn't use your own name, so you can be confused which test is Binay or not. It's not Binay, it's Turman. Okay, so we have started again. Stanford-Binay-Intelligence scale is the American adaptation of the original French Binay-Simon intelligence test. We should know that Binay-Simon was from France and French. So, the French test was made by Turman, who was in the US. It was first introduced in 1916 by Louis Turman, a psychologist at Stanford University. Okay, that's all. So, we should remember that when did it come? It came in 1916. Then, in 1916, Louis Turman wrote a book called The Measurement of Intelligence and Explanation of and a Complete Guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binay-Simon intelligence scale. He wrote the whole thing in its title and in that, he is talking about his scale. Then, look at this scale. If we are asked in the objective, then how will we get such a question? When did the first version come? How many versions have come? Which version is coming at this time? So, it came in 1916, then it came in 1937, then it came in 1960, then it came in 1973, then it came in 1986, then it came in 2003. Okay, so, the revision edition has come in five. I mean, it came in 1916 originally. The first revision edition was 1, 1937, 2nd edition was 1960, 3rd edition was 1973, 4th edition was 1986, and 5th edition was 2000. That is, it came in five till now and the latest version came in 2003. And that's what's going on. Okay, so, it came in ten years from two years of age administration. And what happens in this? Well, one more thing to remember is that when Binay-Simon's test was being scored, then it was the term of IQ that he didn't use the term. And the IQ of the term was also used in his Stanford-Bineh, the concept of IQ. IQ is equal to mental age upon chronological age in 200. Everybody must know this. Okay, a concept first suggested by a German cyclologist, William Stern. Look, Binay-Simon is from France, the term is from America, and the term is from Germany. So, this can also be confusing. So, keep this in mind. And this is definitely the term of IQ. The term has adopted it. He didn't give it. Okay, so this is not a confusing thing. So, everyone should be clear. Okay, then let's read. How did we get this scale to evolve? Was it in 1916? And how did the journey from there to 2003 be decided? So, working with Maude Merrill, first his a student and later a fellow professor, and research collaborator at Stanford University, termed and created two parallel forms of the Stanford-Bineh. What's going on? In 1916, he got a fellow professor, who was his student, Merrill Saab. What are they doing? They are revising him. Revising him, they are making two parallel forms. How are they making it? They had provided two scales instead of one. Now, they are providing two scales. At one place, have extended them, so as to afford a more adequate sampling of abilities, so that we can get more diverse yogis, we can take samples on their upper and lower level, and what are the names of these forms? L and M. So, it's obvious that L is in the name of Louis Sturman, and M is in the name of Merrill Saab. So, on his name, they are making two parallel forms, L and M. Sorry, not Stanford. Then, in 1950, what's going on? Merrill Saab is taking a little lead in revising him, and these two forms are becoming combined in 1937, form L and M. And this form is being published in 1960. So, after 1916, when the first revision is coming in 1937, two forms are becoming L and M, and in 1960, they are being combined in one L and M. Okay, it's coming again in 1986. What's happening in 1986? This is the fourth edition of Stanford Bene Intelligence Scale. This is a move from the age-scale format, which they know as the concept of mental age. They told us the age-grade norm. So, these age-scale formats are coming in the point-scale format in 1986. The adaptation of Mr. Termin Saab is going on. Besides the new and expanded tests, the fourth edition provided several factors. Meaning, more tests are being combined, items are being combined, and it's been working on this for so many years. It's just that we have to revise it, and as time goes by, we have to make it more accurate. So, what other factors are they providing? Verbal reasoning, abstract, or visual reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and short-term memory. In addition to IQ, we are getting IQ, because we are giving IQ from the original test, Stanford Bene. Along with that, we are getting data on verbal reasoning, abstract, visual reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and short-term memory. Okay, although the prior versions had items that related to these four areas, it wasn't like there were no questions in the previous versions. But, the published test had never offered scores for these vectors. But, we weren't getting a single score on the previous versions. Meaning, we weren't getting a single score on IQ. But, we are getting scores on these in the fourth edition. And the fourth edition also formalized in practice of multi-stage testing, in which performance on the vocab scales determines the starting point for subsequent tests. Meaning, we are getting multi-stage testing. Meaning, first, we have to pass the vocab test to everyone. And then, we will go to the next test, multi-stage. First, the vocab, then the next stages will be covered. So, as the test is being revised, it is taking it towards the new and old. It is going to be made. Okay, and the most recent and the most updated version which has been released in 2003, which is its fifth edition, what is its name? SB5, Stanford Bene 5. Okay, so what is it doing? Attempts to carry on the tradition of the prior edition while taking advantage of current research in measurement and cognitive abilities. See, this adaptation of Simon Bene 5 is so old-fashioned. But, in 2003, how many things did we get to know in intelligence? Psychometrics has evolved so much, so many statistics have come new. So, we are taking that too. Meaning, we have taken the concept as a base. We have also taken new research. So, we are getting an advantage in this. Okay, so the fifth edition re-introduces the age-scale format for the body of the test. Meaning, we came from the age-scale to the point-scale in 1986 and we are going to the