 Thank you very much. Yeah, so thank you for coming in this room. I think I can assume that everybody in this room and also if you are watching the live stream, you care about diversity, especially in the Python community. That's why you're here with me. So thank you so much for that. You can keep the discussion with me on Twitter. It's welcome. I will talk a little bit about me. So thanks for introducing me. I currently live in London as a data scientist. In London, I'm very active in doing a lot of stuff. Because I love the community, I want to contribute more. So I co-organize some meetups, including the AI Club for Gender Minorities. I'm so glad that I have two co-organizers here with me in Europe, Python. I'm so happy. I love them. Also, I organize some sprints, which may need to be focusing on contributing to open source. So far, we have sprints once per month. So almost once per month. So it's a fun time. I love doing it. And also, I myself contribute to a lot of open source libraries. It's a small contribution. But I think everybody can do it. If I can do it, you can do it. Also, I created this pick and mix. Thank you so much. I have a designer. I hope I've pronounced his or her name correct. Is that good? Yeah, this designer created this logo for me. Thank you so much. That's about open source, right? It's like everybody contributes. So OK, enough for open source. So a couple of months ago, I found this blog post, which kind of get my attention. Why women are flourishing in our community but lacking in Python? So myself, my background as a data scientist, when I started doing data science, I was using RL. But for different reasons, I switched to Python. And from there, I know that the Python community is lovely. And that comes to my, I think about, why we have this problem? Because the Python community is lovely. Like, why women are not enjoying Python as much as RL. So I need to have a look. So we see that, actually, we have more than, like, six time more Python users than our users, according to the Stackoverflow survey last year in 2018. So but there's a lot of people using Python, right? Python is lovely. The community is lovely. But we only have 1.25 times more members in PyLadies than our ladies. So what happened? Is it really like we don't have that much female Python users or female Python users are not active in the community? It's like, why the number doesn't match? And then also, something worrying is like for contributors. Again, I contribute to open source. I would love to do more, but why? RL has four times more female contributors than Python. I was like, we are lacking in presence in contribution to open source in Python communities. Oh, no, it's not good. Also, for networks, so as a organizer, there is like, our ladies, there's 120 chapters in 40 countries. It's everywhere. But in PyLadies, we have less. We have only 45 active chapters in 12 countries. So I'm very lucky. I'm in one of the biggest cities in Europe. In London, we have PyLadies. And I know that there's also PyLadies remote, which is, a remote is for everybody who's in the city that is smaller city that doesn't have a PyLadies they can join. But still, it's lacking. It would be great if we have more and more PyLadies chapters for women to network, to feel that they are not the minorities. They are not alone. They are also important in the Python community. So it's like, there are problems there. Also, it could be the problem is not like a problem that somebody would want to make. Because there may be a fundamental problem that the users, if you think about the users, for R, I keep having different people. They have maybe their statisticians. They come from academic background. They say, oh, R is amazing. It's so easy to use. And all these, I was like, hm, but Python is also amazing and easy to use. Have you heard about that? So there is actually statistic showing that actually most Python users, they are actually maybe from a more engineering, computer science background, maybe most students in computer science, they maybe, when they were in university, they learned using C++. My first computer course that I attend in university was actually using C++. And also Python, now it's getting more and more popular this morning. Martin mentioned that in Basel, there's Python in education. There's like, now they're teaching Python in schools. So yeah, maybe computer science students, they have a lot of exposure in using Python. But for students that maybe they're disciplined, it's more like math or social science or even like, economics, or even like, journalism, because now data journalism is a thing, right? They may be using R instead of Python. So yeah, that's really like a difference demographic in the two language users. And we can also see that because, yeah, because for different disciplines, we can see that computer science, computer science graduates, especially in the Western world, is mainly mal-dominated. They're like, if you can see, for these statistic majors, they are like, more or less, there's like half and half. There's like 44% women. But for computer science, it's only 19%. It's like, oh, maybe we should think about getting more girls to study computer science. Maybe that's the thing. So yeah, there's also like million questions that we have to attack, have to answer to help the diversity. Also, I have seen this Jupyter notebook that actually, I can show you the notebook here. OK, the internet is slow at the moment. OK, can you see that? Yeah, right. So this notebook is very, very good. Actually, the first time I came across it was in kind of, I joined the non-focus DISC mailing list, and then they were circulating this Jupyter notebook. Because what we talk about is about the inequality in the leadership in non-focus projects, pie data leadership. It's always like an inequality of underrepresented groups. And then they use it very scientific way. I won't show you the details. I will upload a slide so you can check it out yourself. And they made this notebook. And I'm