 So, hi friends. We are going to see January month the original and this the three topics which are going to discuss us Owners regarding Space power of India next thing is regarding economic development of India the third one is media's rule So these are the three topics that we are going to see. So we are going to see India as a space power That's a topic. We are going to see so when our India says to emerge as a Global power and right now India is a regional power. So one important dimension of that thing is India as a space power. So apart from this India, we know that it's a military power economic power cultural power and Democratic power also democratic power in the sense India as a role model for its Neighborhood especially Southeast Asia and South Asia for its democracy. That is also one dimension where it shows its regional power character. So in that One aspect is the concept of space power. So in this article, we'll see what are the achievements of Indian space And paragraph one So paragraph two paragraph three paragraph four and five So paragraph one so which says about the creation of Indian space program correct. The first and foremost thing is in the year of 1962 that was a starting point of our Indian space research and organizations. So in that we have this Indian national committee for space research national committee for space research So that was the precursor for precursor for ISRO So that was the year of 1962 they have this And also we have this tumba equatorial rocket launch station in the year of 1960. These are the very basic foundation of our space exploration and our space organizations. So they call it as tumba equatorial rocket launch station So that was given the first paragraph. I think most of the first page is related to factual information about ISRO and its role in India So this was a Launch station established in India in the year of 1962 the very basic one in Indian system and paragraph two So what they say about paragraph two is the year of 1969 the transformation of So Indian national committee for Space research into ISRO. So this is another one. So there's a factual information This is all you can use it for introduction any question regarding ISRO in means Our next thing is the year of 1970 in paragraph three. So chronological order the year of 1972 Where department of space was established in India. So department of space So department of space was established in India Where Dr. Satish Dhawan was a key personality behind this And they say that 1970s was considered to be the learning phase of Indian space exploration and the India's first satellite Arya Bhatta So Arya Bhatta So first satellite of India So first satellite of India Was launched in the year of 1975 So year of 1975 we have launched it and especially from with the help of soviet union And that resulted in starting the Indian satellite program Arya Bhatta is resulted in Starting the Indian satellite program and another thing is Bhaskara So these are some of the important factual informations So Bhaskara one and two That is earth observation satellite Earth observation satellite So earth observation satellite So based on this only we behind to rise to this level of modern day era where we are putting the biggest achievement of India is We have put 100 plus satellites in one launch correct So starting with this Arya Bhatta and Bhaskara one and two So there's a starting point of Indian space exploration that is given in paragraph three And paragraph four is regarding So apple first experimental communication satellite that is the term apple Aryan passenger payload experiment so India's first Experimental satellite was launched in that by european arian rocket And that was in the year of 1981 So with the help of europeans we are able to put our first satellite into A experimental communication satellite into orbit. So that was the next information that was again a factual year of 1981 And next the most important thing is Communication satellites there are two somebody communication satellites Experiments was done. So that is given in paragraph five. So one is site That is satellite instructional television experiment And satellite telecommunication experimental project. This was done in 1970s late 1970s site and step So modern day what we are using as are as a technology especially telecom connectivity and TV penetration the starting point for that thing is with this Experiments done by isro in the year of site was in the year of 1975 76 So year of 1975 and 76 Whereas if we go for Step it was in the year of 1977 and 79 So one is regarding television tv and is regarding telecom So these are all the precursors what we right now enjoy in our modern day world So all started this was experimental aspects like satellite launch And starting with The penetration of technology what we are enjoying in modern era. So that's given in the page number nine So next we go for page number 10. So paragraph one two Paragraph three and paragraph So in this paragraph one Here we are going to focus on this launch vehicles. Correct. So in 1970s So India went for this satellite launch vehicles Satellite launch vehicles Satellite launch vehicle programs right now what we have successfully transformed into pslv and gslv. Correct. So for that it all started with this Aslv that is given in paragraph two So aslv that is augmented satellite launch vehicle augmented satellite launch vehicle So in 1980s that was done in 1980s And with that successful slv 3 Slv 3 then we began to move towards the next level for the next level of India's launch vehicle is what we called as pslv So polar satellite launch vehicle again in 1980s in 1980s And India's first INSAT 1b is the most important thing India's first multi-purpose operational satellite so multi-purpose Satellite operational satellite from the name itself says it's a multi-purpose So this satellite is used for various purpose like telecom tele tv