 Cancer resistance is a complex phenomenon that arises from various factors, such as genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and micro-environmental influences. It is often characterized by decreased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in poor patient outcomes. A number of strategies have been developed to combat this problem, including identification of biomarkers that can predict drug response and resistance, development of new targeted drugs, and combination therapies targeting multiple signalling pathways. Additionally, research into modulating the tumor microenvironment, TME, has shown promise in reducing drug resistance. This article was authored by Zining Lei, Kinchian, Shoshu Teng, and others.