 Chapter 6 of Rating with Morgan by Byron Dunn. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Capture by Home Guards. All through Kentucky during the war there were companies of troops known as Home Guards. They were in reality the militia of the State. They in many instances rendered valuable service and did much to keep Kentucky in the Union. If it had not been for them, the Federal Government would have been obliged to keep twice as many troops in the State as it did. Not been under a strict discipline as the United States troops, they were more dreaded by the Southern element than the regular army. These Home Guards were very bitter, and lost no opportunity of harassing those who clung to the cause of the South. Now and then there were bands of these Guards that were nothing but bands of guerrillas who lived by plundering, and they were frequently guilty of the most cold-blooded murders. It was by such a band that Calhoun was captured. He had been scouting toward Frankfurt to see if the Federals were moving any considerable body of troops from that place to attack Morgan. He found them so frightened that they were not thinking of attacking Morgan. They were bending every nerve to defend the city from an expected attack by him. He was on his way back with the news that there was no danger from the direction of Frankfurt when he was told that a band of Home Guards—that were, in fact, a set of robbers—had their haunts in the rough, hilly country to the south of him, and he determined to try to affect their capture. After riding several miles and hearing nothing of them, he ordered a return to Midway. The day was very hot, and coming to a cross-road where several trees cast their grateful shade and a little brook ran babbling by, he ordered his men to halt and rest. The shade and the water were very acceptable to both man and beast. Dismounting, the men lay sprawling around in the shade. Seeing a house standing on an eminence up the cross-road, Calhoun decided to take one of his soldiers, named Nevels, and ride up to it to see if he could learn anything. "'Better let us all go. There's no telling what one may run into in this country,' said a sergeant named Graham, who, in the absence of Calhoun, would be in command of the little company. No, Graham, answered Calhoun, both men and horses are tired, and need the little rest they are getting. I do not think there is any danger. If I see anything suspicious, I will signal to you. With these words Calhoun, with his companion, rode away. There he goes, as careless as if there were not an enemy within forty miles, said Graham, looking after them and shaking his head. I tell you, the lieutenant will get into trouble some of these days. He is altogether too rash, never thinks of danger. "'Don't worry about the lieutenant,' lazily replied one of the men. He never gets into a scrape without getting out of it. He is a good one, he is.' The sergeant did not answer, but stood earnestly gazing after his chief, who by this time was about a quarter of a mile away. Here Calhoun and Neville's descended into a depression which for a moment would hide them from the watchful eyes of the sergeant. As Calhoun entered this depression he noticed that a thick growth of underbrush came up close to the side of the road, affording a splendid place for concealment. For a moment a feeling as if unseen danger came over him, but nothing suspicious could be seen or heard, and dismissing the thought he rode forward. Suddenly Calhoun's horse stopped and pricked up his ears. "'What's the matter, Salem? What do you see?' exclaimed Calhoun, as he gently touched him with a spur. The horse sprang forward, but had gone a few yards when, as suddenly as if they had arisen out of the ground, a dozen men with leveled guns arose by the side of the road and demanded their surrender. And as the chance was, Calhoun wheeled his horse to flee, when before him soot a dozen more men. His retreat was cut off. "'Surrender, or you are dead men,' cried the leader. Calhoun saw they were surrounded by at least twenty-five men, and the most villainous-looking set they were. There was no help for it. To refuse to surrender meant instant death, and Calhoun and Neville's yielded as gracefully as possible. The sergeant stood still, looking up the road, waiting for them to appear, when he caught sight of the head of a man, and then of another, and another. Boys he shouted excitedly, something is wrong, the lieutenant is in trouble. The little squad sprang to their horses, and without thinking of danger, or what force they would meet, rode to the rescue, the sergeant in the lead. But when they neared the place, they were met with a volley, which brought three of the horses down, and seriously wounded two of the men. Foward shouted the sergeant, staggering to his feet, and holding his wounded arm, from which blood was streaming. But another volley brought down two more of the horses, and the sergeant seeing their route numbered more than two to one, ordered a hold, and made preparations to resist a charge, which he thought would surely come. No charge came, and all was silent in front. The sergeant ordered an advance, but no enemy was found. They had silently decamped, and left no trace behind, and had taken Calhoun and Neville's with him. Crippled as they were, and the sergeant suffering terribly from his wound, it was decided it would be madness to pursue with their small force. So one of the men on a swift horse was sent to carry the news to Morgan, while the others followed more leisurely. When the news reached camp, the greatest excitement prevailed, and every man in the command clamored to be sent to the rescue. Colonel Morgan chose Captain Huffman, who, with thirty of his famous Texan Rangers, was soon galloping to the scene of the encounter, under the guidance of the courier who had brought the news. On the way they met Calhoun's little squad, sorrowfully returning. Not a man but begged to be allowed to go with a rescuing party, but this, on account of the tired condition of their horses, and on account of the two wounded men, had to be refused. It was well along in the afternoon when the theatre of the encounter was reached. Captain Huffman had with him three or four men, who for years had been accustomed to Indian fighting in Texas. These men took up the trail and followed it like bloodhounds. After going three or four miles the advance ran into two men, who sought safety by running into the woods, but a shot in the leg brought one of them down, and he was captured. At first he denied knowing anything of the affair, saying he had heard nothing of a fight. But when Captain Huffman ordered a rope to be brought, and it was placed around his neck, he begged pietously, saying that if they would spare his life he would tell them all he knew. And this is what he told them. He belonged to a band of men, led by a man known as Red Bill, for his floored complexion. It was this band that had captured Calhoun and Neville's. It seemed that the officer whom they had captured had known Red Bill and Danville, and taunted him with being a chicken thief. This so angered Red Bill that he determined to hang the officer. This resulted in a quarrel among the members of the band, many of whom had become tired of the leadership of Red Bill, being fearful that his crimes would bring retribution upon their heads. At last it was agreed that the band would disperse. Red Bill, on the promise that he might have the two horses captured, agreeing to deliver the two prisoners to the Federal Commander at Frankfurt. But added the prisoner, whose name was Evans, I doubt if they ever reached Frankfurt. I reckon Red Bill will find some means of getting rid of them before he gets there. Captain Huffman listened to this story with horror. If this miscreant makes way with Lieutenant Pennington and Neville's, I will haunt him to his death. If it takes ten years, he declared. Then turning to Evans he asked, did any of the gang side with Red Bill? Yes, five of them did, and stayed with him, was the answer. And you men, at least twenty of you, by your own story, coolly left our men to be foully murdered, furiously demanded Captain Huffman. The prisoner hung his head, but did not answer. Answer, thundered Huffman. Red Bill promised to take them to Frankfurt, he at length managed to say. And you have just admitted that his promise was worth nothing. Where did this thing occur? Where did you leave Red Bill and his prisoners, demanded Huffman? About three miles from here answered Evans. Lead us to the place at once. I dare not, he whimpered. Red Bill will kill me if I give away the place of Rendezvous. We are under a terrible oath not to reveal it. You need not fear Red Bill, answered Captain Huffman, in ominous tones, for I am going to hang you. Boys, bring the rope. Mercy, mercy, gasp the shivering wretch. Then lead us to the place where you left Red Bill, and that quickly. My wound he whined, pointing to his leg. Bind up his legs at Huffman to one of his men. The wound was rudely dressed, and then Evans was placed on a horse in front of a sturdy trooper. Now take us to the place where you left Red Bill, by the shortest and quickest route. You say it is three miles. If we don't reach it in half an hour, I will hang you like a dog. And continued Huffman to the trooper in front of whom Evans was riding, blow out his brains at the first sign of treachery. For answer the trooper touched his revolver significantly. After riding swiftly for about two miles, Evans bade them turn into a path which led into the woods. The way became rough and rocky, and their progress was necessarily slower. Evans was in mortal terror, least the half hour would be up before they could reach the place. It's right down there, he said at length, pointing down a ravine which led to a stream. The place was admirably adopted for concealment. On a small-level place, surrounded by high cliffs, stood a tumble downhouse. It was shut in from view from every point except the single one on which they stood. Leave the horses here, whispered Huffman. I think I caught sight of someone down there. We will creep up on them, unawares. Leaving the horses in charge of ten men, Captain Huffman, with the rest of his force, silently crept down the gorge. He would now turn to Calhoun. After he was captured and heard his men cheering as they made the charge, his heart stood still, for he expected they would all be killed. He was therefore greatly surprised when the firing ceased, and his captors came running back, and hurried him through the woods at breakneck speed. The rapid pace was kept up for about three miles. When finding they were not pursued, they adopted a more leisurely gait. This Calhoun was glad, for he was entirely out of breath. The leader of the gang and another, probably the second in