televisions weather forecasting and So that that was the objective of this INSAT 1b So which which made India into a next league of its development So this we can also say about the importance of India space organizations India's development aspect So we can see all these are related to our development process for example telecommunication or television Telecommunication faster communication between people television is one of the medium on which Government can interact with the people a lot and it's weather forecasting especially related to agriculture and similarly India also tested its remote sensing. So remote sensing is another most important area of satellite technology, correct? So remote sensing So that was in the year of 1988. We have first satellite 1a And this remote sensing is nothing but circling the earth and taking the picture of the earth and that they have given 900 kilometers high polar orbit And they are used for various purpose like agriculture ground water Prospecting minerals survey forestry all these are used so this paragraph of Paragraph 2 and 3 of page number 10 which you can relate with role of ISRO in development of India Or role of technology in development of this can be a topic used for SA also Or any topic related to very specific to the role of technology in our development. We can relate all these things, okay? Our next thing is paragraph 4 So we have this GSAT 11 to 29 GSAT 29 So this is playing a primary role in digital India initiative So digital India So right now India is focusing on penetrating ICT platforms across indians Domain so right now these satellites GSAT 11 and GSAT 29 19 all are playing a major role, especially in the aspect of rural connectivity And remote connectivity So rural connectivity is one because we don't have proper infrastructure and remote connectivity is geographical remoteness Less like states like Jammu and Kashmir and northern states So this GSAT is playing a effective role in modern day era. So we can see how Space is an important tool in our development process, especially in the communication dimensions that is given in page number 10 And in page number 11. So paragraph 1 It's paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 and paragraph 4. So in paragraph 1 So right now in GSLV. So government is focusing on So GSLV is another most important launch vehicle of India. So geos As synchronous Satellite launch vehicle that is the expansion of GSLV So if from 1990s we are working on this aspect of GSLV and the importance of GSLV is if you want to put High payload for satellites. There's the only platform on which we can be done So there are three stages in it. So three stages of GSLV so which can be your problems question in science and technology And the most important thing is The cryogenic stage. So cryogenic upper stage So cryogenic upper stage is the most important thing and here in regarding cryo cryogenic stage It's more the complicated technology. So more critical and complicated technology because it uses liquid Hydrogen and oxygen Which has considered to be more unstable in this liquid form. So we need to develop specialized metal or We need to do a lot of new process in Using this particular liquid of hydrogen and oxygen So there's a more critical one only few countries has mastered it and India is trying to do it and India also achieved The outcomes in it. Okay. So that is given as information here. So that is in january 2015 So the january 5 2014 It has mastered its uh, it shows master is uh, demonstrates mastery in cryogenic rocket propulsion So we have achieved that in the year of uh, 2014. So from 1990s, we are trying out by 2014 you mastered it That's in paragraph two Is mastering So cryogenic upper stage Next thing is paragraph three So that is a GSLV Mark three So this is the current version of this Uh launch vehicle, which is considered to be the most Uh advanced in our indian space exploration and they are able to put that four ton. So that is four thousand kilograms of payload So four thousand tons of payload So sorry Four tens of payload that is four thousand kilograms So in gt So this is the most important thing our next thing is in paragraph four They have given some of the important missions of india space missions like chandra n1 mass orbiter So astrosat and chandra n2. So these are the important aspects of India's achievement, especially outer space explorations So this we can put as outer space explorations So until now we saw that india space was space exploration was more concentrated on uh, uh Utilizing earth as a Objective on trying to get all the things for our development process right now It's more scientifically driven that is out of space explorations for that only we have this chandra n So chandra n1 and we have chandra n2 correct and we have this mass orbiter mass mission Or popularly called as mangalyan and astrosat So astrosat so chandra n1 was Launched in the year of 2008 and it has made a huge impact in exploring moon So chandra n is more about moon exploration. So they are focused on moon exploration And they have a lot of scientific objective for this In chandra n1 So that is given in paragraph four The next thing is paragraph one in page number 12 paragraph one two Three So in paragraph one So regarding mass orbiter mission Mass orbiter mission So that is given in paragraph one and please understand mass orbiter mission is considered to be one of the unique achievement of Indian space exploration for the first time We are able to go to mass and make it more successful And a lot of developed countries has done not done in the first time itself and it clearly says mass orbiter So we are sending uh Systems for so going around the mass. We are not going on landing on the mass So mass mass orbiter mission is considered one of the most successful and also very cost effective, which is said across the world So they say that mass orbiter mission cost around 900 