 Welcome everybody. We're going to wait for everyone to come into the room, and we will be starting in just a few minutes. Thank you so much for attending today's webinar. My name is Brittany Van Dwarf, and I'm the Outreach and Communication Specialist for New Mexico EPSCORE, which is the established program to simulate competitive research. It's a nationwide program funded by the National Science Foundation. I will be your host today along with Isis Serna, our website administrator, who will be working behind the scenes to make it all so smoothly. A few housekeeping items before we begin. I want to let you know that if you have questions at any point, just type them into the Q&A box and Isis will interrupt Dr. Nadimi and read them out loud. I also want to let you know about the last webinar in our spring webinar series, which is on May 26. It's Opal RT for Beginners, led by New Mexico Smart Grid Center graduate students and research assistant, Rusty Nail. He's working with Oga Lavrova down at NMSU. Registration info can be found in this month's newsletter and on our website. Okay, I'd like to introduce our presenter for the day, which we are super excited about. It's Dr. Hamid Nadimi, who joined the New Mexico Smart Grid Center team working at NMSU last year. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering and power electronics in 2014, and has experience in the private sector as a senior research scientist at AVB. He was more recently in the academic sector as a research scientist at RPI and where he led industry-sponsored projects focusing on renewable energy resources, autonomous digital power grids, and transportation electrification. Dr. Nadimi's research and teaching interests include power electronics applications in micro grids, electric vehicle charging stations, motor drives, and advanced control methods. Dr. Nadimi, thank you for being with us today. We are so jazzed. Take it away. Yeah, thanks a lot, Brittany, for your kind introduction and also I have to appreciate and to be thankful to New Mexico Smart Grid Center for inviting me first. And they're giving this opportunity to share my thought about what I have learned in industry and in academia for now a few years. I'm going to share my slide with you and then also I turn off my video and then later I'll back. Can you see my slide now? Yes. So hello everyone. As you know that the title is kind of development or control development and also the interoperability challenges and open gaps in a new energy systems and also not only the new energy from the power grid side from the electrified transportation and the interoperability systems as well. So the key topics I focus is to just explain to you the open gaps and challenges related to the both transportation and also the energy and power and energy area based on my a few experienced happened in like your VIM systems, PV, electric vehicle charging station and so on, and then try to outline the what I would see in the future in terms of the research framework and approach, and then includes that includes also the how do we teach to be as part of as an educator in academia or what would be the key mission of the universities and educational institutes to work for development for example to address those kind of challenges with respect to the future engineers or technologies. And then I share some of my research work to address some of those challenges, obviously laboratory work and experimental work, and also some sample research projects to get some flavor of what I was trying to explain to you in the first two bullets, and then the future ambitions with respect to the boss research and also the course curriculums, what would be the, what are the skills in demand from the industry point of view for the future workforces which are obviously our students and also from the other side, what are the key intention or what would be the goal for the people in academia to integrate those kind of challenges or research challenges into the course curriculums and so on. So, I'm sure most of you have heard the name of a smart grades concept. Now is the technology, basically the integration of two electrical and infrastructure and information infrastructures. Similarly, we call it a smart grade systems right so when when it comes to the smart grade control system usually we need to have the good observability and awareness about the, the dynamics control or the energy resources could be different types of energies, showing completely different characteristics, like wind, PV, battery energy storage fuel cell flywheel, and also how we can integrate those new distributed energy resources to the what are what we have as an existing and available electrical infrastructures and utility grades as well. Having said that, there are a couple of key revolutionary items. The first of all, it seems that we are transitioning and moving towards a sustainable electronic energy network. Yeah, that's the sustainable electronic energy networks, and then later on I would explain to you what I mean by electronic energy network so obviously the macro grid or smart grid systems differ from the traditional grades, mostly because the the proxy providing the proximity between the power generation, and also the consumers or the power use components, the smart network, the smart term of the smart grid systems, mainly refers to the to have a smart network we need the wireless communication network, why the reason is that for energy management and also the load side demand estimation, which is quite interesting and and record to achieve this bi directional powered flu. As part of the integration of a lot of distributed energy systems DR the same for the transportation systems, we are moving from the inner functionality to the interactions