 Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to this very important session on Africa, and in previous occasions we've had the benefit of some great speakers, but I don't think there's an occasion when we've had together five leaders of Africa, three presidents, and two prime ministers. And I feel very privileged to have been asked to chair this session with people who are also my friends, but people who have done so much to boost the image of Africa and the world and change the face of Africa. The former managing director of the World Bank, Nengosi, who is with us in the audience today, asked the question once, which was the economy, the one trillion dollar economy that had grown over the last 10 years faster than India and was to grow in the next few years faster than Brazil. And of course the answer is Sub-Saharan Africa, which has not only recovered very quickly from the great recession of 2008 and 2009, but has enormously important resources, has shown huge advances in the development of telecommunications in recent years, and has reforming presidents and prime ministers who want to see new investment coming into Africa. But of course at the same time, when we know that Africa with 15% of the population of the world has only 1% of the world's manufacturing, has only 1% of the stock of inward investment, we know that there are huge challenges for a continent that has got more poverty ahead of the population than any other continent in the world. So I want to start today by asking what are going to be the forces of change that will improve the performance of Africa, which has already shown that it is making a difference. And whether it's infrastructure having to be improved or education, or whether it's the development of IT, or whether it's regional cooperation, or whether it's greater trade with the rest of the world, whether it's the development of many new industries, the removal of red tape and regulation, I want you to hear from the presidents and the prime ministers what they have to say, and then I want to give you the chance of asking questions. There is a history of audience participation in Africa sessions. I was sitting on the platform a few years ago with Bill Gates and with President Makapa and with others from Africa, and the audience managed to steal the show because Sharon Stone took over, and I felt sorry for Bill Gates because he had promised a billion dollars for the treatment of polio, and Sharon Stone promised $10,000, and she got all the publicity. Now our panel is just magnificent in its scope and in the status of the people we've got. President Zuma, as you know, is leading Africa in so many different ways and has just celebrated a great anniversary for the African National Congress. Prime Minister Meles has led the African reform movement with his chairmanship of that group, and of course major advances have been made in education in particular in Ethiopia in recent years. Prime Minister Oddinga, I worked with him over the last few years as he tried to make sure that there was peace in his own country and develop better services right across the population. President Kikwati is a leader in his own right, former president of the African Union, and his country has made major advances. And President Conley is here, and he will talk about the great resources of his own country and how he sees that develop in future years. So we have this great panel, and I would like to start by asking President Zuma, Jacob Zuma, what do you think are the big forces for change and progress over the next few years in Africa? Jacob, the floor is yours. Well, thank you very much, firstly, to you and the opportunity that we get. Is the mic on? Yes, I think it's on now. Yeah, that's right. Thank you very much. Firstly, I think we could ask as to what can Africa do differently given the challenges that face the globe today. Africa has grown faster in the past 10 years, as we have just alluded to that. The latest IMF World Economic Outlook says that Africa's growth will still be almost 5.5% in 2012 and 5.3% in 2013. Africa has moved steadily towards free, multi-party, and accountable political systems since the end of the Cold War. The struggle against poverty in the continent of Africa has made some progress. In other words, we have made progress to try to deal with those challenges in our continent. We are also moving to achieve millennium development goals, economic governance in Africa has improved, management of fiscal and monetary policies is much stronger than 20 or 30 years ago. Those are factors in fact that might account for why Africa has seen the growth. The biggest risk to Africa though in the transition is that there is a broad economic slump worldwide and prices of commodities fall sharply. This could cause severe shocks in African economies dependent on commodity exports. Another risk is that African leaders may overestimate their good fortune and borrow too much funds for long-term investments projects. A third risk is that expectations of ordinary Africans might be frustrated in the short term and the democratic processes could be stressed and severely tested by the situation because if people agree that there's democracy but they don't they do not see the dividends then they might say is it working? African economies must be diversified so that when commodities prices lumped in the world there are other strong economic activities to fall back on. Africans must trade among themselves something which has been lacking. The launch of the free trade area in June last year is a step in the right direction with regard to Africa doing its own inter trade. Africa must invest sufficiently in education and skills development especially scarce skills which are