 Okay, good morning again everyone, I hope you're excited this morning to join class, where you're able to go through what we did in the first class, were you able to look at your notes, were you able to go through what we did in class one, yes, no, no response, which means you didn't have the time to go through, no worries, but it would just be nice if you could, you know, look through your notes, just brush through before you attend the next class. So, you know, if you have any doubts, you can ask and also there'll be a good connectivity you'll be able to understand. Before we begin today's class, can I ask somebody to lead us in prayer, please? Can somebody pray this morning? Anyone would like to lead us in prayer? Okay, thank you. Siddiqui Robert, you can go ahead. Father, we come to the throne of grace, thank you for the day, the new day of the blessed Lord. Lord, as we are going to study from your word, Lord, whatever we are going to study about your doctrines, Lord, deal with us and Lord teach us, Lord, we need your wisdom to understand all the things, Lord, all your secrets, Lord. Lord, whatever we will be studying, Lord, it should be stored in our heart and it should be used and should be manifested in our daily lives, Lord. The way we walk, the way we do everything, Lord, the Godly character we should display, Lord. In Jesus' name, we pray, amen. Amen. Thank you, Robert. Okay, so last week, the last, sorry, the last class, we looked at what is theology. We said theology is derived from two words, theos, meaning God and logia, meaning a sayings or utterance or theology is the study or teaching or the utterance about God. And then we looked at the definition of systematic theology, which is very simple, which basically is the study or the answer to the question, what does the whole Bible teach us about a specific topic? Okay, so any topic or any doctrine you like to study, you know, you look at the entire Bible to see what the entire Bible in its wholeness is talking about that specific topic. Then we looked at what is doctrine. So we basically said doctrine is what, you know, is what somebody basically believes, something that somebody has believed and understood and taught that to somebody else. And so in systematic theology, doctrine is what the whole Bible teaches us with prayer, with humility, with reason, you know, with help from others, and also in praise and in worship. We looked at the prominent biblical doctrines. We just went through that. And then we went on to chapter one where we studied the doctrine of God, sorry, the doctrine of the word of God. And we said that this phrase, the word of God has several different meanings in the Bible. And we looked at one meaning, the first one that is the word of God as a person that is Jesus Christ. So the Bible refers to the Son of God, who is Jesus Christ, as the word of God. And we also saw that the word of God is referred to as the speech of God in the Bible. And under this point, the speech of God, we said that it would be a decree of God. A decree is an announcement, a judgment, a declaration that God makes. And we also learned that the word of God is powerful. Whatever God decrees, whatever God speaks, whatever God declares, that will come into existence, that will come into being. So God's word is powerful and the creative words from God is often called God's decrees. And we saw the example in Genesis chapter one, verse three. The second thing under this point that the word of God is a speech of God, we said that God's word, you know, is a personal address. Okay, can also mean God's word, can also mean a personal address, which means God is directly communicating to a person, a man or a woman, a child, a youth. You know, he's communicating what he wants to tell them in a way they will understand the language that they will understand. So these are God's word of personal address. And we saw one example in Genesis chapter two, verses 16 to 17, where we saw God speaking to Adam and Eve. And he commanded them that they can eat from any tree in the garden, but not from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. And if they eat from it, they will surely die. So this is what we, you know, looked at in the first class. This is a short recap. And now going forward, the word of God, which is also the speech of God, can also, you know, be something that like a personal address when he's giving laws and commandments to his people. We read in Exodus chapter 20, verses one to three, and God spoke all these words saying, and then he lists out all the commandments to Moses. So this is God speaking the commandments to Moses. And, you know, which he passes on to the people of Israel. Okay, so that is God's decrees. The third thing under God's speech, the first thing we saw was God decrees. Second thing is God's personal address. The third thing is that God's word as speech is through human lips. God putting his words in the mouth of his people, which he wants to communicate his message or his laws, his commandments, or what he wants to say, or even his judgments. He puts his word into the mouths of people. We read in Deuteronomy chapter 18, verses 18 to 20. God is saying here that he will raise a prophet and he will put his words and God says, I will put my words in his mouth and he shall speak all of them that I commit him to speak. Okay, so here God is saying that he will put his words in the mouths of the prophets that he wants to speak through them and he will command them to speak those words. Okay, in Jeremiah chapter 1 verse 9, can somebody turn to Jeremiah chapter 1 verse 9 and somebody else to Numbers chapter 22 verse 38. And can somebody read Jeremiah