 This study suggests that experiencing early life trauma such as parental death or separation can have long-term effects on immune function in later life. Specifically, individuals who experienced this type of trauma in childhood had lower levels of certain immunoglobulins and cytokines, which are markers of immunity. Additionally, these effects were seen across different racial slash ethnic groups, suggesting that this effect is not limited to one particular group. This article was authored by Gracie Noppert, Kate A. Ducheney, Rebecca Stebbins, and others.