thinking about maybe I could change this data.json, and I can do different research on it as well. So this is the result. And maybe I should switch back to the slide so it's easier to see. So they use that scientific method to show that it's how diverse is each project. So these are non-focus projects. I think this statistic is done last year. So there are some new ones that is not updated, but anyway. So you can see that the inequalities is going to be actually how to look at this. It's like if it's lower, if you have a lower score, like Android, they are more diverse. So you can see that NumPy, PMC-free, they are not very diverse. I think these ones are the ones that got a score less one. So the uniqueness is one. So they have only one gender as the main contributor. So which gender I think is quite obvious and easy to guess. So you can see from these, from the bottom ones, a more or more equal one. And you can see like arm size in the head, like some open journals. Or you can see that there's actually like a domain difference as well. Like maybe things that are more numeric, more maybe physics-related, they are less diverse. So yeah, that's very interesting. And also in that Jupiter Notebook, you mentioned one idea which I think is very, very good. It's called active and passive diversity problems. So active diversity problem means that there are people or a group of members that they are toxic. They don't want the community to be diverse. And passive means that actually nobody wants it, but if nobody's do anything to it, then it's the fundamental bias in the inequality. So I think it's my opinion that the Python community is having a passive problem. I haven't encountered any active problem in the Python community very luckily. Yeah, I think that's even worse. Maybe, so the other thing is like maybe in workspace, we have a chance to face some active diversity problem. But in the community, I think so far, my experience mainly passive problem. So yeah, so that means that we have to do something to improve it. OK, so the previous information that I gave you is mainly based on the blog post that I see and then also Azure and then also a Jupiter Notebook that somebody did, which is amazing. So I tried to do something myself. This is a research that I did, referred last year. So I'm thinking about, because I've been to 10 conferences last year very luckily, I enjoy every single one of them. But is there imbalance of gender ratio in Python conferences? Because I think it's quite obvious. If you have a coffee break, if you go to the toilets, here the venue is lovely, it's very big, so maybe there's less obvious. But if you go to a smaller venue, you can see that usually outside the male toilet, there's a long queue and a female toilet, it's like, I can go in, and then there's an empty, and oh, it's good in that sense. But maybe it means that it's not good in diversity. So yeah, so I tried to do something. I tried to see, is there like an imbalance? Like, it was obvious that there's obviously an imbalance, but how imbalanced is this? It's difficult to count the participant, because I talk to people, but I can't talk to every single one of the participant. So okay, it was the easiest way to count. It's like, oh, maybe I should count the speakers, because all talks are recorded. So, ah, it's very easy, but I have to really say that this is not very accurate reason being, not all talks are recorded, because some speaker, they may prefer it not to be recorded. Also, for the gender of the speaker, I didn't really do a research of like, researching on every single speaker. Are they male or female or non-binary? I just based on the pronoun that maybe the chair used to describe them. So yeah, if I made a mistake, that's difficult to avoid, but I hope this give a general idea of how imbalanced it is. So this is the statistic I hope it's clear enough. So you can see that, ooh, like, the blue bars are male, and the red bars are non-male, so including female and non-binary speakers. So except, like on UK, there is 75% of speakers are male. They are doing very well, but which means that there isn't enough non-male speakers and why is it because when the call for proposal open, there's like a lot of male submission, this year I'm in the programming work group of Europe, Python, and I can see that there's a really imbalance, and then I think conference organizers, they put into an account, they have the diversity mission in their mind, but still this is difficult to achieve because in the submission, there's already a very, very imbalance demographic, and so how can we improve that? How can we encourage more diverse speakers, maybe not just gender, maybe speaker with different backgrounds to speak, so I will also talk about that later. But before I specifically talk about some suggestion that we could do in the Python community, I would like to talk about the diversity problem in theater because as a person living in London, I love going to theater, I'm very lucky that London is a theater city, so it's also a hot topic in London, like theater goal or critics, they really notice that there's diversity problem in theaters, so maybe from learning from them, we have some idea of how we can improve. So I also read a lot about news and blog posts in theaters, so this is one of the posts that I come across. It's talking about, sorry, it's talking about the best way to address the theater's lack of diversity, so yeah, there's a problem, so what's the problem specifically? Who is on the stage? It's kind of similar to my problem about conference speakers, so people on the stage is actually attracting people who will be participating, but for example, in London theater, there's a problem because some productions, they have a whole cast of 22 white actors on stage, so for them, the more diversity questions they're addressing is maybe ethnicity of the actors, so sometimes a play, it could be a modern play, it could be the race of the actors, not the most important thing, but still it's kind of very