 And I'm the coordinator of Code Ping Congress. Really honored to be with you tonight. Thank you so much for joining us. I'm here with my co-host, Medea Benjamin, and Cole Harrison, the executive director of Massachusetts Peace Action, MAPPA. And with Lisa Clark coming to us all the way from Italy and Reiner Braun all the way from Germany. It's about 2 o'clock in the morning there. So props for them for getting up early in the morning to join us. OK, so we're going to get started right away because we want to be mindful that they might want to get some sleep tonight. Tonight, we are talking about Europe's anti-war movement. We're really excited to learn more about what's happening there. In this country, Code Ping and MAPPA, we're involved in launching the Peace and Ukraine Coalition, peaceandukraine.org. We've been hosting street vigils, delegations to Congress, protests outside of Congress members' offices to say we want to cease fire now, but we don't want more weapons to fan the flames of war. But let's find out what's happening in Europe, where demonstrations have been sweeping Italy and very active in Germany and Berlin, also in France and Portugal. So Medea, please introduce our first guest. Yes, excellent. We are very excited to have Lisa Clark with us. Lisa is an Italian peace activist and co-president of the International Peace Bureau. She lived in Sarajevo, a city under siege in the 1990s, and then in other areas of Bosnia and Kosovo, where she supported nonviolent groups. She later participated in human rights and election monitoring missions around the world, from Palestine to Somalia. Since 2005, when the US Federation of Atomic Scientists revealed the presence of US nuclear weapons on two Italian air bases, Lisa's activism has concentrated on nuclear disarmament campaigns in Italy and internationally. And I know that you have been very involved since the Russia invasion of Ukraine in organizing these massive demonstrations all across Italy. So we're very excited to have you with us, Lisa, to learn something of how you've been able to do it and what lessons we might learn here in the United States. Well, good morning for me. Good evening to you. It's 2 o'clock in the morning here. And I must confess that I just got up for this, especially. And I am going to go back to bed afterwards. But I'd like to add that I am the former IGB co-president, no longer. And I thought that I'd give you an idea of the difference between Europe and the United States, especially if you think of in the 1930s when the economic crisis hit. In the United States, you introduced a new deal. And in Europe, we created totalitarian, murderous totalitarianisms. So we've always been reacting differently to the same situations. I think, though, that after the Second World War, we reacted differently. Certainly Italy did, but most of the countries in Europe. We had a very strong resistance movement in Italy. And this resistance movement was founded on anti-fascism. And it came together to right the Constitution and create the new country. And our Constitution has a very important, I mean, anti-fascism is the basic backbone of it. That doesn't mean it's always been fully respected and abided by, but it's there. And the peace element is very important. We have an article in the Constitution that states that Italy repudiates, which is a stronger word for rejects war as an instrument of aggression or as a means of solving controversies. And all Italians have brought up on that. Now, of course, in recent years, the warmongering rhetoric has gained ground. They used to always be in the laps of the arms industry in the past 40 years, but they were ashamed to admit it. Now they're beginning no longer to be ashamed of admitting this fact. From the minute the Russian troops invaded Ukraine, we at the Italian peace and disarmament network realized that we were going to have to extend our network to include other networks, but we already had a structure there. We already had different kinds of activities. We had nuclear disarmament. We had the action against the arms trade. We had serious research studies on military expenditure. So, and we were already a network. So I think we were at an advantage compared to peace movements in other countries. And by within a week, we had the first demonstration, which was mostly a demonstration in local cities and local communities. And it was in the communities that we built up our future actions. We've decided to have monthly something, some kind of events. So we put together different kinds of events, which were local demonstrations. I saw that you mentioned that in Italy someone had banners saying, exit from NATO. That is not one of our platform statements. Our platform statements have been much broader to ensure that we can have a totally, a huge majority in the following. The final platform which we worked out for the fifth of November demonstration that brought 100,000 people to Rome was first, of course, the ceasefire because our basic concerns are humanitarian concerns. We don't want to be involved so much in the overall political anti-war actions, but rather in the pro-peace actions in favor of the people. And we believe that this is the way to get everyone on board. So the ceasefire is the first thing we're asking for. And the second thing we're asking for is immediate negotiations. We believe that it is the role of Europe to promote peace negotiations that include us all, include all the countries and the civil societies. And the third point on our platform is to ban nuclear weapons because that is something that we feel is important these days to include in the general platform. As I said, we have included in our networks, we now have not just peace and disarmament activists but also development NGOs, faith-based groups, trade unions, local government institutions and organizations of professionals such as journalists, teachers, physicians. The journalists have been particularly important because they have felt that some of their colleagues are playing a role in the war by developing the war rhetoric that takes over communication in this country, information in this country. I'm sure it's the same in other countries as well. And so we're doing our best on that sphere. And we have not just events in Italy, demonstrations in Italy, taking stands but we also have caravans to Ukraine itself where we take tons of humanitarian aid, the aid that is requested by our partner associations in Ukraine and we have partner organizations that are resisting