command, had appropriated the horses, and Calhoun and Neville said been forced to walk, or rather run. Once Calhoun ventured to ask the result of the fight, and was told that all of his men had been killed. This he knew to be a lie, as his captors would not have retreated so hastily if they had achieved so sweeping a victory. He asked another question, but was roughly told to shut up. When the rendezvous was reached, Redbill for the first time noticed his prisoners closely. He started when he saw Calhoun, and then, turning to his gang, said, I reckon we had better string these fellows up, and get them out of the way. String us up, boldly answered Calhoun, and I would not give a cent for your worthless lives. Morgan would never rest as long as one of you encumbered the earth. Who is afraid of Morgan? exclaimed Redbill with an oath. He and the rest of you are nothing but horse thieves, and you will all hang one of these days. I know you, my young rooster. You are the son of that old rebel judge Pennington of Danville. I have it in for him. And I know you now, hotly replied Calhoun, forgetting the danger he was in. You used to live in Danville, and went by the name of Redbill. Your popularity consisted in the fact that you were known as an adept chicken thief. My father once sent you to jail for pettit larceny. Bill's face grew still redder. You lie, you doggie-hist. Your father did send me to jail, but I were innocent, and he noted. But he thought I were only poor white trash, and he wasn't aristocrat. I swore to have my revenge, and I will have it. Boys, what do weans do with horse thieves in old Kentucky? Hang'em exclaimed four or five voices. And weans will hang this crow in Bantam. I will learn him to call me a chicken thief, classin' me with niggers, exclaimed Redbill with fury. What will weans do with the other fella? asked one of the men. Hang him, too. Dead men don't talk. But some of the gang began to demour over this summary proceeding, saying that the federal authorities would deal severely with them if it became known they murdered prisoners in cold blood. Not only this, but Morgan had captured hundreds of home guards and paroled them. But if they should execute one of his prominent officers, he would show no mercy. The discussion became so hot that they came nearly fighting among themselves. At last one of them said, I'm tired of this whole business. I'm going home. And I and I cried a dozen voices. It was finally agreed that the gang should disband. Only five agreeing to remain with Redbill, being allowed to keep the plunder and horses they had captured. These men with Redbill promised to deliver Calhoun and Neville's to the federal authorities at Frankfurt unharmed. Calhoun and Neville's had watched this quarrel among their captors with the utmost anxiety, knowing that upon the result depended their lives. It was with the deepest concern that they beheld the members of the party depart, leaving them with Redbill and his five Boone companions. No sooner were they alone than the six with oaths and jeers tied their prisoners securely to trees, drawing the cords so closely that they cut into the flesh. Although the pain was terrible, neither Calhoun nor Neville's utter to moan. After the prisoners were thus securely tied, Redbill produced a bottle of whiskey, and the six commenced drinking, apparently taking no notice of their captives. The whole six were soon fiendishly drunk. Staggering up to Calhoun, Redbill growled. Think, Wiens, I'm going to take you to Frankfurt, I reckon. As what you promised, replied Calhoun calmly. Well, Wiens ain't. Wiens is going to hang you. Calhoun turned pale, then controlling himself by a powerful effort. He replied, Do the Home Guards of Kentucky violate every principle of Honorable Warfare? Damn Honorable Warfare! You ens called me a chicken thief, and I call you a horse thief. Horse thieves are hanged. The son of Judge Pennington strung up for stealing horses. Won't that sound nice? And he burst into a devilish laugh, in which he was joined by the others. Calhoun saw there was no hope. It was hard to die such an ignominious death. Oh, he thought, if I had only been permitted to die amid the flame and smoke of battle, such a death is glorious. But this? A great lump arose in his throat, and came near choking him. In it back he whispered to Neville's, Don't show the white feather. Let them see how Morgan's men can die. The brave fellow nodded. He could not speak. He had a wife and child at home. They were unbound from the tree, but their arms and limbs were kept tightly pinioned. Ropes were brought and tied around their necks, and the free ends thrown over a limb of a tree. Can ye tie a true hangman's knot, Jack? Just red of the villain who was adjusting the rope around Calhoun's neck? That I can read, he answered, with a chuckling laugh. It's as neat a job as any sheriff can do. The sun had just sunk to rest. The gloom of night was settling over the forest. Calhoun saw the shadows thicken among the trees. The darkness of death would soon be upon him. String him up, shouted Red. Just then the solemn hoot of a distant owl was heard. One of the men holding the rope dropped it and shivered from head to foot. Boy, as he whispered, let's don't do it. That's a note of warning. I never knew it to fail. Cusky for a white-livered, cowered, yelled Redbill. String them up, I tell you. For answer there came the sharp crack of rifles, the rush of armed men, and the infuriated Texans were on them. No mercy was shown. In a moment it was all over. Quickly the cords which bound Calhoun and Neville's were cut, and the terrible nooses removed from their necks. Thank God we were in time, cried Captain Huffman, ringing Calhoun's hand. But Calhoun stood as one in a trance. So sudden had been his deliverance he could not realize it. He had nerve'd himself to die, and now that he was safe he felt sick and faint, and would have fallen if he had not been supported. Both he and Neville soon rallied, and poured out their thanks to the brave men who had come to their rescue. We would never have found you, said Huffman, if we had not run on one of the gang who under the threat of death piloted us here. Where is he, asked Calhoun? With the boys up with the horses. Let him go, pleaded Calhoun, but for him I would now have been food for the buzzards. To which we will leave these carrion, answered Huffman, pointing to the dead home guards. But we must be going, Morgan is impatient to be on the road. Great was the rejoicing in Morgan's command when Captain Huffman returned, bringing Calhoun and Neville's safe, and much satisfaction was expressed over the fate of their captors. In half an hour after the return of Captain Huffman's command, Morgan's men were en route for Paris. CHAPTER VII After leaving Midway, Morgan did not march directly to Paris, but halted at Georgetown, a little city twelve miles north of Lexington. The citizens of Georgetown gave Morgan's command the same joyous welcome which they had received at almost every place visited, for Morgan came to them not as an enemy, but as a liberator. From Georgetown, Morgan resolved to attack Synthiana, which lies north of Paris, having heard there was a considerable body of Federal Troops stationed there, sending a small force toward Lexington to keep up the fiction of an attack upon that place, Morgan moved with the main body of his force upon Synthiana. Here was fought the fiercest battle that Morgan was engaged in during his raid. Synthiana was held by Colonel John J. Landrum of the 18th Kentucky. He had under him about four hundred men, mostly home guards and raw recruits. Landrum put up the most gallant defense, and the battle raged for an hour and a half with the greatest fury. It was at last decided by a furious charge made by Major Evans at the head of his Texas Rangers. The entire force of Colonel Landrum was killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. Colonel Morgan lamented the loss of some forty of his bravest men. Calhoun was not in this fight, having been sent with his scouts toward Lexington to watch the movements of the enemy. From Synthiana Morgan moved on Paris, and the place surrendered without a shot being fired. Some twenty-five miles of the Cincinnati and Lexington Railroad was now in Morgan's possession, and he proceeded to destroy it as thoroughly as his limited time admitted. He was being encompassed by his enemies. A large force was moving on him from Frankfurt, another from Lexington. Calhoun, with his faithful scouts, kept him fully informed of these movements. Just in time to elude General Green Clay Smith's forces from Lexington, he marched for Winchester. His next move was to Richmond. Smith left all the pursuing forces in the rear. The celerity of Morgan's movements, the marvelous endurance of his men, astonished and confounded his enemies. At Richmond, Morgan decided to make a stand and give battle to his pursuers. But Calhoun brought word that at least five thousand Federals were closing in on him. To give battle to such a number would have been madness, so he marched for Crab Orchard. On the march Calhoun made a detour towards Landville, so as to visit the plantation of his uncle, Colonel Richard Shackleford. He was also in hopes of meeting his cousin Fred. He had heard how Fred had interceded for his father, keeping him from being sent to a northern prison, and he wished to thank him. He was ashamed of the hatred he had felt toward him, and resolved to make amends for it. His arrival was a genuine surprise, but to his consternation Fred presented himself in the uniform of a captain of the Federal Army. His men clamored to take Fred prisoner, but just as Calhoun has succeeded in quieting them, to his dismay Captain Conway came galloping upon the scene at the head of his company. He had obtained permission from Morgan to scout toward Danville. His real object was to capture Fred, who he knew was at home. Once in his hands he hoped to convict him as a spy. His plan was frustrated by the bold stand taken by Colonel Shackleford, who delivered Fred as a prisoner to Calhoun, with instructions to take him to Morgan. This Calhoun did, and Morgan at once paroled him, although Conway tried his best to have him held as a spy. Morgan not only paroled Fred, but let him return with the horse he had ridden, although many of the men looked on the splendid animal with envious eyes. But Morgan would not hear of their taking a horse which belonged to his old friend, Colonel Shackleford. Why didn't you ride that horse of yours, asked Captain Matthews of Fred, alluding to Fred's famous horse, Prince? Afraid you might keep him, laughed Fred. You are a good judge of a horse, Captain. Right you are, responded Matthews. I am sorry I didn't think of that horse when we were at Richmond. I would have visited you with my friend