age-scale again in 2003. Re-introduces, presenting a variety of items at each level of the test. And we are getting a variety of items on every level of the test. Then, what is happening? This Stanford Bene scale fifth edition is intended for examinees between the ages of two and eighty-five years old. Meaning, it is showing this variation for two to fifty-five years. And it is written in Roy 2003. The SB5 test is divided into two domains. It is mainly divided into two IAMs, which are verbal domain and non-verbal domain. Earlier, the versions were also limited to verbally loaded. Meaning, there are a lot of questions. These are all language. Not non-verbal. So, what are all the language questions? Culture laden. So, what do we have to do? We have to make it culturally free so that we can use it in every culture. That is why the non-verbal domain is also here. And the test measures five CHC factors. And this test, the SB5 that came in 2003, the latest, the fifth version of it, is not even five CHC factors. What is this CHC? Cattle, Hauden, Cattle theory. What is this CHC? What? Fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence. Quantitative knowledge. Visual processing and short-term memory. So many things are not going on in SB5. Sorry, I got a little late today. Therefore, the SB5 consists of 10 subtests in total that yield composite scores of a verbal IQ, a non-verbal IQ and a full-scale IQ. Meaning, we have explained that the SB5 is getting results in 10 subtests. And we are getting a verbal IQ because the verbal B test is going on here. There are verbal questions. Then there are non-verbal items here. So, we are getting a non-verbal IQ and we are getting a full-scale IQ. Meaning, we are not getting just one IQ single score. Okay, what else? The SB5 incorporates many insights implicitly designed into the early editions of the measure as implemented by Binay, Simon, Terman and Merrill, but presents them in a way that provides vast practical improvements in the areas of content coverage and psychometric characteristics. This is what he is saying. There is also an old insight in this and the new discoveries that have happened are also a submission. In this way, the revolutionary work of the earlier authors has shaped the more recent enhancements and advancement of the test under thondite, settler and most recently, roid. Meaning, the revolutionary work of the earlier authors is the one that is made from the root of it. But as the advancement and enhancement is going on, in psychometrics, psychology, and in the theory of intelligence, it is also shaping it. So, the standard Binay is the most popular test in intelligence and in America, it is most popular. I mean, there is no more test popular than this. Okay, to ensure external validity. And this is very good. Its validity is also there. It also has predictive validity. If it is applied to a student and it shows a good IQ, it means that it can be predicted that in future it will achieve something good in life. So, to ensure external validity and test fairness, the items were evaluated across genders and among members from various cultural, linguistic, racial, ethnic and religious groups. Meaning, it has a lot of norms and it has a lot of validity and reliability checks and it has a lot of good results. So, the standard Binay is a very popular test of intelligence, or measurement of intelligence. This is a very good tool. Okay. Okay, let's take a quick review on how it came from 1916 to 2003. So, it is an addition. This is from 1916 to 770 to 680 in 2003. Then, this is its structure. And this ability is measured. It has moved a little to paste this cut. So, look at the structure. What is in 1916? It is a parallel vocab test and it is talking about a single age scale. And what is its name? It is G, General Intelligence. In 1937, it is talking about L and M. So, it is a form L vocab test. It is a parallel age scale and it is also being measured here. G. In 1970, it is a vocab test and it is a single age scale and it is also a G scale. It is called G. But in 1986, it is a vocab routing test and it is a sub-test point scale. And here, it is measuring many things. For example, general intelligence, verbal reasoning, abstract, visual, quantitative and short-term memory. And sorry, sorry. And in 2003, it became a hybrid structure. Why? Because it is also verbal and non-verbal. That is why it is hybrid. Verbal routing test, non-verbal routing test, verbal and non-verbal age scales. Because here, it was in point in 1986 and it is going back to age scale in 2003. And here, many things are going on. For example, general intelligence, knowledge, fluid reasoning, quantitative reasoning, visual, spatial processing, working memory, non-verbal IQ and verbal IQ. Okay. So, from this picture, from the graph, from the representation, we can recap one quick thing about how, how and in what addition it was. Its structure and what kind of ability it was measuring. Okay. There are so many things to know. Because generally, you all know that okay, Benesai was made, then Stanford was made. And there are a lot. So, here, we don't keep the words in our minds and we don't see what the words are. Because it is not even given in books. Okay. So, this is an article. There are a lot of details in it. I have given a lot of things out of it. And I didn't drink a lot because it was very long. So, what I want to know more about it, definitely read this article. It will be fruitful. It is written in Baker's A203, which is the latest version of it. History of the Stanford-Bene intelligence case, content and psychometrics. It is very long. So, you can read it. So, before saying thank you, Benesai was completed. Stanford-Bene was also completed. We will remember about Stanford-Bene, that in 1911, Benesai was finished with Benesai. And from there, later, Mr. Termin is adapting to Benesai. And he is publishing it in 1916. And after that, in 1937, then in 1907, in 1973, and then in 1986, he was in fifth grade. This is the fifth version of it. It is the latest version of it. It is in second grade. It is the fifth version of it. And you can ask questions about it. If you have read it, then you will answer it. Okay? So, now I say thank you. And don't forget to like and subscribe my channel. Enjoy my day. I am Ruktu. Okay? Done from me.