interactions, it's mostly by directional power and energy flow and interaction between the different systems, and therefore we need to have the communication, and then energy management how to, as I said that get good observability among the multiple resources for the large scale system, even it's more complicated and also the autonomous operation, which includes also the advance automation systems, because it seems that the control is kind of enabling technologies, but here I'm focused on the more interactions between the power electronics as enabling technology and the control domain advanced control systems to tackle some of the existing open gaps in this tree, and also obviously that's the the way university should collaborate and they get partnership with the industry private sector power industries to tackle to address those solutions. So therefore, as you will see for example in this picture from the generation side, we more and more rely on the power electronics right, the tremendous number of huge number of power electronic converters should be provided the renewable resources that's kind of grid forming technologies, and then from the load side or demands response, the more electricity produced by power electronic is supplied or consumed by electronic sources so it's all about electronics that's why we call it integration or integrated a grid as well. So this kind of new features characterize the different the design, the different the research works to be done compared to what has been used for example in even in last decade or last two decades. So, as I said that how we can manage the whole grid with the huge number of power electronics converters because, unlike the existing or traditional power systems, which are heavily rely on high inertial component like electric machines, in particular synchronous generators, now the power electronics based enabling the future grid. So, that would be and also there would be the huge number of heterogeneous and also non synchronous players. So, you see, in this picture, for example, the, the, at least the industry, or we based on the last decade experience in the field, we learned that the response for example from the wind farms, regardless whether that's land based wind, a plant or offshore wind, the solar systems, they all have some different characteristics, either the steady estate and also in particular the transient response. And then the root cause analysis report for a couple of incident happened different continuum different area of the, the world in last five six years. These I have experienced the wind farm the solar power outage that happened for those wind and also the largest solar systems was something related to the control protection and then leading to the unstable situation. So for this future systems, how does the this trend or this integration challenge is going on with the really high pace can can challenge the stability analysis and then what would be the tools we need to develop to analyze and assess the stability margin as limits for the whole system from the each, like the local stability for each single of these distributed energy resources and then when you integrate as a whole and then we call it the system, what the leverage or tool we need to develop to precisely preserve the stability margins to avoid the whole system pushing towards the instability, and then the requirement for that one the requirement means that the requirement for solar is completely different from the wind. So the standardization in general is is one of the key point and that's why we need to move forward from the sub component or equipment design towards the more system problem because this is the more system problem system engineering and not even the system engineering the system integration challenges. So the good solutions, therefore, demand for the whole system thinking so it means that we need to design the system hands in hand with the equipment or component designs. So for the power electronics, usually so before that the reasonable research framework on approach and also the teaching style also is that definitely the electrical energy faces the huge challenges but for us to be in academia is there are a big opportunities actually so to do the more and more RNDs. What is so called the exponential technologies are actually in campuses that the PV systems for example the wind, the batteries, the information technologies, the communications and then the power electronics storage devices and analytics. So today, I'm more rely on the power electronics rule and then the energy storage and then how we can take advantage of data analytics, artificial intelligence techniques because we need those kind of solutions this system as a system is kind of multidisciplinary with the huge interactions. So it's not just one single or two domains that's the interdisciplinary challenge and then we have seen the some negative impact or disruptive impact would be from the old from the operations planning regulatory agencies and then the stability resiliency and then the cost right if we if all the countries and states set the target to achieve, for example, this amount of green energy, the produce power from the renewable generation by 2030 2035 or 100 based renewable energy systems by 2040 or 2050. Therefore, we need to also to be the technologies itself should be more comparable with the existing one, we have to compete the fuel or coal find power generation in terms of cost for example or the size volume. I would also have more emphasis here on the stability. For example, and also the operation disruptions aspect by by this huge integration of the new distributed energy resources. So, so far we have made really good advancement or progress in manufacturing. For