Conway and taken the horse. Think I will have to return for him yet. Fred thought little of what Matthews said, but that very night Matthews dispatched two of his men back in disguise to steal Fred's horse. From crab orchard Morgan marched to Somerset, surprising the place and capturing a large wagon-train. It was also a depot for army supplies, all of which Morgan gave to the torch. Here again he took possession of the telegraph office, and enlightened the Federals as to his movements. At Somerset Morgan's raid was practically at an end. There were no Federal troops in front of him. His pursuers were a day behind. After he had completed the destruction of all the United States property in the place and was ready to leave, he caused the following dispatches to be sent. Somerset, Kentucky, July 22, 1862, George D. Prentice, Louisville, Kentucky. Good morning, George D. I am quietly watching the complete destruction of all of Uncle Sam's property in this little burg. I regret exceedingly that this is the last that comes under my supervision on this route. I expect in a short time to pay you a visit, and wish to know if you will be at home. All well in Dixie. John H. Morgan, commanding brigade. Somerset, Kentucky, July 22, 1862. General J. T. Boyle, Louisville, Kentucky. Good morning, Jerry. This telegraph is a great institution. You should destroy it, as it keeps me too well posted. My friend Ellsworth has all of your dispatches since July 10th on file. Do you wish copies? John H. Morgan, commanding brigade. Somerset, Kentucky, July 22, 1862. General George Dunlap, Washington, D.C. Just completed my tour through Kentucky. Captured sixteen cities. Destroyed millions of dollars of United States property. Passed through your county. But regret not seeing you. We paroled fifteen hundred federal prisoners. Your old friend John H. Morgan, commanding brigade. The feelings of the above gentlemen, as they received these telegrams, can better be imagined than described. The one to General Boyle must have cut him to the quick as he read it. To know how completely Morgan had outwitted him was like gall and wormwood to him. From Somerset Morgan halted his command at Livingston, Tennessee, to take a much needed rest. Never did men need it more. They had accomplished one of the most astonishing feats in the annals of American warfare. No wonder the name of Morgan struck terror to the hearts of the Federals. Morgan in his report of his raids sums it up as follows. I left Knoxville on the fourth day of this month with about nine hundred men, and returned to Livingston on the twenty-eighth instant, with nearly twelve hundred, having been absent just twenty-four days. In which time I traveled over one thousand miles, captured seventeen towns, destroyed all the government property and arms in them, dispersed about fifteen hundred home-guards, and paroled nearly twelve hundred regular troops. I lost and killed, wounded and missing, of the number I carried into Kentucky about ninety. Morgan's command had not been in camp at Livingston more than two or three days, when to everyone's astonishment a couple of soldiers belonging to Captain Matthew's company came riding in the camp. One on Fred Shackelford's famous horse Prince, and the other on a well-known horse of Colonel Shackelford's called Blenheim. Calhoun hearing the cheering and laughter, which greeted the soldiers as they galloped in waving their hats and shouting, ran out of his quarters to see what was occasioning the excitement. He could hardly believe his eyes when he saw the well-known horse of Fred. Then his heart gave a great jump, for the thought came to him that his cousin had been way-laid and killed. But if so, how did the soldiers come to have Blenheim, too? To his relief he soon learned the truth of the story. Howe from Crab Orchard, Captain Matthews had sent back two of his company to capture Prince, and they had returned not only with Prince, but with Blenheim. Matthews was in high spirits as he appropriated Prince. Jumping on his back he galloped him through camp, showing off his fine points and declaring he could outrun any horse in the brigade. A match was soon arranged, but Prince so easily outstripped every competitor that soon no officer was found, who had the hardy-hood to enter his horse in the lists against him. Blenheim was awarded to Conway much to his satisfaction. He could not forego the opportunity of crowing over Calhoun, thinking he would be vexed over the capture of his cousin's horse. "'Why do you come blowing around me?' asked Calhoun, netled by his manner. I am neither the keeper of my cousin nor the keeper of his horse. Oh, you were so careful of his precious person when I took him prisoner. I did not know, but your carefulness might extend to his horse,' replied Conway with a sneer. Calhoun felt his blood boil, but controlling himself he replied, "'You did not take Captain Shackleford, and I am surprised that you should make such a statement. You forget that I was there before you. You would have let the fellow go,' snapped Conway. Just as Colonel Morgan did on his parole, answered Calhoun. It was your fault that he slipped through my fingers, exclaimed Conway, angrily. But my time will come. I have sworn to see him hanged before this war is over, and I shall. "'Catch your rabbit before you skin him,' Captain,' replied Calhoun, with provoking coolness, and the laugh was on Conway, who turned away with a muttered oath. Conway had entertained a secret dislike to Calhoun ever since their first meeting. Partly because he had been chosen by Morgan, instead of Conway himself, to go back to Kentucky, and partly on account of his being Fred's cousin. But after the affair at Colonel Shackleford's house he took little pains to conceal his dislike. Many of the officers of the brigade noticed this, and predicted that sooner or later there would be trouble between the two. But Calhoun was not through with being bantered over the capture of Prince. When Matthews came riding up, and with a flourish said, "'Ah, Lieutenant, I reckon you have seen this horse before. What do you think of him?' Now Matthews was a rough, rollicking fellow, and quite a favorite in the command. He and Calhoun were good friends, and so Calhoun answered pleasantly. He is the best horse in Kentucky. I know it, for I was once beaten by him in a race. But continued Calhoun with a laugh. My advice is to guard him very carefully, or Captain Shackleford will get him back sure. That horse is more tricks than you dream of." "'I am not worrying,' replied Matthews. One of your scouts has just had to fork over five dollars to one of my men, on a bet they made at Crab Orchard, that I could not get the horse. Perhaps you would like to bet I can't keep him.' "'Yes, I will go you, twenty-five, that Captain Shackleford will have his horse back in less than two months,' answered Calhoun, dryly. "'Done,' exclaimed the captain gleefully, and the stakes were placed in the hands of Captain Huffman. The bet afforded much amusement to the officers, but all of them looked upon it as a very foolish bet on the part of Calhoun. "'That twenty-five is gone,' said Huffman to Calhoun, as he pocketed the stakes, but I am sure of having fifty dollars for at least two months.' "'I reckon I shall lose,' said Calhoun, but Matthews had better not let Shackleford get sight of his horse.' "'Why?' asked a dozen voices in concert. "'Because that horse is up to more antics than a trick horse in a circus. He will see if we ever run across my cousin in our raids.' "'I don't know what you mean,' said one of the officers. "'But your cousin will have a fine time getting that horse away from Jim Matthews.' "'Wait and see,' was Calhoun's answer.' It was not many days before they knew what Calhoun meant. A few days sufficed to rest Morgan's command, and it was not the nature of Morgan to remain long idle. He had to be doing something. It was known that the Confederate armies were about ready to make the long-talked-of forward movement into Kentucky. In fact, General Kirby Smith had already set out from Knoxville to invade eastern Kentucky, and General Bragg was nearly ready to take the initiative from Chattanooga. The Federal Army in Tennessee was scattered, and owing to the raids of Morgan and Forest, the men were on short rations. General Buell was at his wit's end. He knew that General Bragg was preparing to advance, but thought he would not attempt the invasion of Kentucky before attacking him. He therefore looked for a great battle somewhere in Middle Tennessee, and concentrated his forces for the event. Before Bragg moved, Morgan decided to strike another blow at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and this time right under the noses of the Federal Army. The Latin is only twenty-six miles from Nashville, and Morgan decided to attempt its capture. In order to spy out the land, Calhoun entered the place as a country lad. He found that it was garrisoned by a Federal force of about four hundred under the command of Colonel Boone. The discipline was lax. In daytime no pickets were out, and Calhoun found no difficulty in entering the place. He made himself known to a few of the citizens, and they gave him all the information possible. To them the coming of Morgan meant deliverance from a hateful foe. It did not take Calhoun long to find out the station of every picket at night. The camp of the Federals was on the fairground, half a mile from the city. Colonel Boone was accustomed to sleep at a hotel in the city. In fact his wife was sick at the hotel. Colonel Boone knew that Morgan was near and was fearful of an attack. He telegraphed both to Nashville and to General Buell at McMinnville for reinforcements, but no attention was paid to his demand. Instead he was ordered to send nearly half of his force away to intercept the drove of beef cattle which it was reported the Confederates were driving down from Kentucky. That the citizens might not know that his numbers were depleted, Colonel Boone did not send his force away until midnight, thinking no one would see them depart. But sharp eyes were watching. Nothing was going on in Galatin without Calhoun's knowledge. He lost no time in reporting to Morgan, and the attack came swiftly. Knowing the location of every picket post, Calhoun was able to effect their capture without the firing of a gun, and Morgan rode into Galatin without the knowledge of the Federal force which was only half a mile away. Colonel Boone was captured at the hotel. The first intimation he had that Morgan was in the city was when he was commanded by Calhoun to surrender. A demand was now made on the camp that it should surrender, which it did. Thus without firing a gun, Galatin with the entire Federal garrison and all the military stores which it contained was captured. In no time, Morgan ordered