needed by the economy such as engineers, artisans, and other technical skills. We cannot be only strong in the humanities field only. I'm sure for a long time we've been but everyone will know that once we do that we are taken by other countries to come and help lecture other people instead of developing our own continent. Africa must invest in health services and health education. Africa's development partners remain vital to Africa in both the developed north and developing south. So in the end it will come down to leadership effectiveness. In other words how do Africa lead itself as it has been showing the growth? We need to focus on the long term and build foundations for sustainable growth in our continent and part of that is what we have just referred to the improvement and the establishment of very massive infrastructure that must be able to connect Africa so that Africa is able to do business within itself and that those who come to invest in Africa must take into account that it must be a two-way kind of activity wherein you invest to benefit Africa so that you could also benefit out of it. But one of the things that is my last legal point is that the countries that have had influence over Africa over the period must change their attitude. They must interact with Africa to help Africa, not interact with Africa to help themselves I think that will go a long way to help us move and change the manner in which we do things. We are very optimistic as a leadership in Africa we believe Africa is on the move and it depends on us and I think there's been an agreement on us that we need to look to ourselves and develop ourselves to be a continent that is dynamic that is prepared to interact with other continents at the equal footing. Thank you. Thank you very much and we'll take up some of these points as we go through the hour. I pass over to Prime Minister Meles who was on the Africa Commission and chairs the reform group. Please take the floor. Thank you. Thank you Mr Prime Minister. I'm very happy that I have this opportunity to link up with an old and true friend of Africa. Thank you for your support in the past. Let me start by saying that I fully agree with what the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, just said. But let me highlight a few points. What is it that we in Africa are now talking about? We know we have grown faster over the past 10 years than has been the case traditionally. On that basis we believe that Africa can and will be the next gross poll of the global economy. We believe we are where India was in the early 90s. We are about the same size in terms of population and so we're talking about the next gross poll in the world. That's our ambition and it's not ideal ambition. It's based on the results of the past few years. In order to do that we need to do many things that have been mentioned by the President but I would like to highlight a few points. First infrastructure. There's a lot of infrastructure bottlenecks, power roads, telecommunication, railways, ports. You name it we need more investment there and better management of the infrastructure services that we have. That is key. Second we need better skills for our people. We need to do more by way of investment in primary education as part of the Millennium Development Goals but we are not going to develop and industrialize our countries on the basis of primary education. We need a lot more than primary education. We need to build on the investment that has been done in primary education to promote technical and vocational training and university education and link up our universities with day-to-day activities. So skill formation, skill development is in my view the next big thing that we need to to do and certainly we need to I am convinced that many of the lever-intensive manufacturing facilities in Asia will are already relocating and we will relocate faster in the coming years. Where to is a question. I believe Africa is a natural destination for these factories and manufacturing facilities. And we need to create an environment for them to relocate to Africa and besides infrastructure and skills. We need partnerships, the win-win partnerships that President Zuma was talking about. Not only with the Asian manufacturers, the Koreans, the Chinese, Indians and so on but also the European and American manufacturers. They have already relocated to China for example or Vietnam or we if they are thinking of relocating again then Africa is the next destination and we won't have these partnerships. Final point, we as Africans need to diversify our economies. Traditionally people have thought of Africa as a source of mining resources that's very important and we need more. Better use of our mining potential but we need to invest more in agriculture particularly small-scale agriculture because without it there will not be inclusive growth and therefore there will not be social peace to get us through this economic transition and we also need to invest in manufacturers. Thank you. Infrastructure, education, manufacture and trade of course. Prime Minister Odinga, I visited a school with you many years ago in Kibira when you had put a million children into school by making education free so education is a very important part of your agenda as well. Yes, thank you very much. I'm very happy to be here to join this very distinguished panel. Gordon I think first we begin by saying that the African transition to transformation in Africa is a very interesting subject and first we begin by talking about inclusivity because we're talking about sustainable growth and development of the continent and this requires to involve more people. So African democracy is actually now on course and there are resistances