 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel explore education. I am Dr. Rashmi Rashmi Singh assistant professor department of education is this Kanna girls through the college University of Allahabad and After discussing role of public sector in higher education in India here I am to discuss the role of private sector in higher education in India and it will be useful for your various competitive teaching examinations as well as for your general understanding about higher education So first of all if we talk about history of the emergence of Private sector in higher education then we can say that private sector plays a limited role in Indian education I mean if we look traditionally then we will find out that the role of private sector in education was very little The traditional approach to education in India has been one of social responsibility because the traditional approach which is our old way of teaching is considered to be a social responsibility The government's for the best instruments to discharge this responsibility And it is believed that the government can do the same very well Religious and charitable institutions could play a part but there was no scope for any commercial interest It is believed that some charitable institutions, that means those who want to do charity, those who want to do some religious They have a scope for them that they can do something of their own but they also had no scope to run for commercial interest That means they could not do anything of their own However the private sector could establish colleges that required affiliation with universities to teach degree level courses And to present students for university examinations for their order of degrees It happened that the private sector could establish colleges but it would have to be taken from the affiliation university It could only teach students and the examinations would also be taken from the university What the system did was to secure private resources to create infrastructure while the content and processes of education As well as the award of qualifications remain the exclusive responsibility of the universities in the public sector What was this done so that the private resources that we are using to create infrastructure And to give the content process as per our own standards so that our control remains Abort, current degree, content and process, what we have to teach, we have to do all this in the university but not in the public sector But what we took from the private sector and the infrastructure For the private sector, it was participation in social development with no returns on their investments and hence a form of charity and philanthropy This means that the private sector should work in charity You have a lot of money, then what happens with the CSR? Corporate social responsibility, you are earning a lot of money, then you should make a few lakhs in charity You will get a huge amount and our infrastructure will be developed So this means that the private sector is working on social development but it will not get any return on its investment This is the emergence of the private sector Then what happened? In the last two decades or so, in the last 20 years, there has been a significant shift in the attitudes towards private sector initiatives But in the last 20 years, we see that a shift has come in the private sector initiative What shift has come? As public resources remain stagnant and the demand for purpose-built education in emerging areas like engineering, technology, medicine, computer education and business studies Began to rise continuously They are saying that public resources are stagnant, they have stopped in one place We are seeing that it is increasing very slowly, it has increased in the last few years So this demand is that we have to study engineering, technology, science, medicine, computer education The demand is increasing very fast So what should be done? A new system will have to be invented A new system was devised under which the private sector established colleges and ran them on what came to be called the self-financing model What do you mean? Since the public sector is decreasing, you can invent a new sector of the private sector And what should be done in that sector? It is called the self-financing model In other words, in theory, these colleges functioned on the principle that the full cost of education was recovered from these students And what does this principle do? The principle is that we will take all the money that is being spent from the students The full cost of education was recovered from the students That is why the fees for self-financing courses are high And now there are lakhs of money So that we will make it from the infrastructure, we will give salary to the teacher And you know that private institution teachers are given very little salary And very good quality teachers don't keep it generally And they take a lot of money from the students in the form of fees With public funding, no more in a position to take up the challenging task of expansion The government money that is being spent on higher education It is not in this state that such a big task is being taken up so quickly in higher education I have not taken this data, I have repeatedly written that when India was free Only this many universities, this many colleges and this many thousands have become free You can remember it So the challenge task of expansion and diversification of the higher education system in the country To meet the continuously growing demand I mean demand is increasing At present, there is little option other than bringing in private initiatives In a massive way to meet the various challenges Which are coming so many challenges in higher education So India doesn't have so much money So what did he do? He asked the private initiative to come You come to the scene The deregulating mechanism of control started with the granting of autonomous status To identified colleges in the 1970s And from where did it start? When some colleges were given autonomous status in the 1970s So you can do it according to yourself Some of these colleges have graduated further To receive the deemed to be university status in later years And in the following years, some of them were deemed university Deemed to be university status Let's talk about the development of privatization How privatization has come in higher education In the 1990s, when it was about LPG I have discussed this in globalization What is LPG? Liberalization, privatization and globalization So what happened in the 1990s? Establishment and fast expansion of self-financing private higher education institutions So very quickly, self-financing private higher education Started in India The self-financing colleges, which are commonly known as Capitation fee colleges are mostly for profit motive institutions Self-financing colleges, which are also known as Capitation fee colleges So what was their point? That profit should be made Tillak has mentioned this in his study in 1994 Then some committees have also prayed to us in this direction That we let privatization take place The Poonanya committee in 1992-93 recommended That universities should generate 5% of their annual maintenance expenditure Through internally generated resources And this should go up to at least 25% at the end of 10 years That means this Karachi said That your universities Have spent 5% of their annual maintenance expenditure That means you should generate it yourself From your sources So from where will you generate from your sources? From students And this should go up to at least 25% at the end of 10 years So he said that in the next 10 years Increase it to 25% That means generate 25% of your annual maintenance expenditure At the same time, an other I, Dr. Swami Nathan Patel committee That panel said in 1992 Which was set up by AICT AICT had also observed on mobilization of additional resources in higher education He also said that in higher education We need to mobilize additional resources That means we need to generate income from other