 Hello everybody and welcome to the class. Well, in our previous classes, we have been doing adjectives so far. So, we have done i adjectives and nai adjectives. How to use adjectives with nouns? Some new vocabulary, lot of new kanji characters. So, today also we will continue with adjectives and we will learn some new characters, stroke order of those characters, lot of vocabulary and how to say what we have done earlier in different ways. So, well, we will begin now, but before that as I always do, we will go over the assignments and see what you have done. So, well, I will read it out one by one and you can check your assignments. So, the first assignment is match group A with group B. These are nai adjectives given over here and the meanings in the right column, column B. So, you can see, kirei, beautiful, rippa, grand, genki in good health, shizuka, quiet, kantan, izi, hima, free time, yumei, famous and shinsetsu, kind. So, well, these were all nai adjectives. Now, you have to write in hiragana, well, some of them are nai adjectives and some of them are aai adjectives. Now, you see hiragana is very important because you have to learn to write in the script as well as we are doing kanji. So, you also have to do hiragana. So, please practice hiragana also. Now, you have it all written over here, shizuka, kantan, urusai, sumetai, muzukashi, murasaki, yumei. So, well, you can do it, practice it at home. Then the third assignment is fill in the blanks with appropriate particles. We have done a lot of particles, particle wa, ka, mo, ne, you, de, ni, o, lot of these particles. So, you need to fill all the particles over here properly, the ones which fit only, Rao san wa chikatetsu de kaisha e ikimasu. Watashi wa mainichi asa roku-ji ni okimasu, ni is for time. Mainichi kaisha no shokudo de hirugohan wo tabemasu, place de aktiviti wo shimasu. Rao san no uchi wa eki no soba ni arimasu. So, you have locational nouns over here, ni arimasu is for location and existence. Shumatsu ni ega wo mimashou, shumatsu again for time, ni. Tanaka san wa mayasa uchi de shinbun wo yomimasu, again place de aktiviti wo shimasu. Nanji ni kaisha wo demasu, ka, nanji ni for time, ni again. Doko de nihongo wo benkyou shimashita, ka, where for place, again de, again activity over here. Then, kokugo de ringo wa nan desu ka? They we did last time. What do you call a certain thing in Japanese? So, well, kokugo, kokugo is your national language. Kokugo de ringo wa nan desu ka? So, this is what you were supposed to do. I hope all of you got it right. Now, over here, you have kanji, which you need to practice. So, the sentences are nan dash goro hirugohan wo tabemasu ka? So, well, the kanji will come and they are all in green. So, it will be easy for you to understand. You can see and check your kanji characters, oki, sai, kesa, mainichi, chiisai, nihonjin. So, these are the kanji characters, you can check them. Now, there was a small conversation for you in the previous lesson. This is the conversation. You can now read the conversation and then try to see if these questions you have answered properly. As they are not very difficult, I do not think we need to go over them. You can just do it on your own as you have the conversation right in front of you. Well, the last assignment I think is, take the correct adjectives in the brackets. So, well, they are in purple over here. Asoko no kisaten no kohi wa oishii desu. Rao-san no uchi wa eki kara chikai desu. Watashi no ga-ko no soba ni kirei na kouen ga arimasu. Kino omo-shiroi shousetsu wo yomimashita ano kata wa yumei na sakka desu. Tanaka san wa shinsetsu desu. And if there was a noun over here, then na would have been used. Well, now, in our previous lessons, we have done this exercise where you can ask someone as to how long it takes from one place to another. So, we did nanjikan kakarimasu ka? Now over here, we want to do something else. If you say nanjikan, then it is exact time. How long does it take? But if say it takes a little more than what you are saying approximately, if you want to ask, then what is the way to ask? Well, practice by telling and asking approximately how long it takes from Kanpur to Lucknow by the mode of transport you can see in the picture. There is a picture over here for you. You can see the picture and tell how long it takes by this mode of transport. So, there is a densha over here. Let us see