and pockets of resistance here and there but by and large I think that a lot of progress has been made and also the Arab Spring listen is coming down south very fast. Now we want first to ensure that we have democratic constitutions that people accept democratic governance. That is important. Our population is fairly young and we can actually benefit from demographic dividends by empowering this young population and that's why we are talking about manpower development. Education, quality education that is from primary, secondary, vocational training, university and technical colleges as well as research and development generally. We need to invest there because if we do this then we can create skilled manpower that will be attractive to investors and that in our view is how China and India have moved on because they've become very attractive to investment. They've got highly skilled manpower but which is also cheap and competitive. This in our view is very, very crucial and important. The other factor that one want to plug here is transformation from dependence on commodity trade to more science and technology based economy. A number of our economies are still fairly dependent on commodity trade. This in my view is not sustainable so we therefore need to move towards adopting more technology in our development. Value addition to goods that are produced in our countries. Here we are leading by example in Kenya as you know that we have been doing quite a lot of development and research. For example in telecommunications area we have led the world by the invention of money transfer through mobile phones so and this is making business much more efficient in our country and is an example that is now being emulated in India and other countries what we call M-Pesa to transfer money through using mobile phones and several others. So we really want to see inventions coming from Africa coming out of Africa therefore we should promote research and development generally. Finally infrastructure talked about social infrastructure physical infrastructure that will help us to integrate the African continent investment in roads in ports in railways which will then make the Africa intra African trade more viable. See intra African trade is still negligible. If you look at Europe, Europe trades more with itself than with the rest of the world. Africa can also trade more with itself. Africa is looking more and more to the north rather than to itself yet African market is big so we need to also invest in physical infrastructure so that we can promote intra African trade. So diversification infrastructure the common market internal trade. President Gequeiti I pass on to you thank you very much. Well thank you very much moderator Prime Minister Gordon Brown. Well indeed the the subject for discussion here is Africa transition transformation. Well indeed one can say that there is transformation taking place in Africa. There is a lot ample evidence to to to that fact when you look at the social economic life of our people and our nations in education in healthcare and infrastructure development in agriculture and manufacturing and so forth and so on. But much more needs to be done. This is the bottom line because there are times when Africa is portrayed as if there is nothing happening but I'm I'm I would say the contrary. There is a lot of happening but much more needs to be done and why because we are we are starting from very low levels of development. At independence 50 years ago Tanzania the GDP per capita was 35 dollars. There are only three tarmac roads the length of less than 190 kilometers and we are a country with 85 000 kilometers of roads network. So this this we started from very low levels development diseases depravations of all sorts of we are we are plenty but also we are we are part of the part of the global economy. So whatever is happening in in in some parts of the world definitely affects us. Few years ago we had the global economic financial crisis and we had reversals to our growth. Now we have a lot of anxiety with the eurozone crisis I hope it's going to be fixed quickly so that if if it doesn't then there is going to be a many many problems. There is evidence of growth high levels of growth I think this the fastest growing continent now but the dangers are still there. So what more needs to be done to be very precise in my view one Africa must stay the cause in pursuit of sound economic policies. Because it is the sound economic policies which has an element of our countries to attain macroeconomic stability. The higher the level high low inflation rates high levels of growth so we should stay the cause in pursuit of sound economic policies. We should invest more in education primary secondary tertiary technical training in order to to build the the human resource because at the end of the day it is the the man or woman who is going to make things happening and not the machines. You can have the machines if you don't have the competent people to use the machines then nothing can happen. So education is is critical for us as as an as an a mediumism. We should invest more in the transformation of agriculture to me agriculture is a priority because 70 to 80 of our people live in rural areas and agriculture is their mainstay but it is subsistence agriculture. People live from hand to mouth they cannot feed themselves they don't have enough cash crops to be able to earn more to transform their lives make their life better. We need to develop the manufacturing sector we cannot continue to be primary producers produce raw materials for the others to go and and make goods finish goods and then come back. Now saying my my my my blade professor of economics the university who taught