or Crozers similar to it Which is equivalent to some of the Hollywood Hollywood movies taken in the US so the skill shows that how in isro is most cost effective and The most efficient organization in the world, especially regarding space explorations. So that is going in page paragraph one so paragraph two is So regarding this So regarding astrosat So astrosat began to use x ray uv Optical to study outer space. So they want to study outer space Outer space and especially they want to find out galaxies Is there any outside? What we are in the milky way galaxy similar what are other galaxies are is there anything and they also found out that in ultraviolet So astrosat found out in a galaxy in ultra white that can be one information what we can hear is and apart from this in paragraph three We have this navik That is navigation with indian with indian constellations, correct so This is regarding navigation purpose or navigation satellite And we know that in modern-day era navigation. We are entirely depend upon A technology very popular is in our personal life. We say gps That's the indian version is navik And navik helps in our navi navigational purpose, especially position timing and all And which we can have a multiple purpose, right starting from defense from planning from disaster management All this can be used this particular satellite influence. Okay. Next thing is paragraph four. So regarding Gaganyan mission or Gaganyan project, which is considered to be the most ambitious project of indian space exploration The primary objective is to put human into outer space And india is going to focus that very importantly Which clearly shows our technological superiority and our greater objective of Showing indias might especially technological might and space exploration might okay So that is given in paragraph four And paragraph five especially for this achievement of space and Our exploration in outer space. So we have dedicated a specialized institution for that's the Point they have given a deemed university in trivandrum in the year of 2007 That is indian institute of space science and technology. So So indian institute of space science and technology So an establishment year of 2007 which creates a dedicated human resources for our space exploration So that is the point and page number. So paragraph six So and also we have a Indian national space promotion And authorization center. We call that as in space Space authorization, especially focusing on non-governmental private entities to undertake space space activities So the primary objective of this is right now We have seen a lot of current affairs saying that space is being privatized So indias privatizing the space exploration on all those areas for that They have created this indian national space promotion and authorization center And in that non-governmental So non-governmental private entities So they can also be involved in space exploration and please understand this we can link with Ideas of our government like startup india So where the avenues are available for Eng minds to come out with the new ideas and which can be used in this space exploration also So that is the objective of this one Filey paragraph seven is regarding a psu is being created Especially in space dimension that is new space India limited. It's a new space india limited It's a new space india limited So they are going to own the launch vehicles and space assets of isro so to own launch vehicles and space assets space assets and So there'll be more demand-driven model where It can use the requirements and it can be this can be an assert Which can be used by private players also in future. That is a possibility based on user pay model They can go and launch where the things right now already in india. We have this Antrix corporation which is putting satellites into outer space So similarly right now they want to create a new psu especially to propel this into the next level So that is new space india limited Which owns launch vehicles and space assets Okay So that is regarding is through all this information of is through where we can use it if there is any question on technology and development Where we can use the idea of is through and also any question regarding india's Row india's role in development So role in development, especially by is through this specific a informations can be used technology and development is thrown development You can use all this information on any essay Regarding essay right now. We can see that world is fast propelling in technological era So what are the impact on india all these points can be used. Okay. That's the first news article So second news article is economic transformation. So how india has transformed since our independence, especially after 1950 so for that paragraph one paragraph two So in paragraph one We can see that our economic transformation is entirely based on soviet model So after independence our economic transformation and development was related based on soviet model, especially film and model So that is what is film and model basic ideas state led heavy industries slave slave led heavy industries So under this model of economic development based on Uses our experiences india behind to copy that idea That is state led heavy industries nothing but psus Which are more more focused on capital goods and Basic infrastructures a great example is you know bill bar at heavy electric limited So this is a good example. So that was the idea of film and model. So that is given in paragraph one So in paragraph two So they found out that soon this model has inefficiencies, correct? So inefficiencies inefficiency in the model We'll see what are those inefficiencies? So inefficient the inefficiency in the model, especially this film and model so because When you go for this capital goods that is state heavy State led heavy industries, especially focusing on capital goods Where we want to