the company of Captain Matthews and Captain Conway, together with Calhoun's scouts, to take the stockade which guarded the tunnel six miles north of town. The attack was successful, the stockade surrendering after a slight resistance. The tunnel was now in the possession of the Confederates. A long train of cars which had been captured was piled with wood, rails, and other combustibles set on fire and run into the tunnel. The sides and roof of the tunnel were supported by heavy woodwork, and the whole tunnel was soon a roaring mass of flame. The wood, then burned away, the tunnel caved in, and it was months before a train ran through from Louisville to Nashville. Morgan had effectually blocked the road. Highly elated with their success, the command returned to Galatin, Matthews and Conway riding at the head of the column. Two Calhoun was committed to care of the prisoners, and he brought up the rear. When about halfway to Galatin, Calhoun heard the report of a single pistol shot in front, then a rapid succession of rifle shots. The head of the column seemed to be thrown into confusion, and the whole command came to a halt. Fearful that an attack had been made by a Federal force coming from Nashville, Calhoun gave orders to shoot down the first prisoner who attempted to escape, and prepared to resist any attack that might come. But no more firing was heard, and the column began to move again. Soon an officer came riding back and told Calhoun a story that interested him greatly. Matthews and Conway were riding at the head of the column, when, as it reached the cross-road, a peculiar sharp whistle suddenly pierced the air. Matthews's horse gave a prodigious bound, unseated his rider, and dashed up the cross-road. Conway's horse bolted, and in spite of Conway's efforts followed. A boy sprang out of the bushes into the road, and Matthews's horse stopped by his side. He fired at Conway, hitting him in the shoulder. To save himself from being shot again, Conway flung himself from his horse. The boy sprang on to Matthews's horse, and rode away at full speed, followed by the other horse. An ineffectual volley was fired at the boy. Captain Matthews's arm was broken by the fall. So Captain Matthews has lost his horse, asked Calhoun with a faint smile. Yes, he will quit blowing now. And I have won twenty-five dollars, but I am sorry Matthews had his arm broken. When Calhoun reached Galatin, Captain Conway had had his wound dressed, and Matthews's arm was in splints. Conway was in a towering passion. He blamed Calhoun for his ill luck, saying if it had not been for him, Fred Shackelford would have been hanged as a spy. From this time he did not try to conceal his hatred of Calhoun. Captain Matthews took his misfortune more philosophically. It was a blamed, sharp trick on the part of young Shackelford, he exclaimed. Then turning the Captain Huffman he said, Give that money to Lieutenant Pennington. He has won it. But I give you all fair warning. I shall get that horse back. My reputation depends upon it. To think that I, who prided myself on being one of the best horsemen in Morgan's troop, should be thrown. Blah! It makes me sick. And his face took on a look of disgust. I warned you, said Calhoun. That horse was up the tricks. When Fred gives that whistle he will unhors any rider who is on his back. I have seen Fred fry it time and time again with his father's nigger boys as riders, and Prince never failed of unhorsing them. When Fred gave that whistle, his horse would have gone to him or died in the attempt. I am sorry you didn't let Conway hang him, replied Matthews, gently rubbing his broken arm, but I will get even with him, see if I don't. I want that horse worse than ever. A few days after the capture of Galatin, a federal force moved up from Nashville, reoccupied the city, committed many depredations, and began arresting the citizens right and left, accusing them of complicity with Morgan. When Morgan heard of this, he had once moved to the relief of the distressed city. Attacking the rear guard of the enemy as it was leaving the place, he not only defeated them, but drove them to within seven miles of Nashville, capturing the force at Pilot Knob, and burning the high railroad trestle at that place. He also captured a train of cars and liberated forty of the citizens of Galatin who were being taken to Nashville as prisoners. They had been used with the greatest cruelty by their captors. In this raid, Morgan captured nearly two hundred prisoners. Notwithstanding the provocation was great, considering the way the citizens of Galatin had been used, Morgan treated his prisoners kindly and paroled them. The federal authorities, now being thoroughly alarmed, resolved to crush Morgan. To this end, a brigade of cavalry was organized at McMinnville, placed under the command of General R. W. Johnson, and sent against him. Johnson thought that Morgan was at Harzville, and marched against that place, but when he reached Harzville and learned that Morgan was at Galatin, he at once marched to attack him there, confident of easy victory. Up to this time, the Federalists had boasted that Morgan would not fight anything like an equal force, that he always attacked isolated posts with overwhelming numbers. They were now to learn something different. Morgan had been kept well posted by Calhoun, and his scouts with regard to every movement of Johnson. Although he knew that he was greatly outnumbered, Morgan resolved to give battle, and teach the boasting Yankees a lesson. Early on the morning of August twenty-first, Calhoun came galloping into Galatin with the information that Johnson was close at hand. To avoid fighting a battle in the city, Morgan moved out on the Harzville Pike, meeting the enemy about two miles from Galatin. The engagement opened at once with fury. Up to that time it was the greatest engagement fought in the West, in which cavalry only was engaged. For a time the Federalists fought bravely, and for an hour the issue of the battle was doubtful. In a charge stampeded a portion of the Federal forces. Thoroughly panic-strickened, they threw away guns, accoutrements, everything that impeded their progress, thinking only of safety in flight. Plunging into the Cumberland River, they forded it, and did not stop running until they reached Nashville. The remaining Federal force, under General Johnson, retreated about two miles, and then made a brave stand. But nothing could withstand the fury of Colonel Basil Duke's attack, whose command had the advance. General Johnson and many of his men were taken prisoner, and the remainder were scattered. In this engagement the Federalists lost two hundred men killed, wounded, and missing. Their general himself was a prisoner. Thus to their cost they found that when the occasion demanded Morgan would fight. Johnson's loss in the battle was only five killed and twenty wounded, but among the latter was the brave Captain Huffman, who had an arm shattered. Colonel Basil Duke in this fight won the highest praise from Morgan for the masterly manner in which he handled his regiment. It was greatly owing to the efforts of Colonel Duke that the victory was won. In this battle Calhoun bore a conspicuous part. Calhoun handed, he engaged a Federal officer who was trying to rally his men and forced him to surrender. When he delivered up his sword Calhoun saw to his surprise that it was his old acquaintance, Lieutenant Haynes. Ah, Lieutenant said Calhoun, I am glad to have met you again. When the battle is over I will come and see you. Pennington again, as I am alive, gassed the astonished Lieutenant. After all was over Calhoun sought him out and found him sitting dejected and crestfallen among the prisoners. Cheer up, Lieutenant, said Calhoun pleasantly. We are going to parole you. You will soon be at liberty. How often do you want to parole a fellow? This will be the third time, growled Haynes. Curse the luck. I thought we would wipe you off the face of the earth sure this time. We would, too, if it hadn't been for that cowardly regiment which broke. And if has stood in between many a man and success, answered Calhoun. How long ago were you exchanged? About two months replied Haynes, and here I am, in for it again. I expected to win a captaincy today. If this is the way it goes I shall die a Lieutenant. Oh, you may wear a star of a general yet, who knows. To change the subject, have you met the charming Miss Osborne since your return to the army? The change came over the face of Haynes, one that transformed his rather handsome features into those of a malignant spirit. Calhoun saw it and wondered. The Lieutenant quickly recovered himself and answered. Yes, the trouble has come upon the family. Mr. Osborne refused to take the oath of allegiance, and as he was looked upon as a dangerous character, he has been sent north as a prisoner. To wear his life away in some northern Bastille, exclaimed Calhoun, in a fury, monstrous. That is not all, returned Haynes. By some means the house took fire and burned with all its contents. I did all I could for them, tried to save Mr. Osborne, but could not. But I will not relax my efforts to have him released. I have some powerful friends in the north. Calhoun thanked him and went his way. With that look which came over Haynes's face, what did it mean? It was months before Calhoun knew. 8 In August 1862, Cumberland Gap, the gateway between eastern Kentucky and east Tennessee, was held by a federal force of over 10,000, commanded by General George W. Morgan. It was this force which confronted General Kirby Smith as he set out to invade Kentucky. The place being too strong to carry by assault, General Smith left the force in front of the Gap to menace it, made a flank movement with the rest of his army, passed through Roger's Gap unopposed, and without paying any attention to the force at Cumberland Gap, pushed on with all speed for central Kentucky. At the same time, General Bragg made his long expected advance from Chattanooga, completely deceiving Beul, who first concentrated his army at Altamont and then at McMinnville. Bragg marched unopposed up the Sequatchee Valley to Sparta. General George H. Thomas had advised Beul to occupy Sparta, but the advice was rejected. Beul could not or would not see that Kentucky was Bragg's objective point. He now believed that Nashville, or Murfreesboro, was the point of danger, and he concentrated his army at the latter place. From Sparta, General Bragg had marched to Carthage, crossed the Cumberland River, and was well on his way to Kentucky before Beul waked up. Bragg was then three days ahead of him. If Bragg had marched straight for Louisville, there would have been no troops to oppose him until he reached that place, and Louisville would have fallen. But he stopped to take Mumford'sville, and the delay was fatal. It