me used to have a good phrase that we produce what we don't consume and consume what we don't produce. We produce for the others so that the others produce for us to consume. This thing cannot continue so that's why ensuring that the manufacturing sector is growing fast in Africa is is also critical we have abundant resources mineral resources agricultural resources natural resources but what is lacking is a vibrant manufacturing sector which which Africa should also look at and in any case economies transit from being predominantly agricultural then they go to the manufacturing and then they go to the service to that service sector becoming the predominant ones. So this is this is another important aspect we have to develop the infrastructure. Well as I'm saying we had only three three roads in the country with the demand of 85 thousand square kilometers of roads without roads there is no development there is no development without electricity there is no development without telecommunications. Africa cannot continue to be left behind in the in the digi to divide definitely we have we have to we have to catch up. The other thing is regional integration if if if we if we if we say we are going to to produce more from agriculture produce more from manufacturing definitely markets are essential. Regional markets but also the international markets for regional markets of course the regional economic groupings are an important factor this is this is a song now in the whole of the African continent the regional economic groupings everywhere and we are continuously strengthening them we are now looking at even merging them in July we had a meeting in South Africa where we discussed the creating a a grand free trade area bringing together southern africa development community the southern community and common market for southerner southern and central africa from Cape to Cairo. I was saying in Addis Ababa in Cape in South Africa the other day Sisi June Rods the colonists talked of the Great North Road from Cape to Cairo but this was for colonial purposes we are we are doing it now for our own for our own good this is an aspect but also at international level now we need we need access to to markets that's why twice in Africa early conclusion of their development agenda the round is is is is so critical so that you can remove open up these markets remove trade distorting subsidies in in the developed countries so that we can have access to market I can say that for the beginnings is going to let me let me say that to start with thank you thank you very much and president kondi resources in Africa very resource rich our resources being or could be far better used president kondi thank you very much the first time kini has attended a meeting of his kind and we have dated the past 10 years and i'm the first of the kind of elected president kini i'd like to talk about the new africa i think the first the most important thing is to change the vision that other people have africa when people think of africa they think of a they think of wars i think we need to realize that there is a new african shape that democracy is advancing the the most important thing is that if we african leaders have to change that's the most fundamental thing we shall not change if we if we remain within our own borders talking in our own countries we don't see the essential points if we don't use the experience of our countries to advance when we do take the example from other countries i mean look at the european colin steel community in european union that was where it all started what we need today is infrastructure intra african trade and self-respect when the the european union asks everyone to come at nine o'clock and we start at one o'clock so i think if we want to move ahead we have to help ourselves and if we do that i think we can create on our producing our own energy from our exams break down obstacles to trade which many countries have a real african market that basically is what we need to do we need to do what the ecsc deal we need an energy minister in charge of african energy policy and that would we also need an african infrastructure somebody who's in charge of manufacturing instead of having 10 issues on the agenda of the african union we have two or three major issues because this new africa is represented by young people and women and they're very dynamic we have another another advantage which is the acceleration of history so if we put money into education if we master technologies countries which have taken 20 years to master these things it'll take us only two years but the african leaders have to change their attitudes we don't change our own attitudes as long as we don't realize what we have to do to develop our own resources for our own people that not have money in bulk and backs abroad and then we will have set the real conditions before the development if we say we want win-win cooperation then we can advance so people have to realize we have to realize that there's a new african day to shape and that new african is very different from the vision that people have of africa and the most important thing is i say to my colleagues is that we have to change our own behavior we have to restructure africa we have to restructure our own vision and we have to remain at the service of our people we are the bread basket of africa and we have to produce what we consume and consume what we produce as my colleague said earlier on but if we don't change the image of africa if we don't change our own behavior if we don't change the way we do things if we don't focus on our own people as i said we have young people 70 percent of our population and 30 then we will if we do that we will have a we will