what the question is, Kanpur kara Lucknow made densha de dore gurai kakarimasu ka? Approximately, how long does it take? So, let us see, nijikan gurai kakarimasu. So, gurai means approximately. If you say nijikan kakarimasu, then it is exact time. But if you say nijikan gurai kakarimasu, then it takes approximately 2 hours. It could be 10 minutes less or 10 minutes more. Now, let us see the second picture, bus. So, what is the question Kanpur kara Lucknow made bus de dore gurai kakarimasu ka? So well, sanjikan gurai kakarimasu and then we have another picture for you which is of a cycle, jitensha, so then Kanpur kara Lucknow made jitensha de dore gurai kakarimasu ka? And let us see how many hours it says, roku jikan gurai kakarimasu. You could also say roku jikan kakarimasu. So, that means it is exact roku jikan, not more, not less. But you never know how long it will take by any of these transports, any of these things. So, well, you can use gurai over here. Now, kurai and gurai both are same, koko kara eki made dono gurai kakarimasu ka? Place 1 kara, place 2 made, how much time does it take? Approximately how long does it take? So, if it is kuruma which is kaar, if it is bus, if it is densha, if it is hikoki, how long will it take? Over here, there is a small conversation where A and B are there and A is asking, koko kara eki made dono gurai kakarimasu ka? Kuruma de yonjupun kakarimasu, so by kuruma it is going to take 40 minutes. Now you can also ask, uchi kara gakkuma de, takushi de, dore gurai kakarimasu ka or kaisha kara eki made dono gurai kakarimasu ka? So, whatever you want to say, whatever time you want to give, you can give, it can be ichijikan gurai kakarimasu, it can be sanjupun gurai kakarimasu or whatever time you want. Now, so far we have used mode of transport. You could also ask about how much a ticket will cost, how much you have to pay for a ticket, how much it will cost. So, uchi kara eki made takushi de dono gurai kakarimasu ka? Starting from here, from my house till the station, what is the fare? How much will it take? For example, over here it is given, takushi de hyaku gojuuen kakarimasu or as we are here in India, takushi de hyaku gojuu rupee kakarimasu. Then over here, there is this densha which you can see and we have this question, kanpur kara laknau made densha de dore gurai kakarimasu ka? Means how much money does it cost from kanpur to laknau. So, what is the fare from kanpur to laknau by train? So, both things you can ask and inquire. Well, over here it is nihyaku rupee desu, it is 200 rupees as we are in India over here. You can practice over here now, practice by telling and asking how much it costs to go from kanpur to laknau by the mode of transport you can see in the picture. So, let us see whether you can answer these questions correctly or not. Now, what is that? That is a densha. The question is kanpur kara laknau made densha de dore gurai kakarimasu ka? Question is the same, you have to give the answer. So, well, let us see, yes, what do you think it is? So, whatever you feel, you can put over here and say hyaku rupee desu, gojuu rupee desu, gohyaku rupee desu. Whatever you feel or whatever the fare is, you can write. Now, bus, over here we are only taking kanpur and laknau, but you can use any place, any name over here of a place and go from that place to another place and ask the fare. So, well, again we have the same question by bus kanpur kara laknau made bus de dore gurai kakarimasu ka? Well, you can again give a number and so many rupees. So, it could be again 100 rupees or 50 rupees, whatever you want to put over here. And a similar manner, you have taxi over here and again the same thing, only the mode of transport changes and it becomes taxi over here and the fare is, if you know the fare, well, you can put it. So, I hope you will practice this at home with your partner and practice it out loudly please. Now, I have been telling you about gurai a lot. You have done, if you remember, kore, sore, are and dore in the beginning, kore, sore, are and dore. These are demonstrative pronouns. So, well, over here you know dore is choice between two things or maximum three things. So, when you add dore to gurai, then what happens? It shows quantity. When you say dore gurai, then it means quantity of things. For example, over here you have it written, dore gurai arimasu ka approximately how much it is? Dore