institutions The panel has put forth the idea of collecting educational success From industries and other organizations He said that the industries Should be used in the name of education And also from other organizations So we can generate some funds from here Similarly, a Birla Hummani committee came in 2000 He said that because more radical view and fees He said a lot more on fees He said suggesting a user pays principle User pays That means pay what you use He said that where students pay the full cost of higher education He said that the students who have higher education They will have to pay the full cost According to which they will have to study And some socially disadvantaged And your poor students So you can give a fellowship or a stipend But mainly Take money from your children Which you have to spend Thus these recommendations have paved the way To think about resource generation Through private partnership and the process Lead to privatization So from the report of these committees The path of privatization has been cleared So what will be the reasons for privatization Why privatization has happened in higher education The biggest thing That the government Was spending more on primary education Because when we literate Then we will go to secondary and then to higher If we are not literate Then there is no concept of higher education So the government has more attention So it has removed a little attention from higher education Or it says that there is not much left To spend on higher education So the involvement of state Higher education is less In comparison to elementary education And why is this also When article 45 came Who said that everyone has to Give free education Because the attention has been removed from higher education This is the reason why there are private players Then on private and control ownership More efficient because of resource And work allotment and it leads to Competitive efficiency Generally it is seen that Their infrastructure And their efficiency Is better than the government Generally in general There are so many children who are getting ready every year Who want entry in higher education As soon as possible The government cannot make all those places So there are private players Finance is a burden on the government Because India is currently spending 3.5% Of GDP on the government There are 3.5% and 4% Data will be said at different times But it is still believed that We have to spend so much on the government There is a paradigm shift Foreign direct investment Foreign universities Some branches have come So it is being privatized And why is it being done? Everyone needs quality The government is understanding that We are going to pay more Rapid growth of school education If school education is being increased Then secondary education For higher education For that there are so many institutes Fulfilling the need for skilled manpower It is said that it is a globalized world So skilled manpower Can produce university products So it is needed for them Desire for more autonomy There are many institutions If they get the autonomy Then they will do their own work Their expenses and grants They will do their own work So this is privatization Synergy for information-based economy Now there is a knowledge-based economy Information-based economy So for this more people have to learn Because of technological development Increased demand for enlightened Workforce Workforce needs that too And its demand has increased The government has become so powerful To fulfill such a big demand So it has become privatization Of higher education What are its positive impacts Is it good or bad? Let's talk about good and bad What happened when privatization Increased the number of institutions All universities have been opened Colleges have been opened So access to higher education Won't it be easy? It is very low So we take merit based So there is no admission So easy access for higher education Relief of financial load Some financial load has been reduced To provide standard education We can teach you in better infrastructure Your private institutions Join any stream If you get admission in this course If you get admission in that course Then everything happens on money Shaping the curriculum According to current global Because they are autonomous They don't have any government Government pressure So they update their curriculum Free from political interruption Because government doesn't give money So government won't interrupt Better employment can be there Fulfilling the need of the country The competition of institutions That we are doing better than them This is its positive impact But negative impact And also there It will be very expensive Expensive education If a normal child doesn't have any education Then it is very difficult to study Because government won't have any education And they won't be able to do it Sub-standard faculty Because they pay less So they want to keep a good faculty So they give less money Commodification of knowledge Science has also been developed Science has also been developed If you give more money Then you will get it soon Doctors sometimes have it If you pay the fees of this cadre Then you will have to wait so long If you give this much money Then you will get it soon If you give this much money Then the doctor will come to your house So in everything There is a lot of load But there is no salary The violation of the right to education Which is the violation of the right to education Because you can't get a poor person In these places This parity in excess to higher education It is a focus on points Here it is just a profit Capitation fee Which is called self-financing And lack of transparency They generally don't tell They don't transfer So how can we sum up The conclusion is That private universities are a reality now So you can't say That there will be no private education Or private universities Whereas in India There are 70-80% institutions That are privately owned So how low is the government Of all HEIs in India 67.3% of all enrollments That means 60% of all enrollment Is based on government And at such strong Regulatory mechanisms are to be Put in place immediately to monitor And control their activities with the objective of Ensuring quality and social accountability They are saying that Make a regulatory body Monitor And their activities Means control private institutions That they give Quality education And social accountability And time in the era of Massification We are saying that For the elite class Or for the mass Or for the universalization So the era of Massification is certain That private enrollment will be done We can't do so much With the advent of Massification and the global Knowledge economy Beginning in the last half of the Intellectual capital for both Individuals in society They are saying that Massification is done Global knowledge Global knowledge economy At the global level Which has started since the last Half of the 20th century So higher education has become our resource You can get employment You can develop intellectual Capital for individual and society So now in the 21st century There is almost universal agreement That a range of financial resources Public and private Must be marshaled to support higher education They are saying that public Will also be supported Because there is Regulation, monitoring, equity And private will come Because it won't work without private We are so much students We cannot open the university So now what do we talk about Public-private partnership Means you also come If we try That we can increase the higher education In India And the national education policy Will say that we have to participate By 2035 So you can understand That this is a very big task So I think That now you will understand The role of public sector And role of private sector in higher education In India Or to study literature Or to write in examination To understand basic understanding I think it is sufficient So thank you and don't forget To like and subscribe my channel Explore Education I have done from my side