power electronics, wide bang gap semiconductor power electronics, we have made tremendous progress. The 3D manufacturing's additive manufacturing's are helping this these capabilities are helping to achieve our goal. In terms of the control automation, and also the integration theories, there are lags. So, at both control system design and also the how to integrate those kind of systems showing it completely different characteristics from the system point of view. For example, the graph or the picture you will see on the right side, that's the real time measurement based on the wind land based wind farms in a state of the state of Oklahoma. So, in, I believe in 2015, there was a power outage huge power outage in the base for the Oklahoma wind farm. And mainly it was the you see, during the incident. This is just the one time period or time interval for a couple of seconds for the data of the voltages and then you will see the red graph shows the what the SK DAW the existing SK DAW system supervisory control data acquisition system in that wind farm detected and then you will see the, for example, based on the phaser measurement unit, a central phasers for example, when we plot it afterwards and then capture to overlap this SK DAW measurement and data acquisition system with the phaser measurement unit showing by by the blue graph or curve, then you will see how bad the existing data acquisition system could could detect the magnitude for example of the disruptions or changes could be the frequency harmonies could be the disruption or disturbances on the like voltages and so on. And then because of this, the protection system, for example, detected the some over voltage under voltage over frequency or under frequency in this wind farm and then try to shut down the entire power production. This is the real challenge, because the wind farm wind turbine usually arrange in the cluster of several cluster of wind turbine, like five six wind clusters and each cluster includes the 1020 individual wind turbine. Then the wind shows the very fast reactions, because the fast reactions or dynamics in it could be because that's the periodic renewable energies right and then, especially for the larger scale wind, the emerging oscillations, either it could be in the form of harmonics or in the form of what we call resonance harmonics. And then in terms of the operational risk, obviously, the wind turbine shows almost zero in your show. And then when you compare with the traditional synchronous generator that that's really significant and then we have a need to have the coordinated disconnections, to be also in line with that time scale we are talking about, and then to detect those oscillations or harmonics, for example, to avoid the power outage. So these are the key challenges. Another example, for example, if I tell you for the large scale solar power plants in August 2016 in Southern California, there was, as a result of fault, there was a 1200 megawatt power outage. That's a significant power outage. The initial reason was because of the ground fault over voltages happen due to the faults, right. And then the, the, in the beginning, the thought was the protection system wrongly perceived the under frequency conditions for this solar systems, and then resulting the some impose some disturbances distortions into the voltage waveform and then caused by by for example fault transient and then the protection system shut down the 1200 megawatts. However, for this, and afterwards the almost it took 10 months or almost one year the root cause analysis report released and then you can later look at the reference I put at the bottom of this slide in June 2017. First of all, the PV manufacturers deployed in that plant where programmed to seize the output only because of the under frequency, if the frequency goes down below 57 hertz right, however, when the, the western electricity coordinating council, when the WECC released the root cause analysis, they discovered that the no the frequency drop to just 59.86 hertz for this event. So, you know, that that's because of the, the, in 2015 16 for the PV manufacturers the design for the control for the protection system was based on the, on a smaller scale or based on the what is so called the traditional positive negative zero sequence and the, the component to be incorporated into the protection scheme the design protection scheme for the inverters and later on afterwards. Like I said, like New York, California, Hawaii, and some other countries also it is the same thing happened for example in Australia with the same root cause analysis, and then there was a huge R&D budget to do the more R&Ds. Two years ago, two and a half years ago, one of the widely used IEEE standards 1547 received a huge or major revision to just include these kind of recommendations or guidelines for PV manufacturers. So we are learning a steel, but still the standardization is one of the key challenges obviously requires a lot of R&D before providing any recommendations. So the reason is that for these renewable energy systems due to the fast dynamics and the response, it's very hard to estimate the frequency by just measuring the voltage and currents, because as I said that what happened in the, the incident happened in the wind in Oklahoma was basically lack of or poor data acquisition system based on the skater technology deployed in that plant. So that's still the challenge, the estimation of the frequency changes is still challenge and later you will see those challenges, especially for the transients usually introduce or impose some harmonics and then transfer or transform in the sense of the resonances and then to keep track of these large bandwidths of the harmonic spectrum for the control system that