 Hello, I'm Dr. Mingtesh Reddy, consultant vascular and endovascular surgeon at Manipala Hospital. Today, let's talk about the varicose veins. What are the varicose veins? Varicose veins are elongated, dilated, torches in the leg. So, why it happens? Well, that's because of the most common females who stand for long hours and during pregnancy starts and come in the hereditary. So, what are the symptoms present to us with her? Most of her comes with swelling, pain, dilated veins, heaviness, itching. Some patients present with bleeding and pigmentation. End with the last stage is alteration. So, how to diagnose that one? One is clinical examination. Secondly, the ultrasound duplex scan is diagnosed with varicose veins. So, what are the treatment options available? See, there are two procedures. One is the open surgery, other one is endovascular procedures. In the open surgery, nowadays we do very rarely, but we do it in some way where we can't do the endovascular procedure. Still, that is a treatment of choice. These are called thermal and non-thermal. In thermal, it's called laser and radiofrequency ablation. In non-thermal, there is mocha and venosil closure devices. All these procedures are done under most of the times in the local anesthesia or some regional anesthesia. It's a daycare procedure. The patient presents to us in the come-to-the-morning. They'll have the procedure. The percutin is under ultrasound guide. We'll do the puncture the vein and pass the fiber inside the vein and we'll ablate from just five centimeters below from SF junction to all the way down. For the perforator veins, we do give what you call foam sclerotherapy and we'll ablate the closed perforators. It's a simple procedure where it can be done under local anesthesia and the patient stays in the hospital for a few four to six hours of procedure and gets discharged in the evening. So, in the post-procedure, the patient can get back to his work after 24 hours of the procedure and then they'll put them in compression stocking and they can live their normal life. This is a very effective procedure nowadays. We do it all as a daycare procedure. Thank you all.