chapter 1 verse 9 and somebody else can read Numbers chapter 22 verse 38. Anyone can read Jeremiah chapter 1 verse 9. Okay, Jeremiah said, then the Lord put forth his hand and touched my mouth and the Lord said to me, behold, I have put my words in your mouth. So Jeremiah here is testifying to the fact or he's sharing that, you know, God touched his mouth and God put his words in his mouth and that is what he is going to share or that is what he is going to tell the people. Numbers chapter 22 verse 38, has anyone opened to that? Numbers chapter 22 verse 38. And Balaam said to Balak, look, go ahead Rosalind. And Balaam said to Balak, look, I have come to you, now have I any power at all to say anything, the word that God puts in my mouth that I must speak. Thank you. So here Balam is saying to Balak that, you know, that he cannot speak anything other than what God has put in his mouth. He says God has already put the words in his mouth. So when he's going to open his mouth, all he can speak is not what Balak is asking him or requesting him or, you know, going to pay him for, but he can only say what God has put in his mouth. So here God's word can also mean speech through human lips. God basically putting his words in the mouth of his people that he wants to communicate to others or he wants to pass on to others. The fourth thing is we see in God's word that God's word is in written form as well. So God's word is written form in the Bible. So we are looking at, you know, various meanings that God's word means in the Bible. We said God's word means the speech of God. We said that God's word is, you know, the person that is Jesus Christ and God's word is also in written form. Okay. So in written form means that God himself is writing the laws. We read this in a couple of scripture passages in Exodus. Exodus chapter 31 was 18. Exodus chapter 32 was 16. And Exodus chapter 34 versus 1 and 28. In all of these passages, you know, it's talking about God giving the laws, the commandments to Moses. And in Exodus chapter 31 was 18. God is saying here that, you know, we read that after God finishes speaking to Moses at Mount Sinai, he gave him the two tablets of stone written with the finger of God. That means God himself wrote those, you know, commandments engraved it on the stone. In Exodus chapter 32 was 16. It says that, you know, the tablets where the work of God and the writing was the writing of God engraved on the tablets. And in Exodus chapter 34 versus 1 to 28, it says the Lord said to Moses cut two tablets of stone like the first ones that he had cut. And then God says, I will write on these tablets the words that were on the first tablet, which you broke. Okay. So here we see that words of God is also, you know, words that was written by God in written form God himself writing the laws. Now Moses also writes God's word and we read this in Deuteronomy chapter 31 versus 9 to 13 and versus 24 to 26. Now, we'll not be able to go through all of the scripture passages in class. I would encourage you to take some time to go through your notes to look at all these passages so that you can be benefited and, you know, learn much better. Okay. The first one is where Moses writes God's word. Second one, we also see that Joshua writes God's word. We read about this in Joshua chapter 24 versus 26. Now in Isaiah chapter 30 versus 8 and Jeremiah chapter 30 versus 2, you know, Isaiah and Jeremiah say that, you know, they are being told to write God's word. Now God tells them, communicates them, you know, what he wants the people to know or what the message that he wants to communicate to the others. And Isaiah and Jeremiah say that, you know, they're being told to write God's word. In 1 Corinthians chapter 14 verse 37, Paul is writing the command of the Lord. Paul saying, I'm writing to you the command of the Lord. That means what he's heard, what the Lord has commanded him that he's writing to the church at Corinth. Okay. So even as we see that, you know, Moses, Joshua, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Paul are all writing down what God has communicated to them. You know, we still have to consider these as God's word, even though it has been written by human beings and in human language. Okay. So it's God communicating through human beings and it is they writing it, you know, in their own cultural setting, their whole historical setting with their own style of writing and in their own human understanding and language. But even though we see that it's human writing in their own language, but it is still considered to be God's word. And that is why, you know, we say that the Bible is a divine revelation. Now, what do we learn from all of these points that I've just mentioned is that the Bible is a divine revelation. Now, what is revelation? How can you define revelation? Anyone would like to see what is your understanding of revelation? What does revelation mean? Revelation could be what it applies to our life as in God speaks. Okay. Basically what God is speaking, but it's relevant in your life, relevant in your situation, relevant at the point of time of history that you are in. Okay. Anyone else? It is an exposure. You said it's an exposure? Yes. Okay. Okay. Thank you, Paul. Yes, Siddhu. Ma'am, I think that the meaning of revelation, which I think personally is that something which is in secret, it is made known to us. Okay. Thank you. Okay. Thank you all. So, yes, go ahead. Abu, how do we pronounce your name? Abu Bakr. Bakr. Okay. Abu Bakr. Sorry. Yes. It's a way of knowing mystery things, to know the mind of God, to know the will of God for our life. Okay. To know the will of God, to know the mind of God. Okay. Thank