 Felly, mae'n meddwl yn gweithio, ac mae'n amser o'r ddaeth y thamag ysgol, felly rydyn ni'n edrych o'r ffordd o'r ysgolwch yng ngyfledig a oedol, o'r llwyddiad ysgolwch. Rydyn ni'n meddwl o'r 30 oes ar gyfer yr yrwyth i'r arnod yn cyfwyrdiad o'r yrwyth i'r 30 oes ar gyfer yr yrwyth i'r yrwth. Felly, mae'n cymaint ar y ddweudio ond mae'n cymhwyllfa, ar y teriywyr sydd yn gyfyrdiad meddwl yw'r cyfrifol, ieddaf yn ymddi'r llwyr a'r taethau, ac amgylchedd yma i ddim yn yma ymddi'r rhai yn y maen, aeth yn ymddi'r sefydliad. Felly, yma yw'n rhoi'n mynd i'w gweithio'n rhai yn ymddi'r 14 mennydau a'r ysgolwyd yn ymddi'r ychydig yn ysgrifennu. Rydych chi'n mynd i ddweud y dyfodol yn y Baltic Eisteddfodol, mae'n rhaid i'ch gweithio'r hwnnw i'ch gweithio'r hwnnw. Y dyfodol traddwl yn hynny'r historiograffiaeth mae'r ysgrifennu bwysigol yn y Baltic Eisteddfodol yn y bwysigol yma. Felly, mae'n mynd i'n mynd i'n mynd i'n mynd i'n mynd i'ch Maen nhyw felly yn defnyddiad ar allan 50 rhan, sy'n geithradd trwy ddames ar gael blaen, yn ymddangos ffordd gwirionedd dyma. A yma, os yma y maes yr ysgol gwirionedd, felly mae'n gwirionedd yn ysgrifwm i'r gyffredig sy'n gyffredig. Mae'n gwirionedd mae'n rhaid wneud yn ddechrau o sixu wedi yma a ysgolwyddon o'r llyfr yn y tydd, sy'n meddwl yn y cyntaf. Yn y gyfnod y cyfnod, mae'n mynd i gael'r pwyllt o'r cyfrifol o'r cyfrifol o'r cyfrifol sy'n mynd i gael i'r cyfrifol o'r cyfrifol, ac mae'n mynd i'n ffordd o'r cyfrifol o'r cyfrifol. Felly, mae'n ffordd o'r cyfrifol i'ch cyfrifol sydd wedi'i'r cyfrifol, a'r lyfr o'r hynny yn y mlyneddol yma, gallwn i'r cyfrifol ar gyfer. gallwch ei wneud hynny o'r dyfloedd y ffordd yma neu gallai dod o'r ffordd am gyfod ar gyfer y dyn nhw. Ystyn bach yn y Cymru tua, ac yna'r ystyn yn y bydd y model o'r gweithr siaradau a'r gweithrdd sferdoeddol yma. A hynny'n gyhoedd yr ysgol wedi'i bwrch, maen i'r model sy'n cyfwrod yma, oherwydd o'r llogleau'r newydd ac eich holl hwnnw, oherwydd yma, i'r ddweud o'r maes ar gyfer hyn. Mae'r cyfnod oedd yn dweud yn bwysig, ond yw'r cyffredin iawn mae'r cyffredin iawn yn Estonia, a'r cyffredin iawn yn ymwysig o'r cyffredin iawn, a'r cyffredin iawn yn bwysig. Yn ymwysig o'r bwysig o'r prif erbyn, mae'n gweithio'r cyffredin iawn, sylwgr o'r gyflym lleoli cwedigol gyda cymhwyr hilydd ymんigoedd neu ddwyg Fyrdd yn Lywodraeth Cymru, a un o'r cyfnod yma yn Fartsewach gyda'r cyffredin iawn cyfrannu lleol o'r cyfrannu lleoli deolhau gwyrddran i'r cyfrannu ar moneg unlikelyll arlyniau cyfuenceu argrannu chefwyr arbennig. Felly, yma, y cyfrannu llfaenysydd iawn i'r cyfrannu llyffr ymdyn nhw himn yn mynd ychydigas Cyn iddo yn ymdill, oedd yma'r awdurd yn y 11a. Maen nhw'n credu ar y cyflogol hefyd ar y Tartu, ac yn ymdill y meddwl yma. Ymdill yma, mae'r awdurd yn y same y haith, a'i yw'r arnyf yn y stêl ar y 5a. Yma'r awdurd yn y casgliadau yma, ddyn ni'n ddiddordeb ar y sgol yma. Mae'r awdurd wedi'i ddwylo ar gyfer y Fawr Rhwy, iawn o'r trafod nifer eich frayr ar gyfer y gyflawn o gweithio ar y maen nhw i'ch gweithio'r gweithio'r liedd ar y maen nhw i'ch gweithio'r lyth wedi'u gwneud. A o'r hunain yr unrhyw gwaith, rydyn ni wedi'n dechrau i ddweud i gwybod yma, yn yr hyn yn amlwg yma sy'n ymgyrch yn ddweud yn y ddweud y maen nhw i'ch gweithio'r llai. The general picture, which I already referred to, was that the gradual development of the pre-urban centres took a quick turn after the conquest, which meant that the new urban development was definitely top down, led by German not only merchants, but also newly founded states and was rather quick. Here's the timeline for my historical sources to talk to from the licence given to a bishop to build a town up to saying that a war town had been founded in the next 30 years, and the traditional understanding of this written information has been that it had already been a war town. What I've been doing during the last few years is trying to map the archaeological finds from the town area. Here the red dots on my map are the main excavated areas which have yielded any information about 13th century Tartu, and the picture emerging is something which rather looks like that the 13th century settlement has been rather disproportionate. Here are some of the most easily characteristic types of pottery which could be distinguished among most of the archaeological collections that we have, and what is important here is that here are some of the vessel types which allow choices to be understood. For example, those here marked with black dots on the map are those of local making, while those with a green dot are the Paphrat war of German origin, both used as cooking war during the 13th century. Another example to be given here are those marked with yellow dots at the face jugs of North Scandinavian origin also concentrating around the later market place situated on the southern side of the town. To make a quick conclusion out of the distribution of ceramic finds in the town area, we could see that there is a great concentration next to the area where the market place has later been located. This idea, however, is also later justified with analysis of certainly 13th century house types, those timber framed houses which also tend