that's really challenged. That's why we need to take lots of measurements. Therefore, the measurement device or requirements should be more capable and also how to process so fast those measurements to send the appropriate signal to the control and protection system monitoring system for example. So another actually a good thing drives the industry and academia in particular in the last few years to go more and more on real time model development real time testing before even developing the prototype lab escape and then do the more detail analysis is that there was a meeting between the regulators utilities agencies with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, nearly three years ago in April 2018. And then it was the highlights on the news that they really demand a strongly need for real time models to better manage the distributed energy resources because as I said that due to those incident. The first thing happened is that to not have the good visibility or awareness for the system and also for the operators about the what's down on each the situation at the age side of each distributed energy resources and then to get the dynamics of the system. Therefore, we need to have the real time data or real time information to do the proper action accordingly within the short or very fast time we have to avoid power disruption or to avoid or preventing cascading connection of the failures or so that that's good thing for us to do the more and more aren't these and then the for engineering students because it seems that there is a huge demand for the industry sector private sector to to recruit the future work forces, those who already gain this kind of information at least into some level to be able to deal with to analyze to simulate to model to understand and comprehend the new energy and transportation systems so the after all so the it is turned out that the learning should be actually based on the real time test based development so this has been the new nor for a few years for education sector as well to fulfill the industry expectations of the new engineers and also the technologies so the technologies I would emphasize that because even for the future work forces, they of course they should have the technical knowledge about the domain, but how to make a best use of those technical knowledge with respect to the emerging technologies and then the management skill it is another challenge for the future work forces to get to know the management skills in addition to the just the technical the content of the each domain if it's a power it's information technology data analytics or some other communication or some other domains so for example, what I have seen personally when I was working in upstate New York, for example, the NYPON New York power authority. I think two years ago, three years ago they established what is so called the agile system, the New York advanced grid innovation lab for energy and then you will see they put a lot of real time simulators from the RTDS from the Opal RT from the Typhoon or larger scale, a small scale real time simulators to be able to simulate the mainly the transient operations of the the new energy and transportation systems in a real time manner means that very close to their physical counterpart as much as we can and then in this way we can generate much more data sets the measurements and then we can develop some like control algorithm based on the real time measurement and then by incorporating the the field measurements and learning then at least we can achieve the some optimal solutions in wide variety aspects in different domains to achieve the smart grid system to work in reliable and to achieve the resiliency as well. And so that that's already been deployed in the state, federal and also the private sectors so universities also is getting used or getting used to deployed more and more these real time simulators in the research and also it could be incorporated easily into the the lab courses lab component and also the course curriculums because these are the the first step for the students to first understand the different systems, different aspects of the systems in terms of the analysis synthesis and then the validation domains so what I hear outline is that we are the requirement, we have two requirements from the most left and right side one is the modernization and then how we can incorporate those new technologies into the existing assets infrastructure we have electrical infrastructure and utility creates right and then the other thing is that we have to reimagine the future of the those fast moving technologies as I explained power electronics is one of them communication IT analytics storage technologies and then the good thing is that in collaboration with industry universities and industries they know now the open challenges and the existing gas so therefore we need to even develop some tools some models to be able to update and with the facility capability to reuse them for multiple applications and then for each specific systems we need to have the design basis obviously so to prove that one we need to look at the performance as a whole system and then the reliability of the service that state the key items should be taken into account when we are in the design phase processes and the implementation and then we need to move forward with the real time simulation and implementation to get better understanding about the for example the controller when the controller controller integrated into the real time model to perform how these dynamics can change and then what the controller can respond appropriately and then that's the closed loop system then the the testing of technical solution should actually refine and update our design basis, the