gave Beul the opportunity to overtake him. When the forward movement began, Colonel John H. Morgan was ordered to eastern Kentucky to watch the force at Cumberland Gap and prevent it from falling on the rear of the Army of General Smith. Smith moved rapidly, and on August 29th fought the Battle of Richmond where a federal force of 7,000 was almost annihilated, only about 800 escaping. By the movements of Smith and Bragg, the federal force at Cumberland Gap was cut off. For that army, the situation was a grave one. In their front was General Stevenson, with a force too small to attack, but large enough to keep them from advancing. In their rear were the Confederate armies. They were short of food. Starvation stared them in the face. It was either surrender or retreat through the mountains of eastern Kentucky. General George W. Morgan called a council of his officers, and it was decided to evacuate the Gap and attempt the retreat. The Gap was evacuated on the night of the 17th of September. All government property, which could not be carried away, was given to the flames. The rough mountain road had been mined, and the mines were exploded to prevent Stevenson from following. But Stevenson's force was infantry, and it would be a little avail in following the retreating Federals. The toilsome march of two hundred and twenty miles over rough mountainous road lay between the Federals and the Ohio River. To the credit of General G. W. Morgan, be it said, he conducted the retreat with consummate skill. It was expected that a Confederate force in eastern Kentucky, under General Humphrey Marshall, would try to cut the Federals off, but Marshall never appeared. And it was left to the brigade of John H. Morgan to do what they could to oppose the retreat. One cavalry brigade could not stop the progress of ten thousand well-disciplined troops. Day after day, Morgan hung on the federal flanks and rear, taking advantage of every opening and making their way a weary one. After a toilsome march of sixteen days, the federal force, foot sore and completely exhausted, reached the Ohio at Greenupsburg on the Ohio River and was safe. During these sixteen days Calhoun was almost continually in the saddle, the foremost to strike, the last to retreat. When the pursuit was ended, his little band of scouts had seventy-five prisoners to their credit. When Morgan saw that it was useless to follow the retreating army any longer without taking any rest, he turned the head of his column toward central Kentucky, for he knew he would be needed there. Calhoun could hardly believe his eyes when he saw the change a few weeks had affected. All central Kentucky had been swept clear of the Federals. Panic stricken, they had fled back to Louisville and Cincinnati and were cowering in their trenches. Indiana and Ohio were in an agony of fear. Their governors were frantically calling on the people to a rise in mass and save their state from invasion. When the command reached Danville, Calhoun was nearly beside himself with joy. Over the courthouse floated the stars and bars of the South. It was the first time Calhoun had ever seen there the flag he loved so well. With a proud hurrah he dashed up to the door of his father's residence. There was no one to molest him or make him afraid. From the house of every friend of the South hung a confederate flag. Redeemed, Kentucky redeemed at last shouted Calhoun as he dismounted. But he was disappointed in not finding his father at home. The judge was in Frankfurt, helping to form a provisional government for this state. Many of the more sanguine of the southern element of the state already considered it safe in the Confederacy. Although his father was not at home, Calhoun received the most joyful welcome. "'Blessed, ye child, if ye isn't back again,' cried Aunt Clough. "'Yes, Clough,' said Calhoun, as he shook her honest black hand, "'and now be sure and get up one of your best dinners. I can eat in peace this time.' And Clough cooked enough for a dozen. Uncle Morgan with his staff will be here to dine.' But what Morgan's command learned was anything but satisfactory. Kirby Smith had advanced to within six miles of Covington. There halted, and at last fallen back. Bragg, instead of marching direct to Louisville, had turned aside at Bardstown, allowing Buell's army to enter the city of Louisville unopposed. Their Buell had been joined by twenty thousand fresh troops. Again and refitting his men, he turned and was now marching on Bardstown. A great battle might be fought any day. In fact it was reported that Bragg had already abandoned Bardstown and was marching in the direction of Manville, or Harrodsburg. "'I don't like it at all,' said Morgan. "'Our generals have already let the golden opportunity pass. But there is still hope. With the armies of Bragg and Smith united they should be strong enough to give battle and crush Buell.' So good was the dinner, and so animated the discussion, that it was late in the afternoon when they arose from the table. As they came out, Morgan suddenly stopped and said, "'Hark!' Away in the north-west, in the direction of Perryville, the dull, heavy booming of cannon was heard. They listened, and the dull roar, like distant thunder, was continuous. A battle is being fought, they said, in low tones. May God favor the right!' At Perryville the forces of Buell and Bragg had met, and were engaged in deadly strife. Until nightfall the heavy, dull roar was heard, and then it died away. Which army had been victorious? They could not tell. After the battle of Perryville, Buell, fully expecting that Bragg would fight a decisive battle for the possession of the state, remained inactive for three days, for the purpose of concentrating his army. It was fatal to all his hopes, for Bragg had already decided to leave the state, and he utilized the three days in getting away with his immense trains. He had been grievously disappointed in the hope that his army would be largely recruited, and that at least twenty thousand Kentuckians would flock to his standard. But Kentucky had already been well drained of men, furnishing troops by thousands for both sides. From one point of view the invasion of Kentucky by the Confederates had been a magnificent success. A loss of at least twenty thousand had been inflicted under federal armies, while the loss to the Confederate army had not been over one-third of that number. In addition to that, the immense stores gathered in Taken South were of inestimable value to the army. But in the chagrin and disappointment over Bragg's retreat, these things were lost sight of, and the Confederate general was most bitterly denounced. Calhoun went wild when he heard that the state was to be given up without a decisive battle, that all that had been gained was to go for naught, and his feelings were shared by all Morgan's men. "'It won't prevent us from visiting the state once in a while,' said Morgan, with a grim smile. As for Judge Pennington, he was so disgusted that although his whole heart was still with the South, he gave up all idea of forming a state government loyal to the Confederacy, and remained quiet during the rest of the war. The armies will have to settle it, he would say. We can do nothing here." One of the first things that Calhoun did after he reached Danville was to see Jenny Freeman and thank her for her timely warning. It was kind of you, Jenny, he said, for I know that you hate the cause for which I am fighting. My conscience has hurt me awfully ever since, replied Jenny, with a toss of her head, and then I believe you told me an awful fib. Why, how is that Jenny? asked Calhoun. You worked on my sympathy, and said, if you were caught you would be hanged. The Union forces don't hang prisoners, they would only have shut you up, and that is what you deserve. But Jenny, I was in disguise. They would have hanged me as a spy. Don't believe it, but sometimes I think half you rebels ought to be hanged. Oh, Jenny, Jenny, what a bloodthirsty creature you have grown. But where's your father? Thank the Lord where the old flag yet floats in Louisville. He will stay there until that rag comes down, and she pointed to the Confederate flag, floating over the courthouse. Poor girl, never to see her father again, exclaimed Calhoun in tones of compassion. What do you mean, she asked, turning pale. A sudden fear had come over her. Had anything befallen her father? Calhoun saw her mistake, laughing, he said. I only meant that flag would never come down. Is that all, she replied, saucily? You will all be scurry and south like so many rabbits in less than a week. Give us ten days. No, not an hour more than a week, and mind if you get caught, you needn't call on me for help. Well, Jenny, don't let's quarrel. Perhaps I can return the favor you did me, by helping you some day. The opportunity came sooner than he expected. The next day Jenny ventured out to visit a sick friend. On her return she had to pass a couple of Confederate officers, one of whom was intoxicated. The other appeared to be reasoning with him, and trying to get him to go to his quarters. As Jenny was hurrying past them, the one who was intoxicated staggered toward her, and leering at her, exclaimed, How, how do, pretty one? Give me a kiss. Jenny turned the flee, but he caught her roughly by the arm. Just as he did so, he was struck a terrific blow in the face, which sent him rolling in the gutter. Take my arm, Jenny, said Calhoun. For it was he who struck the blow. I will see you safe home. The trembling girl took his arm, saying, Oh Calhoun, how glad I am you came. How can I thank you enough? Do you know that dreadful man? Yes, I'm sorry to say he is a captain in Morgan's command. His name is Conway. We left him back in Tennessee, wounded. But he was able to follow Bragg's army, and he joined us only yesterday. By the way, it was Fred Shackelford who shot him. He shot him when he got Prince back. Conway was riding Blenheim. Oh, Fred told me all about that. Wasn't that just splendid in him, getting his horse back? Where's Fred now? asked Calhoun. I don't know. Did you know General Nelson was shot? Shot? Nelson shot? cried Calhoun. Where? How? Jenny had to tell him what little she knew about it. All that she had heard had come from Confederate sources. Well Jenny, here you are at home. I feel ashamed. It is the first time I ever knew one of Morgan's men to insult a woman. I hope that miserable Conway will give you no trouble, said Jenny as they parted. No fears on that score, lightly replied Calhoun, as he bade her goodbye. But Calhoun well knew there would be trouble. No Kentucky officer would forgive a blow, no matter what the provocation was under, which it was given. The blow which Conway received had the effect of sobering him. But he presented a pitable sight. His face was covered with blood, and one