have a possibility of focusing on technology and announcing very quickly we have tremendous natural resources in my country and i think we have to ensure that we as other countries transform these natural resources at home for the benefit of our own populations so that we win cooperation schemes so that investment creates economic growth in africa but we have also to ensure that that investment is profitable so it depends on us african change depends on us african leaders we have a lot of faults we have been selfish and very often we fight for power rather than fighting for our own people but we have to change we have to fight for our own people energy infrastructure the african trade and mastering technologies i don't want to work too long i'm here to show that there is a new africa and that new africa can be in the future that the continent of the 21st century that's what we have to do to ensure that africa which has been dependent and behind on for very many years we have to ensure 21st century is african century well these are five very powerful statements about both the need for change and the desire for progress in in africa i'm going to break down what's been said because there's a huge consensus and a number of issues that perhaps the audience has got questions about and is worried about first of all let's take infrastructure so there are less roads in africa now than 30 years ago half the roads of asia of latin america only 10 percent of trade in africa is internal to africa partly because of the infrastructure now a lot of people in the audience would say well you've got to remove some of the obstacles to making it possible for people to invest in infrastructure there are legal problems there are problems of corruption there are problems of dealing with a number of different countries when they're across border projects there is red tape things take too long everybody knows the infrastructure need but we've got to make it easier for people to get the investment in i don't know if donald caberucas is donald here caberucas from the african development bank but he would say i think there's about 100 billion of investment a year needed in infrastructure in africa can you convince people who are potential investors that you can remove these blockages that appear to have existed in the past jacob do you want to start you've got great projects that you've announced for north south infrastructure can they get off the ground if we can solve these problems yes yes they can certainly get off the ground i think we have recognized the obstacles that prime minister is referring to the african union has taken a very conscious decision on the question of the infrastructure and it has taken that decision fully aware of what is it we among ourselves talk about these borders that makes it very difficult for us to move within the continent accompanying therefore the infrastructure development is also the addressing of the bottlenecks that are there between the countries which are not necessarily of our creation and we've realized that and we are saying in order for us to be able to move forward developing the infrastructure would not be helpful if we could not use them because of the restrictions between countries so we are fully aware of that we are addressing those issues that these bottlenecks should not be there because they inhibit the faster development and the movement within the continent so these matters are there without actually being discussed in the regions how do we open up the borders for a free flow of people workers as well as the goods so that is being addressed simultaneously with the development of the infrastructure now before i move on is there any question from the audience about this vital issue of infrastructure it's very difficult to see if yeah please my name is Ahmad Hikal i'm the chairman of citadel capital we have 10 billion dollars invested in Africa recently we have 350 million dollars to form the railway in kenya that was financed through a lot of multinational institutions the african development bank is one of them and we have a big investment in Ethiopia we're looking to make an additional investment in kenya and in Tanzania the problem that we face in many cases is the bandwidth at the top level in Africa you need to reach the top level and the bandwidth that exists there is not always available so even with 10 billion dollars of investments in Africa now sometimes you're not able to get the bandwidth okay i've got that point is there any other point before i put it back to the panel on infrastructure can i see can you see would you like to answer that question prime minister odinga well thank you god first uh what he did not say is that there's a history they're coming into this that um we thought the railway was concessioned that is the the kenya yuganda railway first to a south african company which turned out to have somehow cheated in the deal and the deal then went sour so then they bought the shares from that south african company right and came came then on board and then you know they started first negotiating through that south african company we are sort of very keen uh to modernize the railway and make the railway work because right now 95 percent of the cargo coming out of the port of ambasa is going by roads which is actually doing quite a lot of damage to the road network uh we have actually made it fairly easy what is happening is that when i was shooting with the ministry for transportation which is actually in charge of this yeah now i don't know which band with is talking about because um uh oh he says that does not apply to kenya thank you i'm not going to get into the individual detail of the projects we could be we could be here