tools and the models and then in this way we can achieve the best for example PV model to be able to test the PV to simulate the PV system in a steady in large scale, a smaller scale in grid forming, grid following operating points and so on so based on what I explained when I was working at ABB in Europe in 2018 in summer ABB announced the one of the fast EV charges called the Terra 53 CJ, it was mainly designed for operating like 350 kilowatt to be sufficient for the distance driving distance of 125 miles range and then the charging time should be just eight minutes right and then this technology or charging station intended to be used in the highway, rest stop or petrol station something like that and also for as you will see not only for the medium or light weight vehicles for the heavy duty vehicles also for transit buses for example could be operating so I use those kind of the requirement and then try to develop the power converter based on my own idea different from what's the commercial is available for the fast charging station with that requirement and then try to establish the common DC bus as you will see the common DC bus can feed the EV batteries can charge it and then the battery energy storage could help what is so called the vehicle to grid technologies to help the utility grid in terms of the voltage support functionality as well and then the solar as well so that's kind of bi-directional the power system. One of the early design of many actually technology suppliers for the fast charging station was that if you look into the the capacitor banks at the common DC bus the capacity obviously there is there are some fluctuation on the capacitor banks and then those fluctuations can integrate with the the switching phenomena of the power electronics and then it forms some of those fluctuation in the form of the disturbances and harmonies and then what have observed in that time was to see easily the batteries for the EVs are getting heated and then obviously the negative consequences to reduce or undermine the lifetime of the battery for the EVs at the best case and then how we can also I did some tests based on the so here I use the advanced two layers control system based on the predictive control systems to damp those kind of harmonics from the DC link side and also how to optimally share the power among the, for example, the take advantage of the power produced by the solar or to achieve the vehicle to grid functionality or technologies to support the utility voltage utility grid. So that here you will see for example the details blocks for the predictive controller to first damp those harmonics to detect the harmonics are severe in terms of the pushing towards the unstable margin for the charging station system and also how to optimally share the power among the different sources. So, I did also using the some real time and controller hardware in the loop to evaluate the fast reaction and effective validations of the theory based on the Opel RT simulator as you will see one was the commercial as controller the design controller to to be able to benchmark with what's already available in the commercialized controller for the EV batteries for example, and then you will see that this is the real time simulations. You know that for the charging stations, usually we have the constant current charging and then here at the point like 0.8 seconds, there was a request from the utility emulated to to to support the voltage from the utility side and then the battery energy storage helps the EV charging to reduce the current and then we move towards the pulse discharging mode and then the current, which is the blue measurement current actually follows the reference current and then the current from 88 amps the nominal charging the constant charging amps for the battery went down to like 20% and then now is like 68 amps and then the battery energy storage discharged to lower the AC grid current to help and support the voltage to avoid unstable situation, for example, during some sometimes we have seen in the during the design phases and then the prototyping of that fast charging stations for example, this was just the one example from ABB but many fast charging or charging station manufacturers or companies have seen the same oscillations and then the interactions between the DC link with the connected EV batteries and also if we form it as a mockery, therefore the solar inverter and also the battery energy storage system also could challenge those push those stability margins towards the the the severe situations and then the next project I did in the New York State was there was a request from the many utilities in terms of the PV systems for example if the PV inverter placed in long distance from the utility side and then the utility, yeah let me show this utility circuit, that's the actual circuit I got from the national grid upstate New York and then they were interested to do some more and is if the PV for example in the level of one megawatt placed seven miles away from the utility circuit breaker and then they have seen that the unsynchronized opening or closing of the utility circuit breaker while the PV plant or PV system are still in the unintentional islanding and then it could cause severe damage to the power electronics device, either the loads or the utility equipment and then reach to the power shutdown because they realize that maybe the spikes in particular under the voltage wave forms after unsynchronized the closing of the utility circuit breaker could put the whole system in the unstable situation so then we modeled this system simplified obviously the utility distribution grids and then just test the two commercialized PV inverter you will see on the top one was the 500 kilowatt