eye was nearly closed. When he knew it was Calhoun that it struck him, his rage was fearful. Nothing but blood would wipe out the insult. For a Kentucky gentleman not to resent a blow meant disgrace and dishonor. He would be looked upon as a contemptible coward. But Conway was no coward. He knew he was in fault, but that would not wipe out the disgrace of the blow. There was but one thing for him to do, and that was to challenge Calhoun. That night Calhoun was waited upon by Captain Matthews, who in the name of Conway demanded an abject apology. This of course was refused, and a formal challenge was delivered. Calhoun at once accepted it, and referred Matthews to his friend, Lieutenant Matson. "'Look here, Pennington,' said Matthews. "'I do not want you to think I uphold Conway and what he did. I am no saint, but I never insulted a woman. Conway would not have done it if he had not been drunk. I was just going to the lady's rescue when you struck the blow. There was no need of knocking Conway down. I understand the girl is a Lincolnite, but that makes no difference. Conway is right in demanding satisfaction. And I am willing to give it to him,' answered Calhoun. "'The only thing I ask is that the affair be arranged quickly. Let it be tomorrow morning at sunrise. And Captain, understand that I bear you no grudge. I consider your action perfectly honourable.'" Matthews bowed and withdrew. He and Matson quickly arranged the preliminaries. The meeting was to take place at sunrise, in a secluded spot near Danville. The weapons were pistols, the distance fifteen paces. Only one shot was to be allowed. The affair had to be managed with the utmost secrecy. Above all things, it had to be kept from the ears of Morgan. But it was whispered from one to another until half the officers knew of it. One blamed Calhoun, yet none could see how Conway could avoid giving the challenge. "'Both our dead men,' said an officer, with a grave shake of the head. Morgan ought to be told. He would stop it.' "'Tell Morgan if you dare,' cried half a dozen voices. "'Oh, I am not going to tell. If they wish to kill each other, it's none of my business,' replied the officer, turning away.' Calhoun was known as the best pistol shot in the brigade, and Conway was no mean marksman. Everyone thought it would be a bloody affair. Many were aware of the enmity which Conway held toward Calhoun, and knew he would kill him if he could. Meanwhile Jenny slept unconscious of the danger Calhoun was in for her sake. It was a beautiful autumn morning when they met. The sun was just rising, touching woods and fields, and the spires of the distant town with its golden light. The meeting was in a place which Calhoun well knew. How often he had played there when a boy. It was an open glade in the midst of a grove of mighty forest trees. The trees had taken on the beautiful hues of autumn, and they flamed with red and gold and orange. At least twenty had assembled to witness the duel. The surgeon stood near, with an open case of instruments at his feet. Many glanced at it, but turned their eyes away quickly. It was too suggestive. The principles were placed in position. A hush came over the little group of spectators. Even the breeze seemed no longer to whisper lovingly among the trees, but took upon itself the wail of a dirge, and a shower of leaves, red as blood, fell around the contestants. Are you ready, gentlemen? asked Matthews. Ready answered Calhoun. Ready said Conway. One, two, three, fire. Conway's pistol blazed, and Calhoun felt a slight twinge of pain. The ball had grazed his left side, near the heart, and drawn a few drops of blood. For a moment Calhoun stood. Then Cooley raised his pistol and fired in the air. The spectators raised a shout of applause. But Conway was white with rage. I demand another shot, he shouted. Penitent's actions has made a farce of this meeting. It was the condition that but one shot should be allowed, remonstrated Matthews. The condition has not been fulfilled, angrily replied Conway. I demand another shot. In the meantime Mattson had gone up to Calhoun, and seen the hole through his clothing exclaimed, My God, are you shot, Lieutenant? A mere scratch it is nothing, answered Calhoun. An examination showed it to be so, but blood had been drawn. This should have satisfied Conway, but it did not. He still insisted on a second shot. This the seconds were about to refuse absolutely when Calhoun asked to be heard. Although Captain Conway richly deserved the blow I gave him, he said, yet has a gentleman and an officer, I felt he could do no less than challenge me. I have given him the satisfaction he demanded. If he insists on continuing the duel, I shall conclude, it is his desire to kill me through personal malice, not on account of his injured honor, which according to the code, has been satisfied. This time there will be no firing in the air. Give him the second shot if he desires it. No, no cried a dozen voices. Matthews went up to Conway, and speaking in a low tone said, You fool, do you want to be killed, Pennington will kill you, as sure as fate, if you insist on the second shot. Now you are out of it honorably. Conway mumbled something, and Matthews turning around said, Gentlemen, my principal acknowledges himself satisfied. It is with pleasure that I compliment both of the principals in this affair. They have conducted themselves like true Kentucky gentlemen, and I trust they will part as such. Shake hands, gentlemen, shake hands, cried their friends, crowding around them. Calhoun gave his freely, but Conway extended his coldly. There was a look in his eye, which foreboded future trouble. Such a meeting could not be kept secret, and it soon came to the ears of Morgan. Both of the principals, as well as the seconds, were summoned into his presence. He listened to all the details in silence, and then said, It is well that this affair resulted as it did. If either one of the principals had fallen, the other would have been summarily dealt with. Both of you, looking at Conway and Calhoun, were to blame. Lieutenant Pennington should not have struck the blow. No gentlemen will tamely submit to the indignity of a blow. As for you, Captain Conway, I am surprised that you, one of my officers, should insult a lady. If this offense is ever repeated, intoxication will be no plea in its extenuation. Here therefore it has been our proud boast, that where Morgan's men are, there any lady, be she for north or south, is as safe as in her own home. Let us see that it will always be so. The men who heard burst into a wild cheer. Each of them was a knight to uphold the honor of women. As Captain Conway listened to the reprimand, his red face became redder, his heart was full of anger, but he was diplomat enough to listen with becoming humility. To his fellow officers, his plea was intoxication, and in the stirring times which followed, his offense was forgotten. Scouts came dashing into the city with the startling intelligence that a large federal force was advancing on the place. It was not long before a battle was being waged through the streets. Before an overwhelming force of infantry, Morgan had to fall back. Bragg was in full retreat, and to Morgan fell the lot of guarding the rear. As they were falling back from camp Dick Robinson, Calhoun met a major hawk a day. Who to him was the bearer of sad news. The major said that that morning his men pursued a federal scout who had ventured inside their lines. In his effort to escape, he had fallen over the cliff of Dick River and had been killed. And I'm sorry to say, added the major, that that scout was your cousin, Captain Fred Shackleford. Are you sure, asked Calhoun in a trembling voice? Perfectly sure. I knew him too well to be mistaken. For the sake of his father, I sent word to the overseer of the general's plantation so that the body could be found and given Christian burial. Thank you, replied Calhoun, as he turned away with swimming eyes. All his old love for his cousin had returned. There was little heart in Calhoun for battle that day. It was weeks before he learned that Fred was not dead. End of chapter 9 Chapter 10 of Rating with Morgan by Byron Dunn. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Hartsville. When Bragg evacuated Kentucky, his weary army found rest at Murphy's borough. This little city is 32 miles southeast of Nashville, situated on the railroad leading from Nashville to Chattanooga. It had already become famous by the capture of a federal brigade there in August by General N. B. Forrest, and was destined to become the theater of one of the greatest battles of the war. In the federal army a great change had taken place. General Buell had been relieved from command, and General W. Rosicron's, the hero of the Battle of Corinth, appointed in his place. This general assembled his army at Nashville. Thus the two great armies were only 32 miles apart, with their outposts almost touching. Bragg, believing that it would be impossible for Rosicron's to advance before spring, established his army in winter quarters, and the soldiers looked forward to two or three months of comparative quiet. Rosicron's first duty was to reopen the Louisville and Nashville railroad, which had been so thoroughly destroyed by Morgan. An army of men did the work, a work which took them weeks to accomplish. But it was not in the nature of Morgan to be quiet. Not only he, but his men fretted in camp life. Its daily routine with its drills did not suit them. Their home was to saddle, and they wanted no other. Therefore, Morgan began to look around in search of a weak point in the federal lines. For this purpose Calhoun and his scouts were kept busy. They seemed to be omnipresent, now here, now there. They would ride in between the federal posts, learn of the citizens where the enemy were posted, and whether their camps were guarded with vigilance or not. Many a prisoner was picked up, and much valuable information obtained. In this way, Morgan soon knew, as well as the federal commander himself, how his troops were posted, and the number at each post. Taking everything into consideration, Calhoun reported that Hartsville offered the best opening for an attack. It is the extreme eastern outpost of the Federals, he said. The nearest troops to them are at Castilian Springs, nine miles away. The country from here to Hartsville is entirely free of federal troops, and we can approach the place unobserved. The Cumberland River is low, and can be forted. But if you wish, I will go and make a thorough reconnaissance of the place. Go and be back as soon as possible, replied Morgan. But be careful. Do not take too many risks. With a dozen of his trusty scouts, Calhoun had no trouble in reaching the bank of the Cumberland River opposite Hartsville. Here, concealed in the woods, through his glass, he