you. Now, some of these things that I'm mentioning in class today is not there in your notes, so if you can just follow and throw your notes and you just want to make in your own notes, you're welcome to do so. So, revelation can be defined as an act of God, whereby he discloses himself or communicates truth to the mind, whereby he manifests himself to creation. That which could not be known in any other way. I'll just repeat that again. So, revelation is basically an act of God, where he discloses himself or communicates the truth to the mind, whereby he makes himself known or he manifests himself. Manifests means he makes himself known to his creation, to his creatures, to humans, that which could not be known in any other way. Now, this revelation may occur in a single instantaneous act, or it may extend to a long period of time. Okay. And this communication of him and his truth may be perceived by the human mind in various degrees of fullness. So, it's not just something that happens at, it can happen just at one instantaneous moment, but it can also happen through a period of time where God is revealing himself, making known the truth which otherwise is not known. And this is something that can be perceived by the human mind in varying degrees of fullness. Okay. Now, the important emphasis in revelation or this word revelation is that God discloses truth about himself that man would not know otherwise. Okay. So, in the border term of this term, use of this term revelation, it basically signifies that God discloses himself through creation, through history, man's conscience, and through scripture. Okay. So, it's given both in event and in word. So, event is through history, through his creation, through that how God discloses himself or reveals himself to the conscience of man, or it can be even through scripture. So, it's given both in event and in word. Okay. So, we see that revelation is both general where God is revealing himself through history and through creation or through his nature. And it can also be special where God is revealing himself through his word that is to scripture and through his son. So, we see revelation is both general and special general because it can, God is revealing himself through history, God is revealing himself through his nature. And it's also special because God is revealing himself through his word scripture and through his son. Okay. So, that is why we say that Bible is of a divine origin or it's a divine revelation, even though it's written by humans, their own way of understanding and through their language. Okay. Now, we see that the Bible is, has a divine origin. You know, some 3800 times in the Bible, it declares God said, or does says the Lord. So, there's some 3800 times in the Bible where there is a declaration that says God said, or does says the Lord. And there are various scripture passages that prove this. And the Bible we see that was, was written by 40 different authors through a varied period of time that is 1500 years in different locations under various different circumstances. By different people who never even met each other because they said it is through a period of time that is more than 1500 years. And but we see that irrespective of this time span and 40 different authors who wrote at different times in history, some never even met each other. But yet we see that, you know, the Bible is one whole, it's a unified whole. Okay. There are no contradictions. There are no inconsistencies within its pages. And so how can we explain this? How can we say that even though the Bible was written by 40 different authors through a whole time span of 1500 years in different points in history, different circumstances, different situations. Yet there is no contradictions. There is no inconsistencies. It is one unified whole. Now, how can we explain this? Anyone would like to answer? How can we explain this? Who do you think is the main author then? Holy Spirit. Thank you, Paul. It's the Holy Spirit. So that's the Holy Spirit is the unifier of the 66 books. And he determines the harmonious consistency and the unified wholeness that is there in the Bible. So it's apparent that no human being or no human beings could have orchestrated this harmony, this perfect unity that is there running through the entire scripture. But it's the divine authority or it's the divine authorship of the Bible that is the Holy Spirit, which is the answer to it being one unified whole. Okay. So even though the Bible is God's word, God's own words written down mostly by human beings in human language, but it is absolutely authoritative. Now, what do I mean when I say it's absolutely authoritative? It's reliable and it's trustworthy and it's absolutely true. Why? Because it is inspired by God or it's, it's God breed. And how do we know this? Which scripture reference says that God's word is inspired or God breed? Second Timothy 316. Thank you, John. Second Timothy 316 says all scripture is given by inspiration of God and it's profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness. So here you see that all scripture is given by inspiration of God. Inspiration is very, very necessary to preserve the revelation of God. If God has revealed himself, but this record of that revelation is not accurately recorded, then the revelation of God is subject to question. So why are we saying that, you know, it's not a recorded exactly because it is through a human beings. It is how the human, the person has understood, has perceived it and how the person is writing. So we're saying that, you know, inspiration is very, very necessary because even though it is, the Bible has the word of God, it's a revelation of