 Hi friends, welcome to my channel and welcome to yet another video on UTC Net Paper 1. On popular demand, I'm back again with a video on research aptitude. This unit is said to be one of the most difficult units of paper 1. And this video is not just a regular video. It's a crash course wherein we will cover all important topics that you must study to ace unit number 2 research aptitude for UTC Net Paper 1. My aim behind making this video is to tell all my viewers which topics you should study and which topics you should skip when preparing for UTC Net exam. In less than 15 minutes, I'm going to take you through all the important sections of this unit one by one. This video will act as a blueprint and lay a strong solid foundation which will in turn help you to cover this unit in very very short time. Either way do you know that I do one activity every morning and that activity is meditation. And why do I do that? Because I recently read a research paper which said that stress can lead to cancer. Hence it is very important for me to keep myself stress free throughout the day. If you too are preparing for UTC Net JRF and you all are under stress then be aware of it because the exam stress that you are taking can lead to cancer. So did you just notice what we did? We took help of a research and this is how research can help us to make a better life decision, better life choices. Also there are many students who find this unit challenging and they keep on asking one thing why is there a need to know this topic research aptitude and why the hell is this unit a part of our paper one curriculum. I would like to tell you guys that paper one is a general paper that all UGC Net students have to give and a student who is clearing this paper usually has a goal of becoming a professor or to further continue and do their PhD. This is what makes research an important topic in paper one curriculum. It is added to give basic overview of the field of research to a student. If a student is already familiar with research methodology, types of research, it would be a cakewalk for him or her to pursue their PhD. So in this video I am going to look at all the major areas which you need to cover in the unit research aptitude if you are preparing for UGC Net paper one. So let's get started. The very first topic that you must study in this unit is what is research and what is the nature of research. Research is a systematic and logical procedure that is done in order to get answers to certain questions. For example, I might have a question in my mind about who is more responsible between the elder sibling and the younger sibling. Is it the elder one or is it the younger one? In order to get an answer for this question, I will undertake research under which I will take a bunch of elder and younger siblings and then see who is showing more responsible behavior and after successful research I will get an answer. The next topic that you must cover is nature of research. In this we will talk about how a good research should be done. 1. Research should be scientific. Why scientific? Because if one fine day I just decide to do a research without following any set procedure then it won't give us reliable results. There needs to be a set procedure which we all should follow when we are doing a research. Hence it should be scientific. Also research is a systematic process. Research is done step by step. It's never like, first do analysis, then do data collection. It will always start with data collection and then will lead to analysis of the data. Thus a systematic step by step procedure must be followed. And then the most important thing, research should be verifiable. Now what's that? Any research which has been done previously can be verified easily, can be replicated. That is what is known by verifiable research. The person can use my theories, data that I have collected in my research and can verify whether my findings are true or not. This is what makes a successful research. So this is what research is all about. Thus if anyone wants to do a research they should be clear about what is research and what is the nature of the research. By the way if you are new to this channel please hit the subscribe button and press the bell icon so that every Sunday as soon as I upload a new video you are the first one to know about it. We are proud to share that we are India's largest YouTube channel right now in the field of UGC net exam preparation. Moving on, so after looking at what is research, what is the nature of research, the next important thing that you need to understand is objective of research. There is an objective behind every research. Government spends hundreds and thousands of rupees every year on research and development and they do that for the progress of nation and mankind. So the first and foremost objective of research is to achieve new insights. Research is very important if we want to develop a new theory or a new technique. For example in the beginning of the video we spoke about how stress can lead to cancer. Because of this research we got to know about the link between two factors. This is how research helps in providing new insights. Another important objective of research is that it helps in generalization. For example let's say I took 50 siblings as a part of my research to determine who is more responsible, elder or younger. The result of my research said that the elder sibling is more responsible. Now through the result I can actually generalize this to a large group of population. Though the research was obtained out of a group of only 50 kids. But yes after my research I can generalize my finding saying that elder siblings are more responsible in every scenario. So I can generalize it to an entire world population. The result of my research will apply in case of all the elder and younger sibling bond across the world. Why is that? This is because of generalization. Because I have generalized my research finding the result stands true for the entire universe. This is how research helps in reaching new generalization. Another important objective of research is that research helps you to know the connection between two non interlinked variables. For example there are two independent variables. Let's say obesity and laziness. Once we do a research on these two variables we find out that there is a