noted the position of every regiment and drew a map of the camp. But he was not satisfied with this. Under the cover of darkness, he crossed the river, determined to learn more. Above all, he wished to learn where the enemy's pickets were posted at night, their exact force as nearly as possible, and the discipline which they were under. He wanted to do all this without alarming them. After crossing the river, he concluded to call at a commodious farmhouse situated at some three miles from Hartsville. He was almost certain of a hearty welcome. There were few disloyal to the south in that section. At first he was taken for a federal soldier in disguise, and admittance was refused. But once the inmates were convinced that he was one of Morgan's men, the heartiness of his welcome made up for the coldness of his first reception. The planter was well posted. There was one brigade at Hartsville. Until a few days before, the brigade had been commanded by a Colonel Scott. But he had been relieved by a Colonel Moore. This Moore was the Colonel of one of the regiments at Hartsville, and had been in the service but a short time. Most of the troops were raw and inexperienced. Calhoun was glad to hear all this. In the morning, dressed as a rough country boy, he made a circuit of the entire place. This he did by going on foot, and keeping to the fields and woods. The location of every picket post was carefully noted, and the best way to approach each one. In two or three instances, he did not hesitate to approach soldiers who were foraging outside of the lines, and, in a whining tone, entered into conversation with them. Informing them, he was looking for some of his father's pigs. Mighty afraid some of you yanks got him, he said with a sigh. No doubt, sonny, no doubt replied a soldier with a hardy laugh. You see, if a pig comes up and grunts at the flag, we have a right to kill him, for the insult offered. Probably your pigs were guilty of this heinous crime, and were sacrificed for the good of the country. Do you hence means the yanks have him, asked Calhoun? Undoubtedly, sonny, what are you going to do about it? Go tell Dad, replied Calhoun as he limped off, for he pretended to be lame. Calhoun found that the post was picketed much more strongly to the east than the west. For Castilian springs lay to the west, and the Federals had no idea that an attack would come from that direction. If attacked, the Confederates would try to force the ford, or they would come from the east. For this reason Calhoun decided that Morgan should cross the river in between Hartsville and Castilian springs, and assault from the west. There was a ferry two miles below Hartsville, where the infantry could cross the river, but the cavalry would have to go to a ford seven miles, or within two miles of Castilian springs. To this surprise but great gratification, he found neither the ferry nor the ford guarded. Calhoun recross the river in safety, and, joining his scouts, whom he had left on the southern side of the river, he lost no time in making his way back to Murphy's borough. Morgan heard his report with evidence satisfaction. Our only danger, said Calhoun, as he finished his report, is from the force at Castilian springs. From what I could learn, there are at least five thousand Federals there. To be successful we must surprise the camp at Hartsville, capture the place, and recross the river before the force from the springs can reach us. A hard thing to do, but I believe it can be done. So do I, said Morgan. With General Bragg's consent I will start at once. General Bragg not only gave his consent, but owing to the importance of the expedition, added to Morgan's cavalry brigade two regiments of infantry and a battery. The force marched to within five miles of Hartsville, and halted until night. The night proved very dark, and the way was rough. There was but one small ferry boat in which to cross the infantry, and it was five thirty in the morning before the infantry were all across and in position two miles from Hartsville. The cavalry had had even a rougher time than the infantry, and one large regiment had not yet reported. But Morgan determined not to wait, for it would soon be light and they would be discovered. So with thirteen hundred men, Morgan moved to capture a federal brigade of over two thousand, and in a position of their own choosing. To Calhoun and his scouts was assigned a difficult but important task of capturing the outposts without alarming the camp. The success of the whole movement might depend upon this. So adroitly did Calhoun manage it that the surprised pickets were captured without firing a gun, nor was the Confederate force discovered until they were within four hundred yards of the federal camp, and advancing in line of battle. It was now getting light, and a Negro camp follower discovered them and gave the alarm. The Federals haven't been taken by surprise, and most of the officers and men being raw and inexperienced, a consternation reigned in the camp. But they formed their lines, and for a few moments put up a brave fight. Then their lines broke. Colonel Moore did not seem to have his brigade well in hand, and each regiment fought more or less independently. In a short time, only the 104th Illinois Regiment was left on the site of the camp to continue the battle. Although this regiment had been only three months in the service, and had never been in an engagement before, under the command of their brave Lieutenant Colonel, Douglas Hapman, they did not surrender until they were entirely surrounded, and nearly two hundred of their number had been shot down. Morgan warmly complimented this regiment on its bravery, saying, if all the regiments had been like it, the result of the contest would have been doubtful. In one hour and a quarter after the battle opened, all was over. A whole brigade had laid down their arms to the prowess of Morgan. But now a new danger arose. Calhoun had been sent towards Castilian Springs to watch the enemy in that direction. One of his scouts came dashing in with the intelligence that five thousand Federals were hurrying to the relief of Hartsville. They must be stopped, and time given to get the prisoners and munitions of war across the Cumberland. Morgan hurried two regiments to where Calhoun and his little band of scouts were resisting the advance of the enemy. The show of strength made halted the Federals, and a precious hour and a half was gained. In this time, by almost superhuman efforts, Morgan had succeeded in crossing the prisoners and his men to the south side of the Cumberland. They were now safe from pursuit. It was during the fight with the approaching reinforcements that an incident happened which caused Calhoun many hours of uneasiness. During the hottest of the engagement a ball evidently fired from the rear grazed his cheek. He thought little of it, supposing someone had fired in his rear, not seeing him. But in a moment a ball passed through his hat, wheeling suddenly to his surprise he saw Captain Conway with a smoking revolver in his hand. You are shooting carelessly, Captain, exclaimed Calhoun, angrily riding up to him. For a moment the Captain cowered. Then recovering himself he said, You are mistaken, Lieutenant. It was someone in the rear. The same balls came close to me. Just then the order was given the fall back and Conway rode hastily away. There was no direct proof, but Calhoun was certain Conway had tried to kill him. More than one man has been disposed of in time of battle by a personal enemy. Many an obnoxious officer has bitten the dust in this manner. Calhoun could only bite his time and watch. But he now firmly believed his life was in more danger from Conway than it was in battle with the Federals. Harzville, considering everything, was one of the greatest victories Morgan ever won. As he captured a whole brigade with a vastly inferior force, the Federals lost and killed wounded and captured 2,100 men. Of these nearly 300 were killed and wounded. Morgan's actual force engaged was only 1,300, and of these he lost 140, a small loss considering he was the assaulting party. The capture of Harzville caused the utmost chagrin in the Federal Army, and not only in the Army but throughout the North, even President Lincoln telegraphed asking for full particulars. General Halleck ordered the dishonorable dismissal of Colonel Moore, but the order was never carried into effect. Of his bravery there was no question. The victory caused the name of Morgan to be more feared than ever. Morgan is coming was a cry which caused fear and trembling in many a Yankees' heart. President Davis of the Confederate States, shortly after the capture of Harzville, visited Murfreesboro and has a reward for his services, presented Morgan with a commission as Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. General Hardy asked that he be made a Major General. Hardy knew Morgan and appreciated his worth, but for some reason President Davis refused the request. CHAPTER XI General Morgan was allowed but ten days' rest after his return from his great victory at Harzville. General Rosencrantz had finished repairing the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and trains were running again between the two cities. Democrats have been brought to general Bragg that the Federal troops at Nashville were suffering greatly for want of food, that military stores of all kinds were short, and he thought if the road were again broken Rosencrantz would be forced to fall back on account of supplies. Who so willing and able to break it has General Morgan. But there was little use of trying to raid the road south of Bowling Green, for it was guarded by thousands of men. To cripple the road effectually meant another raid clear through the state of Kentucky, to this General Morgan was not a verse. When his men heard that another raid was to be made into Kentucky, their enthusiasm knew no bounds. What cared they for the dangers to be encountered for long rides, for sleepless nights, and the tremendous fatigue they would be called upon to endure. They were to stir up the Yankees once more, that was enough. Kentucky, ho for Kentucky, was their cry, and they shouted and sang, until they could shout and sing no longer for want of breath. Bragg was fully alive to the importance of the expedition, and was willing to give Morgan all the troops he could possibly spare. Morgan was soon at the head of the most formidable force he had ever commanded. It consisted of over three thousand cavalry, with a full battery, besides his own light battery. The task which had been assigned to him was indeed a perilous one. It was to ride almost to the very gates of Louisville, and to destroy the immense trestle works at Muldrah Hill. This done, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad would again