 I'm James Watson, I'm working here as a post-doc with Nick White in the clinical therapeutics unit, working on malaria mostly and drug pharmacokinetics. There are two types of malaria, falsobrym and vivax, and falsobrym is the better known one and it's spread across Africa. Vivax, there isn't much of vivax in Africa but it's predominantly in Asia where it's more than half the malaria and it counts for maybe 15 million cases per year. Malaria gives you a fever and the primary fever you treat exactly the same way for falsobrym and vivax. However, vivax has a characteristic of relapsing and you have these hidden parasites in your liver that come out and give you a new illness every three or four weeks. And there's only one drug that cleans your liver and stops these relapses which is Primerquin. The problem with Primerquin is that it causes anemia in people with a genetic deficiency called G6PD deficiency and this is the most common deficiency in the world and so you can't give Primerquin to lots of people. Primerquin destroys the older rather than the young red blood cells and we believe that it's possible by giving Primerquin over a slightly longer duration, so three weeks instead of two weeks, and starting with low doses and then slowly escalating the dose over time that it's possible to do something that's similar to controlled burning where you start off and you burn a little bit but that stops dangerous anemia in a patient and it gives a bone marrow time to respond and make new younger red blood cells that are resistant to this toxic effect of Primerquin. The most important new research that's been done is a drug called Tefennequin developed by GSK and this is exactly the same as Primerquin and it has the same toxic side effects except that you can give it as one single dose. This is an important progress because Primerquin you have to take over two weeks and lots of people don't finish their treatment and therefore don't cure themselves of these relapsing infections. This research started off as a project trying to understand the dynamics of red blood cells and how this drug Primerquin destroys red blood cells and then we've transformed that into a new regimen that we could possibly give to GSXPD deficient patients. In Asia we think that there are millions of people who are GSXPD deficient and who can't take Primerquin and so these people would directly benefit from a new regimen that would be safe. We have ethical approval to try this new regimen of Primerquin in healthy volunteers and we're starting this in the next few months and this hopefully should enroll about 20 patients and we'll see, it'll be a sort of proof of concept of whether this idea works or not.