all day perhaps i should move the issue the issue on have you a model like prime minister meleis of moving if you like from our customs union to a common market to a single market rather similar to the european union and that would open up trade within africa backed up by infrastructure development and how quickly that can happen i know you've you're not as keen on a single currency at the moment as you used to be but on the common market and the single market is that going to move ahead with speed yeah there's this whole agenda of uh uh regional economic integration uh in the continent uh has been an ongoing process yeah and it's been accelerated uh in in the recent past the more we uh our economy becomes dynamic the more it becomes diversified the more we'll be able to trade uh between ourselves the intra-africa trade is not is hindered not only by infrastructure but also by the structure of our economies yes our economies have been structured to service other particularly european economies and now the asian economies with very little linkage between ourselves and so that the uh the the regional economic integration is an instrument of uh of economic transformation and in my view it's also a result of economic transformation we can't have meaningful economic integration without transforming our economies and with regards to infrastructure and availability of top leaders for investors uh in the short run we have to do better of of being accessible as senior leaders in government in the long term that is not a solution the institutions of government will have to work efficiently so that things can move without the president or the prime minister saying so that ultimately that's that's the the way forward but in as a sort of a transitional arrangement we need to be a bit more available than we have been in the past one other part of infrastructure is obviously it the development of high technology and and to get it into different parts of africa i think we've got tin banners lee here who's the head of the worldwide web foundation and uh i think should be acknowledged as the person who invented the worldwide web tim is there anything that you think could be done uh that could speed things up in africa is tim here yeah can you give a mic yeah well it's huge but uh obviously uh so the world foundation will uh will see the 80 percent of people who don't use the web at the moment using the web uh there are a huge number of ways in which it helps and i think it's not just a question of getting connectivity of getting a fiber or getting a wire in it's a question of getting people really using it uh in their own language not just reading things uh but writing things as well so the the cultures of all the different languages are preserved and so that people across the world who you of that culture who's left can connect back obviously it should be a huge economic benefit it should be able to help education it should be able to help health and uh also it should be able to help your governments be more transparent as you put uh government data onto the web as the golden brown made a huge project to do in in the uk so the web foundation we're very interested in working with you to see what are the most uh the most important things to push now to try and to get the greatest change as quickly as possible thank you very much president kikwete a it technology in education but also there's still about 35 million to 40 million children not at school at all in africa and obviously there's only six percent of young people in vocational further education how quickly can you move education forward do you think well of course we want maybe if i take up that one let me say if something few things about infrastructure we should not come out of this meeting with an impression that there isn't much being invested in in infrastructure because of some of the problems on on our side um take the tele the telecommunications for example there is so much that is that is being invested in the in the mobile phone now i i i think africa is now the fastest growing market yes in the mobile phone technology it is our countries it is the same leaders there are some infrastructure aspects which do not attract private sector investment and one of these is roads because for a private investor to invest in a road there have to be cars so that they can charge toll and take back their money there are few cars in africa so in with road infrastructure essentially for several years to come it will be more of the government getting involved in it and because your governments of poor countries this is where development partners are critical to help africa get the roads because when when i was minister for affairs we were working on the istafqan road network we jointly sat together with with the world bank infrastructure department of the world bank where we we developed this network and then i led a delegation to washington talked to the world bank to the european union to brass holes i went to japan but what one of the advice we got from that was that if you have less than 15 000 cars flying that road then you can't and in east africa at that time it was only the the the mombasa nirobi road that had the largest number of cars and there were only six thousand so you can see this this is one thing that we should come out of this and don't think that the problem is is is is government over the the last bandwidth and then of course if we are ready for example with the railway ronda burundi and tanzania we're working on a railway from the port of dar es alam to kigali to bujumbura it is about about four south but four thousand four four billion dollars we are looking for partners if heikal is ready come there but heikal is interested