 Virus-like particles, VLPs, virus-derived structures made up of one or more different molecules with the ability to self-assemble. VLPs are highly immunogenic and are able to elicit both the antibody and cell-mediated immune responses by pathways different from those elicited by conventional inactivated viral vaccines. The development of more effective and targeted forms of VLP by modification of the surface of the particles in such a way that they can be introduced into specific cells or tissues. This article was authored by Sagi Nuri, Hawa Parulalam, Zakiya Sadatozini and others.