 The study aimed to assess the impact of consuming ultra-processed foods on the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2008-2009 Pesquisa de Orcamentos Familiars, POF. The sample consisted of 32,898 individuals aged 10 years or over. Food consumption was evaluated through two 24-hour food records and the consumed food items were classified into three groups, natural or minimally processed, processed, and ultra-processed. The results showed that the average daily energy consumption per capita was 1,866 kcal, with 69.5% being provided by natural or minimally processed foods, 9% by processed foods, and 21.5% by ultra-processed food. The nutritional profile of the fraction of ultra-processed food consumption showed higher energy density, higher overall fat content, higher saturated and trans-fat, higher levels of free sugar, and less fiber, protein, sodium, and potassium when compared to the fraction of consumption related to natural or minimally processed foods. The study highlights that greater inclusion of ultra-processed foods in the diet resulted in a general deterioration in the dietary nutritional profile. The indicators of the nutritional dietary profile of Brazilians who consumed less ultra-processed foods, with the exception of sodium, are closer to international recommendations for a healthy diet. The results support the recommendation of avoiding the consumption of these kinds of foods. This article was authored by Maria Laura de Costa-Lizada, Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins, Daniela Silva Canella, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.