in the railway that is already there so it's a ratio of of of the if there is anybody who is ready to invest in the railway from dar es alam to kigali to bujumbura and later we'll extend it to to to to to eastern to eastern drc let him come forward come and see me we'll be in business we'll talk to president kagami president in kuru ziza and myself we will get a deal come forward we want you to come there so i'm saying the the telecommunications are a lot of interest electricity is another area where we are where we are now opening up we want to see more investors come for electricity we'd not have that in in the past so i'm saying and if you have to see the president in order to see things move then there something must be terribly wrong these are matters that should be finished in the investment centers and and and the line ministry is that that that are concerned but in my case if if you come to tanzania and we have any difficulties please come and see me my doors will always be open i'm expecting lots of people to come up at the stage at the end of the session to offer to invest with you now with with regards to education definitely when we need to do more we have to ensure that expand primary education there is this mdg target of universal primary education by 2015 we have to invest more in building schools train more teachers get the textbooks get the teaching materials something that we need to do we need to expand on on second education we need to invest more of course our case what we did with secondary school education is involve the communities because when we came in we were taking 350,000 students in secondary school we worked with communities we were able to build 3000 secondary schools and now we have a population of 1.7 million students the challenge has been manufacturing teachers we have we expanded in a university training training of teachers we are we are almost getting there we are now remaining with a total of 50,000 teachers which i think in the next two or three years we will have we'll overcome that we have to expand on on on higher education we have to build more universities which we we should so at times it is the government but in our case we found with working with the communities has worked incredibly well we have been able to to to to to to expand so but this is another area where we also need support i'm going to ask if there's any other question from the floor and then calling president condi to answer any points about other infrastructure education investment regional cooperation that people want to raise as because these are the major issues that people have suggested yes please can the mic go there thank you i come from nicaragua central america and sometimes the the lessons of anti-corruption which is a big negative incentive for investments are not easy to apply so i as a latin american i would like to hear some of the african leaders give us the lessons that can help attract the investment and particularly uh avoiding corruption that's my area of expertise and i'm i'm delighted to hear thank you very president condi the new africa and obviously the attack on corruption i think that one of the major issues in africa is corruption and that is why we have decided to produce a new mining code so that it's fully transparent so that whatever happens in africa is to the internet all the mining contracts will be published on the internet everyone will know what's going on and our partners must know that we are determined to carry out transparent policy in the future there will be no secret contrast everyone will be treated in the same way and the people will be associated with the determination of policies that's the best way of fighting against corruption but i think talking about globalism and other infrastructure africa has to have a policy they could have an african policy of infrastructure the problem of bottlenecks will uh will be solved if there is an african policy of energy uh then there will be a few of bottlenecks and therefore what we need is a minimum size of the market for those uh it was supposed to be profitable our markets are too short too small because we haven't been able in we haven't been able to define a continent wide policy we uh don't have anything like that the unitedans did it with with this still in power after the second world war we have to use the african union look at this issue if infrastructure is limited to one or two countries that's not enough we need an african policy and they want to buy that african policy if someone knows that the road being built is going to be a step on the road to to have that road from cake town to out here then that will be a very different deal so africa has to give a different image that the african has in the past african leaders have to give another image to the world they have to show that they are really concerned with the interests of their population especially young people and women and they have to do everything they can to ensure that their national resources are developed for the profit of their own people and that will increase their capacity to consume and encourage foreign investors to come to our countries if we remain closed within our home borders if we don't provide full transparency to management then that will happen the first thing to do to fight against corruption is full transparency and the publication of information on the internet for the contracts are on the internet so that everyone knows where the contract is signed the best guarantee for an investor is transparency prime minister meleis do you see the possibility of these transparency requirements going right across africa do you see as president kondi does an african energy minister an african infrastructure