another one one megawatt and then did the testing with the controller developed here and then the commercialized controller to see for example if you can see at the bottom two wave forms on the right the most left side you will see in the some certain area here we have here you see there was for five cycles I believe the utility circuit breaker the green block you will see is open and then reclose in a with the face shift with the asynchronous manner and then you will see on the most right side the PV inverter and also the utility voltage got huge spike the current spikes are expected to be manageable for utilities but anyway the huge spikes on the PV inverter side and the utility voltage especially if you are in the long distance from the utility towards the end of the distribution system the stability concern are quite serious so this shows that the utilities are unable actually to manage the injections of the large scale PV generations to avoid deteriorating the voltage profile and then it comes to the how we can communicate and send the trip signal or open or close the utility breaker and communicate with the PV inverter or PV farms what would be the the technologies should be the communication based on the fiber optics obviously shows a huge interest but the cost is another challenge so utilities are still looking for some other the communication protocols to to send the common signals for example when this this situation happens and then avoid damaging the physical damage of the PV inverters you know that the PV inverters there are some capacitor binds the capacitor binds can easily be exploded if there would be the huge voltage sparks for example so these are the key challenge especially when it comes to huge integration of the power from the large scale winds so and then for the for example the electric vehicle I put just the I think last month or two months ago the US Department of Transportation just ranked all the 50 states 5051 states of the US in terms of the leading or enabling or how they the efforts eases the the integration of the EV electric vehicles usage the California for example was on the top right but even the there was one report last two I think two years ago three years ago that they just studied the charging stations demands in just in the city of the LA, they just claim that uncontrolled EV charging stations may push the overall system, the southern power grid system to achieve in the level of beyond the grid capacity in southern California so the current trend shows that by 2030 that was the conclusion of that assessment report by 2030 in the LA an energy load for just electric vehicle charging station exceeding I believe it was less than 20% like 18% 17% of the entire generation capacity so we are encouraging to achieve to use more and more EV but obviously we need the more charging stations and then from the grid or again from the system perspective that's also huge that's the good thing but there are also some some challenges so I have also developed some by the additional power electronics converter for the fast charging stations to achieve the for example in the range of the battery voltage in the range of 270 up to 430 the charging current average maximum 24 amps so that that's the requirement based on the and the power in terms of kilowatt was just 6.6 kilowatt and the data are just obtained by public information from the general motors and then try to use different types of the semiconductor devices if we need to go move forward with the high frequency then the white bank of semiconductors should be used and then achieve the battery charging curves for example what it would be expected at least for the large scale fast charging developments and then based on the what I just explained to you earlier for that the experience of heating up the EV batteries for one of the fast charging stations developed a few years ago by the one of the manufacturers then I did a little bit research in terms of the how we can get best control the DC link for for the output of the the EV battery power converters and then to do more research for example what would be the the consequence of the oscillations from the DC link to the to achieve to the to the AC current as well so the some oscillations could also transfer if that's the bidirectional which is expected to be in the future the oscillations could move forward towards the utility utility grid and then the AC current also can get some some oscillations you will see on the top the blue is just the oscillations happening for example phase a from the utility AC current and then we need some stability tools or theory or control design can help us to to for example activate the stability loop when the system just reaches towards the unstable region region and then we can for example at the bottom you see with the stability loop activation we can damp those oscillations and then try to keep the for example AC current from the utility grid oscillations at least or variations within the quite sinusoidal way for as it is intended and then you will see vice versa by interactions from the EV battery from the solar at the other side of the microgrid system towards the charging stations then the DC voltage you will see it's just exponentially increased and then we need some stable or stability schemes to be able to damp and smooth up those kind of oscillations to the certain level to avoid the honest instability and then for the solar wind charging stations as I said that the control advanced control solutions are quite demanding and effective for example we have some leverages to do some advanced control developments to damp those oscillations without placing an expensive or spacious filters in particular the passive filters to damp the harmonics and