gurai kaimasu ka approximately how much will you buy? Now, when you just say dore o kaimasu ka, then naturally what are you doing? You are asking choice, you are asking preference. For example, you have these three chalks over here in my hand. You can see. So, I can ask you, dore wa shiroi desu ka? Which one is white? And you can point and tell me, sore wa shiroi desu. So, with dore, you are generally asking choice between two or three things. Dore gurai tabemasu ka? How much will you have or eat? So, this is how you can practice dore and dore gurai and see the difference as well. Now, we have also done demo in our previous lesson. If you remember, we have done demo. Demo means, but and what does it do? What does demo do? Well, demo shows contrast between two things. But please remember, as I told you last time as well. It is between two similar things. For example, as given over here, watashi wa niku wo tabemasu demo shatsu wo kaimasen. If you say that, then it is wrong because you are not talking about the same thing at all. So, you have to talk about similar things over here as is given. Watashi wa niku wo tabemasu demo yasai wo tabemasen, watashi mo yasai wo tabemasen. So, it is a simple conversation between two people. Now, if you want to say that, I eat niku also and I eat yasai also which is vegetables, so how will you say that? You cannot use demo because demo is contrast, you are showing some kind of contrast, so how will you use? Well, the answer is given right here, watashi wa yasai mo niku mo tabemasu. So, I eat vegetables and I also eat meat, two particle mo used like this with a positive verb in positive form means I eat both. Noun 1 mo, noun 2 mo, positive verb. You can also use it in the negative where it will mean neither. Noun 1 mo, noun 2 mo, negative verb in negative form. The examples are given here, you can practice this. Watashi wa yasai mo niku mo tabemasu, watashi wa yasai mo niku mo tabemasen. Now, for watashi wa, you can change any other vocabulary that you have done. You can see over here, you can do oto-san, oka-san, tomo-dachi. You can also change this over here, yasai can also be changed, niku can also be changed. Noun 1, noun 2 both can be changed and with that you can also change the verb over here as is given. Oto-san wa beeru mo, wine mo nomimasu or nomimasen, tomodachi wa tamago mo, niku mo tabemasen or tabemasu. Tomo wa juice mo, mirku mo nomimasen or nomimas, whichever you want to choose. But you will see that these two things belong to the same category. These also belong to the same category and these also belong to the same group. You can see a construction where the repeated use of particle mo shows similar nouns or elements of one group in parallel construction which is similar in meaning to as well as or both in positive and neither or nor in negative statements in English. So, a mo, b mo means exactly this both or neither. You have more examples over here noun 1 mo, noun 2 mo oishi desu with adjectives noun 1 mo, noun 2 mo oishiku nai desu both are not tasty and in a similar manner you have it over here also amit mo arun mo gakusei desu, amit mo arun mo gakusei de wa arimasen. So, it is a nice construction you can use it in conversation. Now, we have practice over here for you, there are some pictures, look at the pictures and see what it has to say, nekutai mo boushi mo kaimasu or kaimasen, nekutai mo boushi mo kaimasen. In a similar manner you have fruits over here budou mo ichigou mo tabemasu or tabemasen and what do we have here juice mo, milk mo, nomimasu or nomimasen. So, you can practice like this ask and answer with your partner. Now you also did watashi wa tomodachi to issho ni gakkoe ikimasu. You did a wa b to issho ni place e ikimasu. Now we just now did a mo b mo place e ikimasu, a to b wa place e ikimasu. You can also put issho ni over here, so a wa b to issho ni means a went together with b, b to issho ni with b, a mo b mo place e ikimasu means a and b, a also b also in fact also b also both went to a certain place. Then a to b wa a and b went to a certain place. So, this is a slight difference over here which is given in the example, a wa b to issho ni ikimasu, watashi wa tomodachi to issho ni gakkoe ikimasu. I go with my tomodachi with my friend to school, a to b wa issho ni ikimasu, a and b go together to school. So, you have this combination, these words over here in this one and