import lot of components because import Components is important because you want to build machines and all And that comes the necessity for having a foreign currency, especially dollars with that. So this act as a constraint for india So though the idea says that focusing on heavy industries and capital good industries But the basic requirement of certain components, especially if you want to import from other countries where you want to pay in dollars After independence, we don't so we don't have such money with this That clearly shows that this model is not a scalable one. Okay And apart from this We'll see the next one So apart from apart from this what happened is as this model was not Self-sufficient. It's not scalable. So ultimately what happened the year of 1962 and 65 where india went for war So that it wanted to commit it resources for war efforts rather than spending on our development objectives So that also put a heavy pressure on our development model. Okay And also there was a growing population. So population was growing very well. So growing population So you can see multiple factors were working in our development model. One is the model is not Full proof. It's not self-sufficient model where we depend upon foreign countries for imports for leading the industrial development Another thing is we have a 1962-65 war which already divert our resources And the other side is in society wise population is ever growing So all this put a immense pressure on the development Uh A model development perspective. So ultimately that resulted in growing population resulted in pl 480 program So this was very popular during the time where india went went with us to get Beat So that was pl 480 program. So that that we have in mind Our next thing is paragraph 2 So ultimately what happened in this five year five year plans is So five year plan as we know that we don't have foreign currencies for getting commodities from other countries So ultimately in five year plans government began to focus on restricting Scas in india So if you allow five private protection to focus on there will be a lot of consumption by this private companies Where government want to leave their foreign currency So I I think you're able to understand the idea behind this why government went for controlling private production and also nationalizing the private players So that comes what you call it as industrial licensing system. So industrial licensing system. So which gave Licensing to the private players how much they want to produce especially all this are primarily focused on So preserving foreign exchange preserving foreign exchange So preserving foreign exchange, okay So this all creates its own problem when we go for industrial licensing ultimately this becomes what we called as license ratch So license ratch. So what is the idea of license ratch is government will decide whom should be given the licenses ultimately there'll be a corruption and Where people with great influences can get the license from the government all this has negative impact on our development So that's the thing what we need to know License ratch was established by the government To minimize production from private place an ultimate objective of that is to Stop foreign exchange going outside of India So to avoid that they have been for this licensure and it has it has its own negative impact where we can see that People with great influences can get the licenses to manufacture and also corruption was involved in it That has any negative impact on development process that is given paragraph two So in paragraph three And the most important socialistic initiative in 1970s So socialistic initiative in 1970s one was So food grain food grains Wholesale was taken by the government So we can relate this with our reason forms law right now We can see government repeal three forms law and its origin related to 1970s Where government took took the trade of wholesale within its hands And that resulting in modern day era of Decoupling it so we have which was repealed because of political pressure that we can relate this and another one is regarding nationalization of banks bank nationalization So this was the Given in paragraph three and paragraph four Say again some unique problems india faced why development was hampered for india one is the era of 1971 where creation of bangladesh One of the reason for creation of bangladesh is it was putting immense pressure on indian resources At that time as prime minister indagand if really felt that Already india doesn't have required basic resources where because of refugee crisis from bangladesh It put a lot of pressures on indian system to settle the problem They thought that creation of a new country was the requirement Okay, so 1971 creation of bangladesh was another biggest thing and also increase in oil prices Increase in crude oil prices during the time So crude oil prices because that time you can see that It's not given here that time you can see that israel and gulf countries There is always that trouble going during that time also during that decade also They called as six day war Yam Kapoor war so all these were going there in gulf region That ultimately resulted in increasing oil prices all this put here immense pressure on indian system, especially india's development process Next paragraph one paragraph two and paragraph three So with this all this inconsistency in development that is in paragraph one with this inconsistency in development So inconsistency in development So a government behind to think this all happened in 1990s and government finally felt that okay, we need to go for A radical reform that was the year of 1991 So in 1991 what we call it as LPG era So liberalization privatization globalization era or put in other wits. We open the economy So until then it was considered to be a closed system and after 1991 we had to open the economy because the failure for