white dominating on business. And it was in the audience, also in London, I love London being such a diverse city, it's like 44% of the people in London, they are classified as BAME, which is kind of, we can say they are ethnic minorities, they are Asian or black, so yeah, but still, if you are like a London theater goer like me, you can see that if you go to the Royal Court theater in London, you can see most audience, because my experience, I go to see a play, there's an Asian play, almost all the cast are Asian girls, but still because the Royal Court theater is located in the very prestigious location in London, it's like in the audience, there's still very white middle class dominating, so it's like mmm, and also there's a problem in the influencer, it's kind of like the leaders of theater, like who is making the decision, who are the artistic director of theater, who decided what production to put on stage, and all the critics, they would be like, their identity may kind of change the way they, how they judge whether this play is a good play or not a good play, so hmm, this influencer, there's also not very much of them from ethnic minority groups, so, so in that blog post, also talk about the chicken and egg situation, because the writer, he mentioned that one time, there's a play called Fella happening in London, and it's Fella, it's actually about a Nigerian singer, so he's very popular in Nigeria, I guess, so when this writer, at that time, he was like traveling in the cab, and a lot of the cab drivers in London, they are from Nigeria, and they mentioned to him that, oh, I love this play, I went to see that again and again and again, you can imagine a cab driver, they are not earning a lot of money, but they may be rarely go to the theater, but because they're from Nigeria, their identity kind of give them, like, attraction to this show about a Nigerian singer, so they love the show, they go to see it again and again and again, so what's being on stage actually affect who is watching it or who is participating, but sometimes the problem is like, if your audience is mainly, you know, I said before, if your audience is mainly wise, then maybe you want to have white actors on stage, because you have to attract people to watch it, but then it's become a loop, an unhealthy loop that it will really stay into only one majority group and ignoring the minority groups, which is not very good. So also there's another article, which is very, very interesting, it's about how to improve this situation, like how to make it more accessible for people from a different background. So for example, I mentioned about the inference of the people who make the decision, the gatekeeper, so nowadays in London you can see that there's like, in some kind of very famous theater, the artistic director of those theaters, there's like more and more people from the minority groups, they are being the artistic directors. I've met one lady, I think she is not white, but she is the artistic director of one of these famous theater, I think she really can't remember, but yeah, she's an artistic director, and I'm sure that there's a lot of artists that they are like talented artists in the minority group and it's just like, it's taking them like quite a long time. If we kind of discover them, they may become driving this big wheel to go to different directions. So it's a good thing that they kind of change it now in London. And also in the theater itself, there's accessibility. For example, in London now there, I kind of enjoyed that as well because there's always some kind of cheaper tickets like 10 pounds to watch a play in the West End, which is very, very good. So if you book early enough, you'll be able to enjoy some cheap tickets. So theaters kind of become accessible for all, even though for people who don't have a lot of budget. Also the theater, sometimes the bar and the restaurant, they try to not always have expensive stuff, maybe some kind of, still more expensive than buying from a corner shop, but they try to make it not super fancy and not for people who are in a dress and a suit to enjoy, which is good. Also, some accessibility measure was implied. For example, they have some sign language performance. So it's for people, you know, hearing impaired, they can enjoy the performance even though they can't hear. I've been to a production with one of the famous drama school in London and they have two cars. One car is their student, very talented student, and the other car, which is performing with them side by side, they are actors that, you know, they use sign language, they may be deaf, but they use sign language to perform, which I think is amazing, is amazing production because it's accessible for everybody. And also sometimes there's like audio described performance, including the one that I went to. For some stage direction, they would describe it. They would say it out because for people, maybe they have side impair, they could still enjoy the performance. And also, for example, accessible toilet, and all these is for people who maybe have mobility problems. Also, and it's this one thing that a lot of places overlook, I think it's more popular in movies, it's a relaxed performance, so the lights won't be totally dim. People are welcome to come in and out because maybe they are parents with kids, so like they can bring kids into the movie or bring the baby to movie. If the baby have needs, they need to care for the baby, they can go in and out, and everybody go to that screening, they understand that is for parents with the baby, which I think is a good thing. I mean, like parents shouldn't be pinned down to not enjoy this. So, okay, I will spend the rest of the talk talking about what we could do in Python community. Can we learn something from the theater, how they can improve? So in the blog post that I mentioned in the beginning, I also mentioned that PyCon now is having a great improvement because you can see that by doing like, encouraging women to come to the conference, they