this one, sensei, gaksei, michiko, okasan, imouto, musume and you have ten rankai, daigaku, departo, toshokan, ryoko. So, well you can use a wa b to issho ni ikimasu, a to b wa issho ni ikimasu, a mo b mo issho ni ikimasu. Any of these with the vocabulary given here in pink block and vocabulary here in the purple block. One example I will make, sensei wa gakusei to issho ni daigaku e ikimasu or, Michiko san wa okasan to issho ni ten rankai e ikimasu. Sensei to gakusei wa ryoko e ikimasu, sensei to gakusei wa toshokan e ikimasu. So, you can try this combination and practice. Now, there is a short radio dialogue, listen to it and let us see how much you understand. Rao san, ashta pikni kei ikimashouka? Ii desu ne, doko ikimasu ka? Hirokute kirei na tokoro e ikimashou. Sou desu ne. Neru kouen wa dou desu ka? Sono kouen wa hiroi desu ga shizuka de wa arimasen. Aa, sou desu ka. Ja, central park wa daijobu desu ka? Aa, central park wa ii desu ne, shizuka de kirei na basho desu. Doko de aimashou ka? Eki no iriguchi no mae wa dou desu ka? Wakarimashita. Sore de wa ashita hachi-ji ni aimashouka? Hai. Well, I will read it out to you now and then explain what is new, Mira san and Rao san. Rao san, ashita pikni kei ikimashouka? Ii desu ne, doko e ikimasu ka? Hirokute kirei na tokoro e ikimashou. Sou desu ne. Nehru kouen wa dou desu ka? Sono kouen wa hiroi desu ga shizuka de wa arimasen. Aa, sou desu ka. Ja, central park wa daijobu desu ka? Aa, central park wa ii desu ne. Shizuka de kirei na basho desu. Doko de aimashou ka? Eki no iriguchi no mae wa dou desu ka? Wakarimashita. Soredewa ashita hachi-ji ni aimashouka? Hai. So, well, there are a lot of new things over here. We will cover these. I am sure most of it you have understood and whatever is left I will do it in the lesson. Now you have the dialogue in the script and you can see a few new kanji characters here. Look them up in the dictionary and get the meanings from there. So, this is the explanation in English and we come to what we have to do actually what is given in the lesson over there. So, over here we will join adjectives. Now, you have done noun plus noun, noun to noun, ta mago to pan wo tabemasu. You have done this one earlier in one of the previous lessons. Well, today we will do i-adjectives as we are doing adjectives plus i-adjectives. How will you join i-adjectives? Well, ringo wa amai desu, ringo wa shii desu. So, how will you join these two? These are two sentences. How will you join these two? Ringo wa amai, I cut off this over here. Again if you use ringo, it is not required, amai oishi desu. Now, we need to join these two. What we do is, we remove this first, we remove this i from here from the first i-adjective and put kute and it becomes ringo wa ama kute oishi desu. So, well, when you have to join i-adjective with another i-adjective, then what you do is, you remove the first, you remove the i of the first adjective, amai, akai, takai and nagai. So, you remove this from here and put kute. So, I hope this is understood, very, very simple, we will practice and then you will know how it is done. Joining i-adjectives with i-adjectives. Tokyo wa hiroi desu. Tokyo wa okii desu. Tokyo wa hirokute okii desu. In a similar manner, now you can replace tokyou with other nouns, ringo, kuruma, boushi, hon, eiga, ringo wa ama kute oishi desu. Kuruma wa chiisa kute ii desu. Boushi wa yasukute benri desu. Hon wa yasukute omoshiroi desu. Eiga wa nagakute sumaranai desu. Sumaranai is very, very boring. Now when you have to join i-adjectives with na-adjectives, well you need to follow this pattern only because finally what happens is you have to change the first adjective only. The i of the first adjective will go in case of i-adjectives. What happens to the na-adjectives, we will do a little later. So in a similar manner, you can practice over here, ringo wa ama kute hoya hoya desu. Hoya hoya is fresh, freshly picked, very, very fresh and tasty. Kuruma chiisa kute benri desu. Boushi yasukute steki desu. Hon yasukute omoshiroi desu. Eiga nagakute sumaranai desu. You have to join two na-adjectives. Obviously, as it is na-adjectives, it will be a little different from i-adjectives. So what do we do? Well, na plus na, marikou san wa kirei desu, marikou san wa tenei desu. So you have to join these two as we did with i-adjectives. Well, marikou san wa kirei de tenei desu. So with i-adjectives, you add