last 40 or 50 years of our development Especially 40 years of our development, which clearly shows that the model was not correct and global factors also aided for it Disintegration of USSR and clearly shows the failure of socialistic model Ultimately resulting in 1991 going for LPG era that we called as open economy So that is given in paragraph one And next thing in paragraph two so ultimately we can see the impact once we went for this LPG era So first and foremost thing is related to Forex reserves So once we opened the economy India opened the economy for reserves of India climbed very well So that is from 5.8 billion so us dollar 5 billion To us dollar 38 billion US dollar 38 billion so within end of that decade you can see that Forex reserves climbing up very fast in India which clearly shows that India's development was properly growing in the right direction And where we are able to enjoy the benefits of globalization. So that is given in paragraph two in paragraph three so what in paragraph three they are saying is So even though this new policy radical reform was introduced successive governments began to take the advantage of these radical reforms No successive government want to retrace it back to socialistic era. So that is the point given in paragraph three, correct? And there is no policy reversals So after 1991 after 1991 no policy reversals politically No government want to change the policy of LPG because it is immensely benefiting our development process So they all the government clearly understood that this is the right policy for our India's development And ultimately after this 1991 it also the paragraph says there is an increase of FDA investments in India And this clearly shows that a new development model a new development paradigm happening in Indian system And especially there are greater outputs of productivity in communication increasing outputs In communication Because of all this LPG era and its FDA investments automobiles And consumer groups here in paragraph one. So paragraph one consumer goods So consumer goods and It's all because of private players Becoming the major producer of it. So that is given there and in paragraph two of this page paragraph two it relates to Foot grain production right now in India. We already saw a point that in 1960s and 70s as Especially in 1960s India's population was ever increasing We are not able to produce the required food grains and we win for this pl 480 program where we God weed from us So with that point if you compare in this paragraph two you can see that from 1960s Where India's food grain production was 19 million tons so by 1990s or Or end of 1990s or 2000s. We can see that our production increased to So 200 million 200 million tons. So which we can see a huge jump of Food grain production which clearly shows that we are self sufficient in our Food especially in India. We are able to achieve the food security Okay, and that is given in paragraph two and paragraph three and paragraph three relates with GDP factor and They say that after 1991 in GDP There are 50 45 to 50 percentage of GDP is based on trade Which clearly shows that India is taking the advantage of globalization factor and we are integrating with global level And we are going for export import a lot with global countries So trade contribute around 40 to 45 to 50 percentage of our GDP which includes agriculture Our manufacturing and services so all three combined and around 50 percentage is based on Trade and this clearly shows the balance of Indian economy That is another 50 percentage comes from domestic consumption So India has a balanced economy in that dimensions when we compare with china one of the biggest challenge for china is entire gdp is driven based on Export import trade and personal consumption is very small when compared with Indian economy in Indian economy there is a proper balance between Personal consumption that is domestic consumption along with trade. So that is given in paragraph three and paragraph four So regarding this gdp growth rate of Indian economy we can see that paragraph four So gdp growth rate general gdp growth rate. That is pre 1991 It was around three to four percentage which they popularly called as Hindu growth rate because of conservative mindset of Indian economy So after 1991 we can relate that our growth rate is around very close to double digit so So nine percentage eight to nine percentage gdp growth of Indian economy There are years where we can see that our economy touched double digit also So that clearly shows that after lpg era economies growth are very fast and it is creating a lot of opportunities for our Indians and especially creating in socio-economic development So that is in paragraph four in that they also said about agriculture contribution So agriculture aspect of gdp So pre 1991 So pre 1991 it's around 40 to 50 percentage. So after 1991 it is so around 15 percentage So what we can understand from this is in gdp contribution agriculture before 1991 was a major part around 50 percentage of Indian gdp Gross domestic product comes from agriculture And which clearly shows that Indian economy is dominated by agriculture agricultural economy But after 1991 that's contribution has reduced to 15 percentage. This clearly shows that Indian economy is maturing enough and moving from agriculture to manufacturing and services and especially service dominates a lot in our Indian economic system So this this clearly shows that It has opened up a lot of opportunities for Indian Indian people To increase the standard of living and also opportunity for a lot of businesses to focus on Providing products and services to Indian masses. Okay, so that is paragraph four Next thing is paragraph five. They have given some challenges out of it. So because of this so because of this Transformation radical reform in India after 1991 the biggest pressure is always on government So pressure on