to concentrate differently in this area. However, of this interest is the area just south of the town wall, a larger area which also has most of the item types of that period present. So, to move on to a question about the town wall of Tartu. With medieval walled towns, as usual, we should first pay your attention to the situation where Tartu is. It is a region where natural stone is a short supply, which means that most of the medieval buildings are brick made, which also means that there's not a great chance to start town building from the town wall. A classical research done during last years and published already several years ago has shown that on two locations where the town wall could be dated strategically, it had emerged no earlier than the very end of the 13th century, which means that the stone wall most likely was not built before but at least not in the southeastern corner and on the river side of the town. There have been suggestions that Woodham Palace said was present before that but so far have been no indication of that kind of construction, so we do not have any information what actually the townscape looked like before that. Of course, this suggestion has moved on to the interpretation of the town shape in general, which means that the location of marketplace plus the missing of a southern town wall has given forth to the idea that the town area has extended further south and being replanned during the 14th century. Another question which has been asked during that and which to my mind can be connected with interpretation of top down and bottom up ideas in the town formation of Tartu is the location of churches. As the 13th century town in Tartu was definitely the forming centre of a Bishokric, it certainly should have been planned as a cathedral site and the forming urban community, the definitely needed church. So far there is only one indication when we have a definitely 13th century church made of wood which presates the later probably best known and John's church of Tartu known for its terracotta sculptures but not built before the 13th thirties. The cathedral, one of the largest brick structures in the eastern Baltic, may have been formed in the second half of the 13th century but no traces of any brick structure before the 1260s. There has probably been an offer of church in the very north corner of that dedicated to the St George and may have also been built in the 13th century. Of course looking at the town plan there is one dot which is missing that is centrally located at St Mary's where we might in all likelihood think of a connection or marketplace, a town centre and a search but so far no positive information of any earlier churches. Another issue is a question of bridges in the town area. Here's the town plan with two medieval dated brick sites and here you can see how it looks on the geographical model. The northern one has been located with a river crossing site since the prehistoric times and this probably was the reason why this site was at all chosen first for a hill port located here on that site and later for the medieval town. For the southern one there is written documentation from the 16th century and it was later connected with the bastion building of the 17th century, quite well readable from this geographic situation. So the location of the town, the two bridges and of course the quite small size of the town leads to a question whether the two were really simultaneous or was there any other reason for that and recently there has been actually a suggestion that the not have always been in simultaneous use so it actually may have been that this and then the other and then again the third one so actually the question of a town plan analysis here does not help we do need any remains. So what was I was trying to discuss here is the role of model based suggestions in the discussion of town formation in tattoo. Does it enhance all of your points on the research questions which I have been addressing or are we are restricted by the models that we know that should have been there. We should look for a early church. We should have a town wall and we should have a 13th century cultural layer. Of course there's a question how to proportionally find a solution balancing those top down processes which are needed for any urban development with obtained archaeological data and my suggestion so far has been trying to collect whatever there is so that we have to accommodate this and that to come up with most reasonable solution to the existing facts. So so far research has mostly focused on the spatial development of a town area where there's probably been most archaeological information used. There has been model based suggestions which have been used to form new research questions and there have been data based considerations such as the short lifespan of prehistoric settlement based on the long formation project of 13th century town which do not very well fit into the material remains but anyhow. And finally there have been several episodes that led to a way that the town of tattoo has taken in present space. So basically speaking it has taken something with it from the long history. So thank you for that.