kute after the i and then with na-adjectives, you add de between two na-adjectives, to mean and. So marikou san wa shinsetsu desu, marikou san wa shinsetsu de kirei desu. Now again, you can replace marikou san with any of the vocabulary you have done or is listed over here. Otou san genki de shinsetsu desu, kanai tenei de shizuka desu, tomodachi rippa de tenei desu, tanaka san yumei de shizuka desu, tokyou kirei de nigiyaka desu. Any of these you can use and practice. Now as we are doing na-adjectives, genki desu, kirei desu can also be done as marikou san wa genki de tenei na kata desu, kata is the noun. So kata means hito, polite for hito is kata, so you can use kata also and practice like this. Otou san wa genki de rippa na hito desu, kanai wa shizuka de tenei na hito desu, tomodachi wa rippa de shinsetsu na kata desu. Now kata you will not use for people of your own family or for yourself, you will use for outsiders. It could be tomodachi, it could be sensei, it could be someone else, michikou san, marikou san, anybody, but not for otou san, okaa san and your own family member. Now you can practice this over here, look at the pictures and let us see what it is. You can use and for eye adjectives and na adjectives as we did just now. Genki de ureshi desu, hayakute benri desu, genki de ureshi desu, mondai wa kantan de omoshiroi desu, genki de kirei na onna no hito desu, hirokute shizuka na tokoro desu. Any of these you can use and over here you will see na adjective plus eye adjective. So as we did an eye adjective, the first adjective which happens to be a na over here will take de and whatever adjective follows after that remains in its original form. It does not change form. So well you can practice like this now. So now you have this vocabulary from the lesson, well iriguchi, the meanings are given here in black, iriguchi, deguchi, kantan, mondai, hoya hoya, sore de wa musume, musuko, toshokan. So this is some new vocabulary for you. Now as we always do, well we will do some kanji characters. These are simple kanji characters. You have done me, te, ashi, mimi, kuchi. Now we will do hana which is nose. It looks very difficult but it is a very very simple character. You have done most of it, most of these characters it is a combination. So well 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. So it is a 14 stroke character. You can see this part you have done, actually this part you have done, then this part you have done and this is new. So this is hana for you. Once again, it is a 14 stroke character, please remember hana. We have another one over here, looks like hito but it is different, the stroke order is different. For hito, the stroke order is 1 and then 2 like this, 1 and 2 over here. The stroke order over here is different, it is 1 like this and 2 over here, 1 and 2. This means to pour or to enter, ireru or hayru. It is a 2 stroke character like hito but order is different. So please remember the order for hayru is this, 1 and 2. Now there is another character which I am sure is quite similar, which you feel is quite similar. You have done this character, well what does this mean? This is yama meaning mount. Now how do we make the character that is there on your slide, well 1 and over here. This means to go out, deru is this character, I will make it once again, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. So it is a 5 stroke character means they must to go out or exit, deru. Now you can look at the stroke order here, practice your stroke order, this is how it has come into being. The branch joins over here, that is how it is ireru or hayru, 1 and then we have this one which means deru and how has it come into being. Well a flower comes out of the ground and goes up, there are 2 shoots over here and a flower on top. So well that is how deru has come into being to come out like this as you can see over here and very nicely it is shown and you can visualize it. So there are 5 strokes to this character, 1, 2, 3 and again 4 and then 5. This is deru, quite similar to yama but not yama, 2 yamas will make deru. Now some words with kanji characters, with the kanji characters that we have done, iriguchi, nyukoku, yunyu, deguchi, shuppatsu, jibika. So please there is a reason for giving these characters to you, there is a reason why I read it out so that you can get the pronunciation one and second you also see that how these