have talks by women starting from a very low percentage towards 40%, which is really, really good. And this is PyCon in the US, so I think in Europe we are doing that as well, which is very, very good. It's the, we need to carry on the momentum. Also, non-focus, you can see that they're both outside, they are an organization that is like helping this, funding this PyData community. So you can see that they have also measures, they have this DISC committee and they have all these like mailing list and discussion, I joined a mailing list, so that's why I receive information. And also, they are giving diversity scholarships, so for people from the minority group if they kind of have a struggling to get a ticket then they could maybe apply for scholarships to attend the conferences. Also Jungle Girl is amazing, we had the Jungle Girl Day on Monday, which has been like a recurring thing for Europe, Python now, every year they have this Jungle, kind of like a beginner's day to encourage women, especially, to start using Python and do something about Jungle, to build blog posts using Jungle. And it's translated to 12 languages, it's blooming. And then also, my friend mentioned, it's very empowering for women because Jungle Girl prefer, of course like they also have male mentors, but they prefer girls who have been, or women who have been to be participate before, come back to become the mentor because, well, it shouldn't be always men teaching women, it should be, you shouldn't care about the genders, like who have experienced, teach the people who don't have experience. So, in my opinion, for conferences, because yeah, I'm now involved in conferences a lot, so I have a lot of ideas, for example, childcare facilities, I think Python UK is doing it, PyData is doing it, PyData London is doing it. So yeah, I think maybe Europe, Python, maybe we should consider as well because yeah, because you can, it's like those theater thing, right? It's like parents shouldn't be, they shouldn't have these mind that, oh, I have to care about my baby, so I can't go to the conference. Also, diversity in topics, again, how we can make this call for proposal more diverse is like maybe we encourage different topics, so like the academic diversity, maybe people from a journalist background or a statistic background, they could also talk about their work, so we are not limited to one kind of a profession, one domain or one topic, so people from a different background, like a different professions, they can also, if they work related to Python in some way, then they could also present. And also, we should also put some emphasis on education. Again, we see it from the university example, maybe we have to inspire more young girls to be doing a more computer science or engineering subject, so yeah. Also, I think we should go beyond the Jungle Girl workshop, Jungle Girl workshop is amazing, as I said, but I think it shouldn't be limited to one topic, like Jungle, one framework, Jungle, where we should expand it to other topics because now Python is not just used for web development, it could be used in all different types of stuff, so maybe, because I'm data scientist, I'm involved in data science, and also Python is very popular in data science now, so maybe we should have something similar in data science to have a workshop to encourage gender minority, especially women, to start their careers in data science, and also we should fear free gender barrier. For example, we have people who are like, we have trans code, which in Pylandinian, they have the trans code workshop that is for people identify as trans, or it's more for people have certain identity, they could feel that they're not alone, they're not minorities, they got support from the community as well. Also, this one, I love it, non-gender-labeled toilets, so my last year in Pycon UK, and they did a lot of work in this non-gender-labeled toilet, so the toilet is labeled as whether you have a urino or not, so it doesn't matter what gender, it's like what facility you're using. And also the t-shirts, my friend just told me in the non-focused guideline, if you organize a PyData conference, your t-shirt should be not gender-labeled, should be whether it's a straight cut or it's fitted, so it's also about your body shape, it's not about your gender, which I think is amazing. And this is mainly for conference, but also we have other problems in the community and we have to try to solve it. For example, maybe we need more female leadership and contributors, so for me, my idea is maybe I organize some sprints, meet-up, maybe I should have some, again it's like Jungle Girl, some meet-up that is mainly for encouraging people in a minority that you are not alone, you're not, you got support from the community, let's do it together. So, to get them started, to get them, you know, work their way towards the leadership or become a maintainer in the contributions. Also, yeah, in, you know, for young people and in academia or even not just young people, maybe for researchers, we have to maybe do some outreach to tell them Python is a good tool. Let's use Python instead of R. So yeah, I only got one minute left, so I don't think I could take a lot of questions now here, but I have this survey, which you can give me some feedback. I remember there's some free text that you could type whatever you like, please be kind to me and please give me feedback because I hope this talk I could keep giving it and maybe I can add more and more, like for example, some things like some opinions from my friend or information from my friend, which I can improve this presentation, so I could keep raising awareness and I hope we can work together and make the community more diverse and better. So thank you so much. Yeah, so... I think we can, like if anyone has one question, I think we can have a minute to spare. We can talk after the... Yeah, you can grab me in the conference or yeah, the survey is always there, so please, your feedback, I value a lot, so thank you so much.