 Welcome learners, this is the second video lecture of unit 1 that is Introduction to Research. So, in this video lecture I will be discussing two points, one is your process of research and another one is features of a good research study. So, as in my earlier video lectures, I have highlighted the process of research, basically the process of research consists of six steps, first is your defining the problem, then developing an approach to the problem and then formulating a research design. Then after formulation of the research design, we will collect the data and then next step is your analyzing the data and last stage of this research process is preparation of the report. So, let us start these steps one by one, first are like defining the problem, so in defining the problem, the researchers should take into account the purpose of the study, the relevant background information, the information needed for this study and how it will be used by managers in making decisions, so first they will identify what is the problem which they are going to study. Then the second is, second step is development of an approach to the problem, it consists of formulating an analytical framework and models and research questions and hypothesis and identifying the information needed. So, once like we have defined a problem, next we will try to prepare the analytical framework for this problem, like how we are going to solve this problem, what will be our hypothesis, what models we are going to use, all these decisions we will take in the step two. Then step three is formulating a research design, generally we call this formulation of research design as a blueprint of a study or blueprint of a research, that means here we will give a formal structure to the research, so its purpose is to design a study that will test the hypothesis of interest, then determine possible answers to the research questions and provide the information needed by managers for making decisions. Then determining the types of research to be conducted, defining the variables precisely and designing appropriate scales to measure them are also part of this research design. The issues of how the data should be obtained are from the respondents, all these things we will discuss under formulation of research design. So, in formulation of research design we can either decide whether we will go for qualitative research or whether we are going for quantitative research, so both these qualitative and quantitative research has got advantages and disadvantages, so we need to check with which one will be more convenient for us. Suppose like we want to do survey for our research, then the researcher can use variety of survey methods, suppose they can use telephonic survey, mail intercept survey or may be like internet, nowadays through whatsapp, every like there are many devices through which they can do survey, so suppose you have decided one of particular survey methods, then your next step will be questionnaire design, so what type of questionnaire you are going to design, generally we use some demographic information, then we use like in our questionnaire whatever like product or services related questions will be there that we put in our questionnaire, always remember like the simpler the questions are, it will be more clearer for the respondent to reply, so questions should be very easy to understand and most of the questions we need to put in closed ended, like people do not have much time, so instead of explaining all the answers what they will prefer to do, just take it, like yes, no or like strongly agree, disagree in different 5.7 point all this lack of scales, so questionnaire designing is again another important factor for like preparing the research design, next we need to decide sampling design, like what type of sampling method we are going to use for our study, so all these things we will get in later units of your book, when I will be explaining again all these things in detail, so here under formulation of research design, we need to decide what type of research we are going to do, whether qualitative or quantitative, then what survey methods we are going to use, then we need to design the questionnaire and then we need to decide what type of sampling design we are going to do for this study, then the fourth step is doing the field work or collecting the data, field work or data collection involves a field force or a staff, like which will go to the field and collect the information from the respondents, so nowadays instead of going physically to the field, we also collect data through with the help of internet, like through email or maybe Google form or maybe like through WhatsApp or any kind of form we can collect the data, so once suppose we have collected the data, then what will be the next step, the step 5 is analyzing the data, so data preparation involves adequately preparing the data for analysis, each questionnaire or observation form is inspected or edited and if necessary corrected for any errors, number of later codes are assigned to represent each response to its sections, so under analyzing the data what we will do, whatever information we have collected from the field we will edit it, like some respondents they may not fill all the questionnaires, maybe 30% of the questionnaire they have filled up and 70% they left blank, so what we will do, we will just delete those informations like those respondents, so we need to under editing we need to check whether the respondents have properly filled up the questionnaire or not, which responses we can collect or like where there are many errors, those responses we will just neglect, then what we will do, we will check the validity and reliability of this data and if these data are like valid and reliable for our study, then we will analyze the data with the help of different statistical tools, and then the last step is preparing and presentation of the report, the entire project should be documented in a written report that addresses the research questions, described the approach, the research design, data collection and the data analysis procedure, and present the result and the major findings, so the data findings should be represented in a comprehensive format and like we put different tables, figures, graphs etc, whichever is necessary for this particular study, so let me explain these steps in the other gist, first what we will do, we will define the research problem, then we will develop an approach to the problem, after that we will design a research we will formulate a research design, then once everything is specific, then we will go to the field for data collection and once data is collected, we will check for the reliability and validity of the data and then based on that we will analyze the data and once data analysis is completed, we will prepare a report for our study, then we will go to the second part of this video lecture, that is whether the features of a good research study, when we talk about research, research means like searching for the facts, searching for like replies to the various queries and also for the solutions to the various problems, so while we are going to searching for the facts and figures, so we need to be ethical, like some researcher what they do instead of going to the field, they will manipulate the data, so instead of doing such things, when we are going to do a good research, we need to be ethical towards our research, then research should be in a systematic nature, systematic nature means whatever steps I have said, like we should not skip any of the step, we should go from one step to another, then it should be logical, so when I say it should be logical, that means like whatever study we are going to conduct, like any organization is going to conduct, it should be within the capacity of the organization, so suppose instead of going for census, the organizations prefer to go for the survey, sample survey, why? Because census will be much more costlier compared to the sample survey, then it should be empirical and replicable in nature, so suppose someone has already done a study in a particular field, so instead of doing same study in the same field, we need to do different study in different field, then it should be according to the plan, then it should be according to the rules and assumptions, should not be based on the false basis or judgment, and this study should be free from biasness, and it should be relevant to what is required for our study, so that's all about these features of a good research study, hope you have understood this video lecture, and I have put here some of the references, you can go through it, thank you.