minister coming out of the african union or is that going too quick well in terms of infrastructure policy we actually have done a lot of the job already the preparatory work already uh we have the uh pida this is the infrastructure program for the whole of the continent uh and in that context we also have a recent initiative by president zuma for specific infrastructure projects whether it's railways pipelines gas pipelines roads ports and so on we may need to do a little bit more we may need to refine it but i think most of the work has already been done and we have the nepad authority which is which is doing this job and is going to coordinate implementation of of the continental infrastructure work so much of the preparatory work has been done but when it comes to infrastructure i think what you said when you're prime minister of the united kingdom in in the united nations is very important we need a new consensus on infrastructure the washington consensus on infrastructure in africa has not worked and it will not work the washington consensus on infrastructure in africa is that the public sector should not do infrastructure it's for the private sector to do infrastructure some infrastructure activities can be done by the private sector but a lot of the infrastructure work has to be done by the private sector or is it by the public sector or else it will not be done and it's not just roads so what we need from our partners is loans technological support capacity building and by the way a lot of that is already happening there are partners particularly from asia the indians and the chinese are investing a lot in infrastructure and through the african public sector so we need more of that we need to diversify that now in terms of ministers of industry and agriculture and so on at the africa level um we need to coordinate obviously and and we someone there to lead these coordination but he can't will a common government for the continent into existence it has to be a process of of process of integration it took more than 50 years for the europeans to come up with a common currency and it appears that they they they they it appears they went a bit too fast for some of their of their members so we need to learn all the all the lessons carefully and we need to move carefully here president zuma you've got guinea with its energy offering to be part of a coordinated energy policy in africa presumably that's quite attractive yeah well in one sense yes it is quite attractive i i think prime minister malasas has really responded to the issue there is a lot of work going on already in the infrastructure we have five regional groupings that really coordinate the regions and the aim is to emerge to a point where we'll be able to coordinate all of these there are a lot of reasons why uh you can't do it immediately you've got it to move a step by step i think president gigwede referred to the three regionals that have come together that's part of the process that begins to move forward what through the napad what the au has taken a very firm decision is really to ensure that we do the infrastructure in a coordinated manner as the continent and that is coordinated in the main through the napad napad structures and it has substructures that are dealing with these matters i think we are at that stage at this point in time but i think what we need to do is to have the kind of understanding as the countries how do we deal with our resources as a continent that point i think uh the the the the president of kinecon is absolutely correct can we discuss as the as the continent what do we do with our huge resources because for centuries we have not determined what happens to our resources it has been other countries out out of africa that have determined this and of course even now and is a point i made at the beginning they would not want to leave us without influencing that kind of interaction that is why i think there is a need for that discussion to coordinate it broadly even between the regions what do we do with our resources beneficiation for an example which is very important so that what do we have what will produce can then be utilized by us it determined by us as to what is it that want to do with it from that point of view i think we need that kind of discussion and i'm sure a discussion even between the regional economic regional groupings we can actually discuss that i'm going to have to bring this session to a close by thanking our five prime ministers and presidents i think you've seen today a demonstration that the fastest growing continent in the world is determined to keep reforming keep innovating keep that coordinating its policies better give attention to the problems of infrastructure education regional cooperation corruption transparency the better use of energy and that you have determined reformers here who are ready to you're ready to work with the rest of the world would you like this and then no more if you'll prevent it i hope that at the next meeting with the african union we will agree to set up a list for african ministries and ministries energy for all african energy policy and ministry the minister of infrastructure to look at all infrastructure issues and the history of trade to ensure that all obstacles to trade are reduced and i hope we can agree on those three ministries for all of africa well you had it here first these these bold suggestions about the future of africa but what you've got is a determination from african leaders to lead the reform process and i think that is a message that is being sent out to the world from here in davis today thank you all very much could you thank our presidents and prime ministers for contributing to this great occasion