 Hello participants, welcome back to integrated pest management course. So, today let us understand what do you mean by agro ecosystem analysis that is commonly called as AESA. As you know, integrated pest management program, they have been evolved or they have been evolving to address the ill effects or deleterious effects of insecticides on environment. Under our new or modern concept of integrated pest management, it is actually involving the agricultural ecosystem analysis by analyzing the agro ecosystem, farmers they are going to take up the decisions on pest management programs. Before that, let us see what is agro ecosystem analysis. So, this agro ecosystem analysis, it is an approach which can be gainfully employed by extension functionaries or farmers or both to analyze field situation with regard to pest, defenders, soil conditions, overall plant health and the influence of climatic factors on these either defenders or offenders or plant health and their interrelationship for growing a healthy crop. This is what exactly the AESA means. Such analysis of field situation actually imparts the observation by the farmers that is he is going to observe the field continuously and afterwards observation he is going to identify the problems which are associated with his crop and afterwards he is going to analyze the observation what he has recorded for taking the appropriate, this is in the nutshell what exactly the AESA means, how this AESA should be carried out in a simpler way. So, this involves the continuous field observations. So, one has to observe continuously field for plant health at different stages and next the whether the plant has got inbuilt capacity to compensate any adverse effects or any attack of insect pest diseases in future that also he has to understand. Then what is the overall pest and defender population in his situation other than these he should understand or he should record the problems associated with rats, weeds and the soil conditions. Soil condition means whether soil is wet or dry at a particular situation and overall what is the overall climatic factors which are influencing on the crop. Then the present condition of the crop situation that is abiotic factors which are influencing on that day and it needs even for decision making the past experience of the farmer. So, this is the first step and after observing he has to prepare a agro ecosystem analysis chart by taking the one drying paper he has to write with different color pencils one side depicting the various insect pest which are attacking on a crop and other side he has to write the different defenders which are present on his crop like parasites, predators and overall the situation of the weather condition whether the weather is cloudy or sunny like that he has to indicate in this agro system analysis chart that is he is going to draw the overall the picture of the field in a drawing paper. After taking observation so he has to take suitable decision on after discussing with his fellow farmers if the farmers are involved in that process. In other cases wherein some extension functionaries also involved in taking these age of programs in that case so extension functionaries has to sit together and discuss and afterwards they have to take suitable decision on the overall cropping situation. Then afterwards they have to work out after taking a decision they have to work out what is the overall natural enemy population whether the particular situation needs the any control measures are not if they have to take the suitable decisions. And even one can take decisions based on this pest population dynamics by taking observations from furomont traps, light traps and also they can utilize these sweep nets and also water pans for making observations on insect pest and also these natural enemies. And they have to work out overall the what is the economic threshold level of the particular pest. Then ASA who are actually carrying out this ASA programs they can take suitable decisions. So this ASA can be carried out by a farmer either extension functionaries or group of farmers. So here the group of farmers they are actually trained continuously and they have been empowered to take up the independent decisions of their own field regarding the field situation or any control measures for particular pest. So this is in a nutshell how the ASA implementation can be done. So first you have to plan the ASA, then you have to define the area where it has to be carried out and you have to fix the goals or objectives for the ASA programs. Then afterwards you have to take some data on that selected agroecocyst in that zone. Then in that zone you have to again select the particular ecological zone. Then you have to describe that agroecological zone. Then you have to take some field work observations based on the earlier data. Then along with this field data you have to gather some more data on economical and other social issues of that agroecological zone. Then you have to identify the key issues which are actually required for immediate solution. Then you have to analyze all this data and you have to report and it has to be presented in a systematic manner. Then you have to take the ASA programs in that particular location. So as you know these ASA programs it is a season long training program. So it has to be carried out throughout one crop season and first these ASA programs has to be carried out by either extension functionaries and these extension functions in turn they are going to train the group of farmers. So these ASA programs it covers all the different developmental stages of all the crop and their related management practices of a particular zone. So here the ASA program it is learner centered and it is a participatory approach and it also depends on the experiential learning and it is in simpler way and learning is coming from farmer to farmer program. So that is why it is a integral part of FFS program. Then how this ASA based IPM training programs for farmers carried out. So this is as you know it is a participatory approach and it is practical oriented and this practical oriented program has to be brought out by regular meetings and you have to consider the learning through field experiment by the farmers and it is actually the problem oriented program and overall farmer he is going to learn our crop ecology of the particular echo zone. Then here ultimately he is going to understand overall the benefits of the beneficial insects in controlling the insect pests. So that is what in integrated I mean agro ecosystem analysis based IPM training for farmers in FFS. So this FFS is actually the open school or school without any walls. It is a formal education for these IPM programs. So these IPM programs or FFS schools have been launched throughout India in different locations on different crops especially paddy, cotton, soybean and other crops. Thank you.