God. And if this, if God has revealed himself, but this record of this revelation is not accurately recorded, then this revelation of God is subject to question. And so inspiration is very, very important when we're talking about inspiration. We're talking about the Holy Spirit, you know, inspiring the authors to write exactly what they heard or what God revealed to them. So hence we see that inspiration guarantees the accuracy of the revelation that is written by humans through their heads. Okay, so what is inspiration? Okay, inspiration can be defined as the Holy Spirit, super intending. That means the Holy Spirit directing the Holy Spirit controlling or having a control over the writers. So that while they are writing or recording what they heard, what God revealed to them in their own style, their own personalities, the result was exactly what God had revealed to them. It was God's word written or God's word revealed to them exactly and hence it is authoritative, hence it is trustworthy and it's free from error, from any kind of error in the original autographs. Okay, any questions thus far? Any doubts, anything you all didn't understand? You want me to explain again? Okay, so just say that again. We're saying that, you know, God revealed, you know, or made known things that was not formally known to people. And he reveals things that he wants his people to know and he does this through human beings. And so when God reveals it, it's actually and he's telling them to write it down. It's the human being with their own personality, their style and what they've understood and what they've perceived, they're writing God's revelation. Now if they write it and, you know, the record of that revelation is not accurately recorded, then, you know, the whole revelation of God or the whole Bible is subject to question or to doubt. Okay, so we see that inspiration guarantees the accuracy of the revelation. And we said that inspiration is basically the Holy Spirit's superintending that means directing, controlling or having a control over the writers so that they're exactly recording or writing what God has revealed to them, even though they're writing it in their own style and personality, the result is God's word that is written which is authoritative, which is trustworthy, and which is free from any kind of error. Okay, so this brings us to the next topic of canon. Okay, the canonization of scripture. Okay, I'll explain to you what is the meaning of canon or canon and what is the meaning of canonization of scripture. Okay, so if the scriptures are inspired by God, you know, then a significant question arises, which books are inspired and which books are not inspired. Okay, so how do we know that all of the 66 books in the Bible are actually inspired by God, and it's written by authors who have received the revelation and have been inspired by God or that means the Holy Spirit has enabled them. Why are the other books that were written during this time? Why are they not in the Bible? So who made the decision? What was the criteria used to see whether all of these 66 books should be in the Bible or not? Okay, so we look at that in the canon of scripture. Okay, so historically it's important for the people of God to determine which books God had inspired and which were recognized as authoritative. Now, this thing brought about the canonization of scripture. Now, this word canon is used to describe the inspired books. This word comes from the Greek, which is canon, K-A-N-O-N, or also from the Hebrew word, which is kana, which is Q-A-N-A-H, which is basically meaning a measuring rod, okay, or a measuring stick. In terms that canon and canonical thus came to signify the standards by which certain books, the books of the Bible were measured to determine whether or not they were inspired by God and if they should be in the Bible. So basically it's like a measuring stick or a ruler that we use to measure something, to find the accuracy of it. And so this whole canonization of scripture came about to just bring about a measuring stick, a standard to use to see which books should be in the Bible and which shouldn't be. Okay, so we see that even though these things were set up by people, the canonization of scripture, it is not the religious councils, not at any point of time. It was not the religious councils that had the power to determine which books should be in the Bible, which shouldn't be, which books were inspired and which books were not. Rather it's simply recognized that within, that within God, what God had inspired for the exact moment it was written by the authors. So how can we say that, you know, they knew which was inspired or not because these books were already recognized as authoritative. Why? Because it was spoken through prophets. It was spoken through people whom at that point in time in history, the people around them recognized these people as prophets, recognized them as priests, recognized them as scribes, or people who, you know, God revealed through them. Okay, so even as these people wrote, the authors in the Bible wrote, they were already considered as authoritative. The words were considered as authoritative because the people around them already recognized them as authoritative figures because they knew that God was speaking to them because what they were speaking came about. You know, they heard God speaking to them. They knew that God had chosen them as leaders, as prophets and as priests. So these books were already recognized as inspired by God because it was spoken through his people that he had chosen. And it was not by some religious councils that came up later who sat down and, you know, put things into