kanji characters are used and you can also make sentences which will help in conversation. So please try to go through these, read these, try to write them, practice them at home. And of course we have been doing hiragana in our previous lessons, so well we will continue with that and let us see what we have, ha. Again this is also very important because the stroke order is there and sometimes what happens is you learn the wrong stroke order which has happened with me for a lot of kanjis. I do not want any of you to learn it in the wrong way, please try to get the order right. Ha, now you have it right in front of you, all the characters are given over here, all the syllables are there of the ha series and you have the stroke order, so you can write it down. Like this in a block it should be proportionate. From today we are also starting, I am also starting proverbs with you. These are important, we will do proverbs from today, they are called kotowaza in Japanese and they are important and interesting. Try to use a proverb in your speech and immediately it sounds very good and impressive. So well we have one over here, you can relate to it in English very easily but I am sure when you look at this picture of this Usagi-san running like this and looking at his watch with a bag, well what comes to your mind? It is time is money and what do you say, Nihongo de nan to imasu ka? Well, time is money is toki wa kanenari in Japanese, it is given over here toki wa kanenari, time is money. Nari is time you have done, wa is hiragana, kane also you have done, okane, nari is it is very very important. So please do not waste time, well toki wa kanenari. Try to remember this phrase and we will try to use it sometime in class. Now begins your time, you have to do all the assignments now, my work is over, you have to do these assignments at home, well the first one is match group A with group B and again you have these words over here so that you can learn all the vocabulary and you do not fumble with words. Then also hiragana very very simple, you just need to write your hiragana on these dotted lines. These are again words just put for you for practice. Assignment 3 of course is important because you have to choose from the brackets, interrogative or question words. So choose the correct word and mark it, tick it and of course as we always do, there is kanji practice for you. Tick the correct kanji character, circle it and we will do it in our next class and see whether what you have done is right or not. And then something very important that you have to do, you have to learn your kanji characters, you have to learn to write them as well. So the words are given over here, write your kanji characters on the dotted lines. Well the last one is make proper questions to fit the answers given below, read the question, read the answer and then try to make the question. We will see in our next lesson, how you did over here. Now you have to listen to this dialogue and then answer the questions. Laos-san, ashta picnic eikimashokka. Ii desu ne, doko eikimasu ka? Hirokute kirei na tokoro eikimashou. Sou desu ne. Neru kouen wa dou desu ka? Sono kouen wa hiroi desu ga shizuka de wa arimasen. Ah, sou desu ka. Ja, central park wa daijoubu desu ka? Ah, central park wa ii desu ne, shizuka de kirei na basho desu. Doko de aimashou ka? Eki no iriguchi no mae wa dou desu ka? Wakarimashita. Soredewa ashta hachi-ji ni aimashou ka? Hai. Well you just listen to the audio. Now some questions are there for you, try to do these questions. I will read them out to you once. A. Rao san wa dare to issho ni picnic eikimashita ka? B. Futari wa doko eikimashita ka? C. Central park wa donna basho desu ka? D. Futari wa doko de aimasu ka? E. Nanji no yakusoku o shimashita ka? F. Futari wa nan de eikimasu ka? I am sure there will be a few new words for you. I am not giving you the meaning. I want you to look up the dictionary and get used to looking up a Japanese dictionary also. So please, words you do not understand. Quickly open your dictionaries, try to look up the word and get the meaning. The questions are not difficult, we will try to do them next time in case you are unable to do all of them. It is all in the conversation. So I hope you enjoy doing your assignments and you enjoyed the lesson. You learnt a few new things. With that I will leave you and you can practice at home aimashou.