government because government as an institution is responsible for the transformation As agriculture led economy right now. We are moving to a service led economy that transformation is happening So this puts a lot of pressures on Indian system that we called as structural adjustment structural adjustment So under the structural adjustment that will always a social impact in the country And a great example is right now. We can see air India being privatized. All these are happening and it it's a it's a Understanding as a microscopic one which we can put for the entire economy There was a structural changes happening in Indian economy. So that puts a heavy pressure on the government That is one of the biggest thing was what we are seeing after 1991 reforms for the last two decades and especially we can see the Decreasing role of PSUs in economy. So decreasing role of PSUs in economy So this put a heavy pressure on the government. So that is the point they have given in paragraph five and paragraph six So regarding paragraph six another most important thing is The role of MSME sectors Still in our development process in industrial development or manufacturing MSME role is very limited that need to be enhanced So that that's the most important focus where Indian system need to focus on Because MSME is going to be the greatest employment generator and also Play a major role in export also. So they say that this is another area after 1991 Indian system need to focus on As we are moving from agricultural economy to service and manufacturing economy Still manufacturing large-scale companies are dominating that need to be Decentralized and go go to the level of MSME micro small and medium enterprises that is given in paragraph six Paragraph five six and seven is regarding challenges. So what are challenges Indian system is facing because of this Radical reform of 1991 so in paragraph seven So they are focusing more on agriculture dimensions. So we saw that agriculture's GDP contribution is reduced to 15 correct so agree GDP is around 15 percentage But the one disturbing factor in agriculture is regarding employment So right now it is said that around 50 percentage of Indians are employed in agriculture That's the point they have given 56 percentage population in rural areas And depending on agriculture as a basis of it. So employment is entirely dominated by agriculture So out of 100 employees in India 50 are concentrated in agriculture by their contribution is only 15 percentage Here you can see that Irony the difference is correct. So this puts a heavy pressure on the government. So so how government want to Transfer the people from agriculture to the Other parts of the economy either manufacturing or services. That is the reason we can see that right now government giving greater focus on Skill India making India tourism sector why government is giving greater trust on these areas and so they know that In agriculture the productivity is very less and outcome in agriculture for economy is very less So they want to transfer the people especially employees to the other aspects, correct So agriculture is not profitable and value addition and another biggest problem what they the article says is Even in agriculture Where they are not focusing on high value addition So even agriculture doesn't focus on Value never focus on value addition. So that creates a biggest pressure on our agriculture sector So value addition simple example is if a farmer is focusing on mango as a Crawl for him and the point is he is not thinking about how to convert this mango into mango pulp or mango juice That's called value addition. So that is not being done So if he has a mango orchard, he never focus on the other dimensions value addition never happens in agriculture There is also another challenge is what given in paragraph 7. So this is the second article economic transformation Next we go for role of media third one So role of media paragraph 1 paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 So paragraph 1 speaks about the history of media. This can be a plume's question UPSC the first news article was the first newspaper was Bengal Ghasar That was in the year of 1780 and the personality was James Augustus Haikey. So this was the personality behind this First newspaper in India Bengal Ghasar that is and they're published in Kolkata published in Kolkata So there's a factual information more problems oriented Our next thing is paragraph 2 Is especially regarding role of media. So what media need to do in our system? That's a primary thing. They are saying So first and foremost thing is regarding social consciousness So what is social consciousness is media as a platform which always Give information to the people and knock the conscience as people if something goes wrong in the system So people will get aware of what is happening around them and media has one such important platform for it to understand this importance of point We can see media reporting has transformed The perspective of an issue and people going for it. So that is called a social consciousness and Our next thing is they play a major role in awareness So major role in awareness in the society Awareness in the society. So these are different roles of media and why we call media as a Fourth pillar is because of all these things because of these roles. What media plays So awareness our next thing is media plays a role in public opinion creation of public opinion That is a Another one. So and also media acts as a communication tool So communication tool So between government and people So government and people So government and people and especially People's problem to communicate people's problem So all this we can put as a point for why media is called to be the fourth pillar of a democracy These are the important points why media is called as a fourth pillar of democracy And another most important another important aspect of