shape or form to determine which books were inspired or not. So we cannot say that even though that there were some religious councils that met at Nicaea, at Constantinople, and all of those places, you know, though these councils happened, but these councils really did not determine, you know, which are the books that needs to go in the Bible. So it's the Jews, the early Jews and the, you know, traditional Christians that recognized the 39 books of the Old Testament as inspired. And it was the evangelical Protestants that recognized the 27 books of the New Testament as inspired. So it was, these books were considered as inspired, not based on some religious councils that met and, you know, put down a measuring stick or a measuring rod to measure which was inspired or not. But it was already recognized as inspired, word of God inspired scripture by the people in that time of history because they recognized these prophets, their priests or their leaders as God chosen and hence they speaking God's word or God communicating to them and, you know, they teaching the people of Israel or the people who were there at that time. Any questions so far? Any questions? One question, Pasha. So why is it that maybe through the traditions that we have learned, we have heard the Nicene, another council came up and they decided on... Pasha, can you hear me? Yeah, a little better. Okay. Pasha, my question was why through the history that we have learned that it was through a council, was there a council for the determination of canon or is it inspired only through God? So we're saying that, you know, yes, there were people who came around, you know, to consider, you know, which books were inspired, which books were not. But I'm saying that it was not they who determined whether it was, you know, kind of inspired books because they already considered it as inspired books because of the person who was speaking and the people at that time who recognized, you know, that they were prophets or teachers or scribes or priests. And so it was already considered as authoritative. They just, you know, took it and, you know, just determined that these are the books that were there as a unified whole in the Bible. If you go through the Old Testament canon and the New Testament canon and we see the criteria, then you'll see that, you know, which were the books that were inspired, which books were considered to be in the Bible, which books were not and why they were not considered, then you'll have a better understanding. Sure. Thank you. So what we're saying really is that the religious councils at no point of time had any power to cause books to be inspired. Okay, like there were other books that are not included in the Bible. Okay, they could have chosen those books and said those books are inspired by God and brought in the Bible. And these councils, you know, had no power or had, you know, at any point of time to cause books to be inspired. That is what we are saying. Did you understand now? Yes, thank you. So they had no power to cause books to be inspired. They already considered the books that were inspired to be part of the Bible. Because of what I said, you know, they were taught by people who are prophets and priests and teachers and the people around them already had acknowledged them as leaders, as men, women of God. And, you know, hence they were declaring the revelation of God and hence that whole thing that they had written was inspired by God. Is somebody else had a question? Yeah, and I have. Yeah, sure. Yeah, just think about this religious council. How was this constituted? By who was this council's constituted? Okay, so these religious councils basically came up at different times or different points in history to confront or, you know, the false teachings or false declarations that were made against, you know, the Bible or against teachings of the Bible, doctrines that were false doctrines. So these various councils came about at various point of time in history to defend the truth in God's word or to defend the right theology, even about the Son of God. And hence these councils came about and that's when they made creeds, like the Nicene Creed, the Apostolic Creed and all of those creeds. They made it just to, you know, to consolidate or to lay down basic truths that we as Christians believe which are against the wrong teachings or the false doctrines that were prevalent at that time. Did I answer your question? Yeah, I think I'm okay with that. Thank you. Okay, thank you. So we look at the Old Testament, how the canonization of the Old Testament, basically how the books in the Old Testament came into being, how it was formulated, and what was the criteria used to, you know, see whether these books were inspired and whether they should be in the Bible. Now the earliest collections of the written Word of God is the Ten Commandments and we know that it was, and I just said earlier in the class that it was written by God Himself at the finger of God. Okay. And these two tablets that God gave Moses, he was put in the Ark of the Covenant. We read this in Deuteronomy chapter 10, verse 5. And we see that, you know, this was the first basic writing and there was more added to these two tablets. So Moses wrote additional words and he asked the priest to deposit it beside the Ark of the Covenant. And we read this in Deuteronomy chapter 31, verses 24 to 26. It says that when Moses had completed writing the words of this law in a book, when he had finished it, Moses commanded the Levites who bore the Ark of the Covenant saying, take this book of the law and put it beside the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord, your God that it