then we can also use the learning based supervisory control algorithms taking advantage of the machine learnings because those kind of machine learnings or data analytics technologies helps to measure a lot of a lot of data measurements and then to send the common signals quite rapidly and then for the advanced control systems definitely when it comes to the implementation the computational burden is the huge thing and then this study I did shows that using the machine learning based controller solutions can also achieve the computational burden within the requirements and then you can send the common signal to the section they intended or the section of interest to get that common so fast so and then even for the motor drive application which obviously that's the power electronics we are moving to the integration of the the drive technologies for example that's the one of the rockwell automation and then towards the electric motors for example for the easy power trains and then you will see for example this is the real picture from the Zeeman 60 kilowatt electric vehicle traction drive and then when you open the cover the section enclosed by the red circle shows the the exposing drive electronics so the even the electric motor and electronics and the control systems are are trying to to be integrated more and more and then the compact design as I said that the manufacturing 3D manufacturing additive manufacturing should help the power electronics the area to achieve the compact design for the electric vehicles and then I did some stability concern for the another power grids but for the commercial aircrafts what is so-called the more electric aircraft is to remove the hydraulic pneumatic equipment and then put and more and more again power converters so I did some you know that for the power system of the airplanes are working in the high frequency for example for the Boeing 747 or Airbus 383 they use the frequency in the range of 400 to 900 850 hertz and then the power quality is huge especially when you integrate more and more power converters into the power grids of the aircraft then I developed the power converter to also compensate some harmonics and then to avoid the stability instability for the aircraft as well so did some also I have performed some earlier the experiments using the emulating or simulation of the Boeing 747 for example and then another application could be the offshore wind farm the offshore wind is very interesting because the cluster of wind turbine interactions with the converters placed on the offshore and also another converters to convert the DC to AC compatible AC grid on the land or shore these interactions of these three component even with the cable is is quite interesting and then in North Sea in Europe in UK Germany in Scandinavian countries some incident happened in China also so in US also in North East in particular is trying there is a huge potential for the offshore wind so still we need to do the more and more analysis all because of these interactions of the different power electronics equipment so for example this slide just showed one of the harmonics or resonance frequencies happened around the this was for the I believe the Europe with the 50 years and then you will see the two resonances are just about the fundamental frequency 50 years one is the high frequency 63 and then below the fundamental frequency so how to control or predict these kind of frequencies that the challenge is that it's not just the low frequency harmonies it could be in the range of the the kilohertz so like up to 10 kilohertz so getting the observability good observability within the wide frequency band is another huge as well so then here I just use the machine learning based technologies to detect such kind of fast resonances or harmonics so it seems that anyway we need to have the the a lot of measurements and then the measure machine learning or analytics techniques can easily detect some cycles or a few seconds microsecond before the incident we can do some appropriate disconnections to avoid the total shutdown or huge power outage this was happened this actually a study as you will see the perform for the wind farm I just explained to you based on the real measurement in the field for the wind power plant in Oklahoma so and then the future ambition as I said that for example I'm just emphasis on the California in half of the 2019 they reached the 1 million solar rooftop and then on the top you see US also among the top five six countries in terms of the deployment of the EVs electric these electric wages and so on but still we know that there are a couple of challenges versus the system design analysis and then how to modify the modify our design processes in the real time operation real time manner and then we need some tools to do that some different analysis or synthesis way and then this kind of the challenges or items should be incorporated into the teaching and into the curriculum to actually combine the theoretical work with the the experiential learning that's the key and this is huge this is actually the demand from the industry as well so I skip this kind of slide so when it comes to the workforce development the teaching style based on the what I just explained we are moving towards the multi domain areas therefore the students should be trained in the multi do to gain the multi domain expertise and then definitely partnership with the industries private sectors regulatory agencies and utilities are quite reasonable to to to be established and then I just end my talk with this slide. This is for 2004 and then the National Academy of Engineers engineering in 2004 what they expected in that time by 2020 the engineer of the 2020 should be exactly what I highlighted the blue