be effectually crippled for weeks. He set out from Alexandria on December 22nd, and in two days he was in Glasgow, Kentucky. The citizens of Glasgow had come to look upon Morgan as a monthly visitor by this time. Therefore they were not surprised at his coming. Here he met with his first federal force, which was quickly scattered. Remaining in Glasgow only long enough to rest his horses, he pushed on to Mumfordtsville, where the Great Bridge spans the Green River. But learning that the place was held by so strong a force that it would be madness for him to attack, he passed a few miles to the right, and struck the railroad at Bacon Creek. Here a stout blockhouse, defended by ninety soldiers, guarded the bridge. They put up a stout defense in hopes of being reinforced from Mumfordtsville, but at last were compelled to surrender, the blockhouse being knocked to pieces by Morgan's artillery. Burning the bridge and destroying four miles of road, the command moved on to Nolan, where another blockhouse was captured, and a bridge burned. This was the third time that these bridges had been destroyed by Morgan. Elizabeth Town was the next goal to be reached. As they approached the place, Calhoun, who was in advance with his scouts, was met by an officer bearing a flag of truce, who handed him a dirty envelope on which was scrawled. Elizabeth Town, Kentucky, December 27, 1862, to the Commander of the Confederate Force. Sir, I demand an unconditional surrender of all your forces. I have you surrounded, and will compel you to surrender. I am, sir, your obedient servant, H. S. Smith, commanding U.S. Force. Well, exclaimed Calhoun, as he glanced at it, I have often been told that Yankees have cheek, but this is the greatest exhibition of it I have met. Who is H. S. Smith, anyway? One of the numerous Smith family I reckon, dryly responded one of his men. He should have signed at John Smith. This would have concealed his identity and prevented us from knowing what a fool he is. But the message was taken back to Morgan, and Calhoun never saw him laugh more heartily than when he read it. Go back and tell Mr. Smith, replied Morgan, trying to keep his face straight, that he has made a little mistake. It is he who is surrounded and must surrender. The message was taken back, but Mr. Smith answered pompously that it was the business of the United States officer to fight, not to surrender. Very good, replied Calhoun. Get back and let us open the ball. It took only a few shells from Morgan's battery to convince Mr. Smith he had made a mistake, and that it was the business of at least one United States officer to surrender and not to fight. Six hundred and fifty-two prisoners fell into Morgan's hands, also a large quantity of military stores. The stores were destroyed. At Elizabethtown, Morgan was in striking distance of the object of his expedition. The Great Tressel at Muldraw Hill. There were two Tressels, known as the Upper and Lower, both defended by stout stock-aids. General Morgan divided his force, Colonel Breckenridge, with one brigade attacking the lower stock-aid, while Morgan, with Colonel Duke's brigade, attacked the upper. A couple hours of severe shelling convinced the commanders of these stock-aids also that it was the duty of a United States officer to surrender and not to fight. Seven hundred more prisoners and an immense store of military goods were added to Morgan's captures. The goods, as usual, were destroyed. It was but a few minutes after the surrender of the blockhouse when the Tressels were a mass of flames. They were immense structures, each nearly fifteen hundred feet long, and from eighty to ninety feet high. Thus the object of the expedition had been gained. Again the Louisville and Nashville Railroad was rendered useless to Rosencrant's army. But Morgan's danger had just commenced. As far he had had his own way. The enraged Federals were moving heaven and earth to compass his capture. A brigade was transported from Galatin to Mumfordsville by rail, joined to the force at that place, and ordered to move east and cut off his retreat. The forces in central Kentucky were ordered to concentrate at Lebanon. Thus they hoped to cut off every line of retreat. Don't let Morgan escape was the command flashed to every Federal officer in Kentucky. From Modraw Hill Morgan marched to Bardstown. This led him across the Lebanon Railroad. Before all of his force had crossed the rolling fork of Salt River, the pursuing force, under Colonel Harlan, came up and engaged the rear. The rear guard under Colonel Duke gallantly resisted them until all had crossed in safety, but during the action Colonel Duke was severely wounded by a piece of shell. General Boyle, the Federal commander at Louisville, gave out that he had died of his wounds and there was great rejoicing. But the gallant Colonel lived to the disappointment of his enemies. The Federals in close pursuit left Morgan little time to destroy the railroad leading to Lebanon, but he captured a stockade and burned the bridge at Boston. Reaching Bardstown in safety he pushed rapidly on the Springfield. From that place he could threaten either Danville or Lebanon. His rapid movements puzzled the Federals and prevented them from concentrating their forces, for they knew not which way he would go next. From Springfield Morgan turned south, leaving Lebanon a few miles to his left, so as to avoid the large force at that place. He reached Newmarket a few hours in advance of his pursuers. To avoid the troops which had been concentrated in Hodginsville, he now took the road to Campbellsville. In going through the Muldraw range of hills to the south of Newmarket his rear guard was struck by the advance of the Federals under Colonel Hoskins and was only beaten back after a lively fight. There was now more or less skirmishing for some miles. There now happened to Calhoun, one of the most thrilling adventures he experienced during the whole war. As the post of danger was now in the rear, he was there with his scouts doing valiant service in holding back the Federals. There had been no skirmishing for some time, and nothing had been seen or heard of their pursuers. Without thinking of danger, he and a Captain Tribble halted their horses by the side of a bubbling spring and dismounted it to get a drink, the rest of the guard passing on. They lingered longer than they thought and had just remounted their horses when they were suddenly surprised by three horsemen who came galloping up, yelling to them to surrender. For Calhoun and Tribble to snatch their revolvers and fire was the work of a moment. The Federals returned the fire. A pistol duel now took place, and both sides emptied their revolvers, but strange to say, no one was hurt. Throwing down their now useless weapons all drew their swords and furiously spurred their horses on to the combat. It was almost like a medieval contest where night met night with sword only. While one of the Federals engaged Captain Tribble, two rode straight for Calhoun, the foremost a fine-looking man in the uniform of a Federal Colonel. Parrying his blow, Calhoun, by skillful turn of his horse, avoided the other. They wheeled their horses and came at Calhoun again. Again did Calhoun parry the fierce blow aimed at him. At the same time he managed to prick the horse of the other, so that for a moment it became unmanageable. This left Calhoun free to engage the Colonel alone, who aimed at him a tremendous blow. This blow Calhoun avoided, and as it met with no resistance its horse threw the Colonel forward on his saddle. As quick as lightning the point of Calhoun's sword reached his heart, and the combat was over. During this time Tribble had vanquished his antagonist. The remaining Federal, seeing one of his comrades dead and the other a prisoner, threw down his sword and surrendered. The dead officer proved to be Colonel D. J. Halisley of the Sixth Kentucky Cavalry. This conflict was long remembered as one of the most remarkable ever engaged in by any of Morgan's men, and Calhoun was warmly congratulated by the whole command on his prowess. The death of Colonel Halisley seemed to dampen the enthusiasm of Morgan's pursuers. Although they followed him to Campbell'sville, and from Campbell'sville to Columbia, the pursuit was a feeble one. In fact, so timid was Colonel Hoskins that he ordered his advance not to engage Morgan if they found him at Columbia, but to wait for the column from Hodginsville to come up. From Columbia all pursuits ceased, and Morgan was left to return to Tennessee at his leisure. While at Columbia, Morgan reports that his men heard distinctly the sound of distant cannon-aiding away to the Southwest. To their accustomed ears it told of a battle raging. It was the thunder of Rosa Cran's cannon at Stone River. Little did Morgan's men think at the time that the distant thunder meant that hundreds of their brave brothers were being slaughtered in that fatal charge of Brackenridge. Murphysboro is, as the crow flies, a hundred and eighteen miles from Columbia. In no other battle during the war is it reported that cannon-aiding was heard so far. From Columbia Morgan proceeded by easy stages to Smithville, Tennessee, which he reached on January 5th, just fourteen days after he had started on his raid from Alexandria. During this time his command had traveled fully six hundred miles. The raid was one of the most remarkable Morgan ever made, when we consider what he accomplished and the number of troops that tried in vain to capture him. Riding within a few miles of thousands of men, he easily eluded all his pursuers and escaped almost scot-free. General Morgan, in summing up the results of this raid, says, it meant the destruction of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad from Mumfordville to Shepardsville within eighteen miles of Louisville, rendering it impassable for at least two months. The capture of eighteen hundred and seventy-seven prisoners, including sixty-two commissioned officers, the destruction of over two million dollars' worth of United States property, and a large loss to the enemy and killed and wounded. The loss of my entire command was killed to wounded twenty-four, missing sixty-four. It seems impossible that so much could be accomplished with so slight a loss. The number of his killed and wounded shows that the Federals touched him very gingerly, that they did not force the fighting. In the capture of the stockades, in which he took so many prisoners, Morgan suffered hardly any loss, as he forced the surrender with his artillery. But the joy which Morgan and his men felt over the success of the raid was clouded when they reached Tennessee by the news of the result of the battle of Stone River. Murphy's borough no longer belonged to the South. Bragg had retreated to his new line along Duck River. CHAPTER XI