may be there as a witness against you. And of course God wrote those two tablets. They put it in the Ark of the Covenant and then there were not just Ten Commandments that God gave Moses. You know, it says that there are 613 laws that God gave Moses, which he wrote them all down and he gave it to the priest to keep it beside the Ark of the Covenant. Now to this, Joshua added, we read this in Joshua chapter 24, verse 26, then Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God. So he adds more. Now God had earlier given a command to Moses that you shall not add to the word which I command you, nor take from it that you may keep the commandments of the Lord, your God, which I command you. So now for Joshua to add to what Moses had written, you know, if he should have been convinced that he was not taking it upon himself to write something that he thought he heard or he wanted to write, but it was the very words of God and God himself authorizing him to write it. Now later after Moses wrote and Joshua wrote and we see that there were others who were in the office of a prophet or a priest or a leader. They wrote down additional words that they received from God and it was added in. We read in 1 Samuel chapter 10 verse 25 that, you know, Samuel writes down the rights and the duties of kingship. And we see that every king when he comes into his position as a king is supposed to read all of these rules and laws and the things that he has to do as a king. In 2 Chronicles chapter 26 verse 22, we see a reference to Isaiah writing about Uzair. So we see that more and more people were adding to the content that was already there. In Jeremiah chapter 30 verse 2, God instructing Jeremiah to write down his words. And I said earlier also that God tells Isaiah to write down what he has spoken to him. So we see this way the content of the Old Testament canon continued to grow till the end of the writing process with the book of Malachi which is around 435 BC. We'll just end this class. I just list out. It's not there in your notes so you can take it down if you want. Just some specific tests that were considered, you know, which books should be in the Old Testament or the canonical books of the Old Testament. The first thing they looked at was did the book indicate divine authorship? Okay, was the person chosen by God as a priest, as a prophet, as a leader? The second thing is did it reflect God speaking through a mediator? You know, that's why I said people recognize them because they knew that God was speaking to this person. So did it reflect God speaking through a mediator? The third thing was that was the human author a spokesman of God? Okay, did God choose him? Was he speaking for God? Was God revealing things through him? The next thing is was he a prophet or did he have the prophetic gift? Okay, that's quite evident because when they speak, you know, God's word is powerful, is creative. I said in the beginning and last class as well that, you know, it happens, whatever God speaks, it happens. So people were able to see it and testify, yes, this is a prophet and this is a man that God is speaking through. The next thing is was the book historically accurate? Now, when writing all of these revelations or these people were recording it, is that historical accuracy? The next thing is did it reflect a record of actual facts? Okay, did it record the actual facts, the actual events that were happening at that time? The last thing is how was the book received by the Jews? How was this book received by the people? I'll repeat that again. What would a specific test to consider the canonicity of the books of the Old Testament? The first thing is the book indicate divine authorship. The second thing is did it reflect God speaking through a mediator? The third was a human authored a spokesman of God. The fourth is was he a prophet or did he have a prophetic gift? The fifth was the book historically accurate? The sixth, did it reflect a record of actual facts? The seventh is how was the book received by the Jews? Okay, so these are the seven things that were used to determine the inspiration or the accuracy of the books in the Old Testament. And so in summary, the books of the Old Testament were divinely inspired and considered as authoritative the moment they were written, the moment that it was written. Why? Because the people at that time recognized the writers as spokesmen of God or somebody who was a prophet, somebody who God spoke through. Okay, so finally there was a collection of these books into a canon and the Jewish literature that was prevalent around this time, outside the Old Testament, the Romanical literature and other Jewish historians at that point of time testified to the fact that there is no more writings that are treated as the word of God after 435 BC. So it was not just the people at that time, but also people who wrote many Jewish literature outside the Old Testament books, rabbinical literature written by rabbis and also Jewish historians who are living at that time, they testified to this fact that there are no more books that were written that considered to be inspired that had to be in the Bible after 435 BC. Okay, I'll stop here. Any questions? Was it clear where you're able to understand? Yes, no? Yes, Pastor. Okay, go ahead, John, you have to say something. I was saying it is clear. Oh, okay. Okay, thank you everyone. Sorry for the delay in starting today's class. Have a good day and a blessed weekend and I'll see you next week. And please take some time to read your notes so that if you have any doubts, you can ask that next class. Thank you everyone. See you all. Bye. Thank you, Ma. Thank you, Ma. Thank you.