this media role is to reflect the diversity of views And differences in issue So media is a platform where people from diverse background can say their opinion on that particular issues And ultimately that resulted in finding a consensus based decisions. So all these are the importance of media that is in this page page Para one para two Para five so in para one They say that 21st century So what we are right now is considered to be Century of internet and social media Century of internet and social media. So that is given in paragraph one and paragraph two So they have been according to a report social media usages in worldwide increase to 51 percentage of world population So social media uses 51 percentage of world population So 51 percentage of world population is using social media. That's a data being given and So they say that So social media connects around 37 crore people So connects the so it's always connecting people. That is information in a given even they have given that 12 people In social media every second So there's some factual information which we can use it for the importance of social media and its usage in global level And another most important factual information here is This this we can use it for our answer writing So data reportal So they have they have given a report So that's the name of the organization. They haven't given a report that users average spending time on social media. So users social media time is 2 hours And 22 minutes So in any given day an individual is going to use social media for 2 hours and 22 minutes Which clearly shows the potential of social media how to influence a common man life So these are the data's you can use it for your answer writing Any question regarding social media and its importance or if any question regarding the negatives of social media We can use all this information, correct? Where 51 percentage of world population is connected in social media and an average As it is an average an individual used 2 hours and 22 minutes for of social media in his life in each day And according to Cisco that is given in paragraph 3 Cisco is a global organization So right now smartphone is this regarding India specific. So India specific smartphone users Is around 83 million So 83 million people are using smartphones in India and In that facebook users So facebook users in India is around 300 million So 300 million people are using facebook and whatsapp 200 million You can draw a table column of this and use it for your answer wherever possible and twitter Is around 30 million So this is given by Cisco report in India Which clearly shows that how smartphone penetration is happening in India and it's ever increasing very fast And also facebook users and numbers are very high in India So we can see that how this social media platform has a huge influence on Indian society So that is given in paragraph 3 These are factual statement based on the requirement of the question you can use it Okay, either in positive dimensions or negative dimensions if there is any question How social media can be effectively used for India's development this fact you can use it as a substantiating Points for your answers or negative impact also you can say it like fake news isn't gone And so another that's in the next paragraph speaks about that. So they're a microsoft So microsoft has done a survey near of 2019 And what the survey says is So in India There are greater possibility of People using social media platforms getting influenced by fake news And they have said that 64 percentage of Indians Are impacted by this fake news The source of these are family members. There's another most problematic one So family members are the source of it How family members are the source of it is most of the time They are the people who forward the messages without checking the authenticity of the information That is the reason they say that the major contributor of fake news is our family members So that is given in paragraph 4 And paragraph 5 there's a term called post truth Especially after the emergence of social media in our world So that comes the importance of Post truth what are this post truth means that is given here It's a paragraph 1 So we are going to check beyond the truth So we need to ask what is post truth says is to differentiate what is falsehood and truth And what is idea of wrong and right And entail it's not based on understanding the facts and knowledge Most of the time the information what we reserve is not based on facts and knowledge It's more based on sentiments. This is what we called as post truth So so that is the point this term you can know noted down post truth So this is a new A term emerging in our world after this technological era and social media era That is beyond truth. So beyond truth and especially how Sentiments effects are Perception so that's a point the next thing is paragraph 2 So what are primary role of media is to enhance It's given as a point. It's a primary role of media is to enhance So intellectual Level in our society as intellectual level in the society So intellectual level in the society and this is more important for democracy So to strengthen democracy So media need to play this very active role of strengthening the intellectual level of the people What that results in strengthening the democracy and media have a very important role in it And finally the paragraph 3 says It's not only about self-rule. So self-rule need to transform into good rule There are terms given as Swaraj which need to be transformed into Surajya Surajya into Surajya So self-rule into good rule where media need to play an active role So all this information is what we see in this Yojana Which is more apt for our essay topics and any question regarding development We can use the topic regarding economic transformation And any question regarding role of technology in development we can relate with space. Okay. Thank you