content. The computer based design and then the students should actually gain the skill set in terms of the large scale network devices and then system perspective right, but now we know that even we should move forward from system engineering to the system integration. So that's the huge challenge when it comes to the renewable based energy from the grid side and also the electrified transportation so with that. I just try to wrap up my my talk. So I would be glad to to interact with you in case of questions. Professor D me that was fantastic. They learned a lot. We, if anybody has questions go ahead and type them into the Q&A, and we have about four minutes. Thank you again for that wonderful presentation. We are so lucky to have you on the New Mexico smart grid center team. We're waiting for questions to come in. I actually have one. What do you feel the skill, what is the most important skill, besides the systems approach for an engineer of the future to have to succeed academically and professionally, whether that's a soft skill or or like just like hardware and loop loop knowledge what what is that. Regardless whether we more focus on the software, the program development and also to gain hands on experience on the lab or experiential learning. The most regards the multi disciplinary or multi domain skill sets for the students. And for that one for me to be as a to be working in academia is that, for example, the, the senior design capstone design projects the PhD thesis master thesis. So to actually to to work on those kind of research project and the teaching in the team work manner so for these kind of skills definitely the computer science student should interact with the power, for example, electrical engineering power engineering power electronics power system to learn more. And then for me, as a power electronics, the person I need to gain more knowledge or information about the, the wireless communication techniques information technologies. It means that we ourselves should also interact more and more to each other so that's the because this is not the one a skill fits everyone right so the therefore the teaching and the performing the research should be conducted in the way to also bring multi disciplinary interdisciplinary expertise into the, the classes, for example, what I do based on my experience in industry usually for the courses, I assigned the final project the final project basically is just one very small segment of the real applications and then ask students to do the theoretical analysis and then do the simulations, try to validate those simulations and then see, for example, the effects of changing that parameters, for example, that was exactly the root cause for the incident happened for example in the wind farm, some part of the world. So in this way also it's a good thing for the students to be more motivated because sometimes that some curriculum or more pure mass or complicated or is it's not something encouraging or pleasant for the students, but if they recognize that they have to gain this knowledge. That's something they need by the end of the graduation to get a really good job or to advance to the from the undergrad to graduate from master to PhD, whatever they would decide to do that is to also this this this concept this tool this simulation tool this modeling approach is something I have to gain because perfectly that's the demand in the future and then they can enhance their strengths and then in shining their CVs by gaining those kind of skill sets, but for me as a person to offering the course also in some aspect I have to change the way I used to talk to teach or, for example, I learned in the past as well so we need to also be more up to date to to see what's going on on the industry sector, because some of the challenges also still are kind of struggling for for industry sector that's why the partnership and establishing some john summer jobs internships is quite interesting for the boss academia and also the industry to include and engage more and more students into the programs. We have just one question that I want to get to even though right at time. And I think you partially answered it already, but I'm going to ask it and if you give us a quick response that would be great. What are you doing at NMSU to engage your students in the kind of training you described. Yeah, for example, for me, all the course assignments are based on the as much as I can based on the real application or real challenges, or at least I can simulate those challenges to be more appropriate with the homework and then the thesis for the students and then final project. The final project is more or less at least they can do some simulations level, because they can digest or comprehend the theory by doing the simulation, validate their design, and then at the simultaneously they can also learn working with the new tool simulation tools, and then the simulation tools usually encourage your students that could be those ones are widely used in industry. Outstanding approach, and I hope that more professors take it, take it on because that is what we need. Yeah. Thank you. I want to say before we sign up I want to say thank you so much for your time and your talk. We are super excited to have you and this will be available on YouTube. Once we get it transcribed. So everybody knows. And the last thing I want to say is I want to plug the the May webinar which is with rusty nail, and he will be doing opal RT for beginners but once again before we sign off. Thank you, Dr. Hamid Nadimi and have a wonderful day everybody I hope. Thank you very much everyone but you can always ask questions in case of any unclear point or comments. Thank you very much have a great day. Bye bye. Thank you. Bye bye.