 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss the cultural change and its current and modern view and how this cultural change is going to be reflected tomorrow. So we see that change is a gradual process and it's a permanent and constant reflection of your culture. Culture is not something which is stagnant, culture can never be stagnant, it's always subject to change however. If we look at the word around us today, we see that these cultural changes are very rapid and are abruptly shaping and reshaping our lives. So cultural change refers to the transformation of culture norms, values and practices over time. So today, culture change in Pakistan is being driven by the process of globalization, urbanization and spread of technology and social media. As you can see and you are practicing yourself that how social media is rapidly changing your lifestyle, is rapidly changing your behavior patterns and your practices. So this cultural change is occurring right in front of you however, we sometimes we do not feel that how these are changing and how these are shaping and reshaping our lives. So this kind of change is happening right in front of us but maybe we do not feel that these things are rapidly affecting our belief system and our practices. For example, social media or modern technology or new technological advancements, these changes have led the emergence of new cultural practices such as the rise of social media influencers and the growth of this gig economy. The social media influencers is a modern phenomenon that every second person is trying to be that social media influencer today. However, cultural change in Pakistan is also being shaped by political and economic factors including the rise of populism and the increasing divide between rich and poor. So you see that as inflation is increasing and the price is rising, the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. So due to this gap, the cultural changes, although they are negative but they do come in and they do have a very strong effect on not only on your economy but also on your social life. If we speak about the future, the cultural change in Pakistan is likely to be driven by the demographic shifts including the growth of youth population. As you know, we have a lot of bulk of youth population and the changing nature of the work and employment.