link between obesity and laziness. And this is how we find a connection between two interlinked variables and why are these two variables connected. The next important topic that you must study in this unit is what are the types of variables. But before knowing that what are the types of variable it is important to know what is a variable. I believe you must have studied math once in your student life right. There was a topic of algebra if you remember that consists of constant and variables. Now what are these constants? These are numeric values like 2, 5, 7, 10, 25, 340. Variables are values that varies in every question like x, y, z. We used to say find out the value of x. So that value of x varies in every question. In every question x value is 5, in some 10, in some 360, in some 475. So that kind of varies. So variables are anything which vary. Constant is a numeric value which remains constant throughout the question, throughout the entire subject of maths. Now if you look at the types of variable you will find out that there are many many types of variables. For example, if I want to find out the impact of sleep deprivation on test performance of a student, I would undertake a research where I will have two variables. One of them is independent variable and the other one is dependent variable. Now if you are smart enough pause this video right now and comment below which one according to you is independent and which one according to you is dependent variable in case of a research that is done on test performance and sleep deprivation. Independent variable is the one the value of which we can vary. If I am taking for example the sleep deprivation and test performance while a research I am going to take a sample size of about 50 students. Now out of these 50 students I am going to ensure that 25 students get good amount of sleep night before the exam and the second group students will not get any sleep. So what I am varying in both the groups I am varying the amount of sleep they are having. So sleep in this case is an independent variable. The next kind of variable is dependent variable. Now as the term suggests dependent variable is the variable which is dependent on the independent variable. So in this experiment that we are talking about test performance is a dependent variable. Test performance cannot be varied we cannot vary test performance it is measured. The test performance is linked to an independent variable that is amount of sleep a student has got. So we vary amount of sleep and then we see the result of the dependent variable and therefore that is the reason why it is known as dependent variable. The value of test performance which is dependent variable the value depends on the independent variable which is sleep. Another variable in research methodology is extraneous variable. Now what are extraneous variables there are other factors other than independent variable that affects the outcome of the research. For example out of these 50 students that we researched on there was one student who slept properly before the exam but was suffering from fever. So he did not score good marks. Now here suffering from fever is an extraneous variable it influences the test score. It is not the independent variable we are not measuring it but it comes out of a factor which influences our dependent variable and we are not measuring it. So those kind of variables that impact our research without being an independent variable are known as extraneous variable. By the way before we move ahead if you are looking for B-Ed, UGC-Net, MA, PhD entrance, TGTPGT exam updates then please follow us on Instagram and Facebook. You could find us on these social media platforms using our username Arpita Karva. We regularly post study tips, free study material on our Facebook and Insta pages. Moreover every Wednesday we also share quick revision reels on these pages which will help you revise important topics in less than 60 seconds. So now let's move on to the next topic that you should study for UGC-Net exams especially when it comes to unit 2 research methodology and it is hypothesis and the types of hypothesis. Now what is hypothesis? Hypothesis is tentative answer to a question. It can also mean a proposed explanation to a research question. For example if we research the link between stress and cancer I might have a tentative answer in my mind before even starting the research that stress is directly linked to cancer. Suppose in my mind this is the answer. Research is before starting but after researching several people who are living in a stressful life and still did not get cancer I might come up with an answer that stress and cancer does not have any link between them. Many people with stress do not get cancer and many stress free people have got cancer. That means stress and cancer do not have any link between them and my tentative answer was wrong. Thus a hypothesis is a tentative answer to a problem which you kind of devise before starting the research and this particular answer can either be proved right or wrong after the research. There are various types of hypothesis. For example one common hypothesis is null hypothesis. Null means no. So null hypothesis is very simple it says that there is no link between the two variables independent or dependent variable ke beech mein koi connection nahi hai. That means no connection between the variables just like in case of our example null hypothesis would be there is no connection between stress and cancer. There are a lot of other hypothesis which you need to know before you sit for UGC net exam. We cover all of them in detail in our online video course for UGC net paper one. If you are preparing for UGC net paper one or paper two I have some amazing news for you we offer four separate video courses for UGC net paper one and UGC net paper two for English commerce and management in all our online courses we provide you with topic wise video lessons with rich animations covering all the topics in a step by step manner which works even when you have not done any previous preparation. We also provide you high quality PDF and revision notes that covers syllabus wise topics comprehensively and ensure you qualify your dream exam in just one attempt. Along with video lectures and PDF we also offer test series that consists of more than 3000 unit wise questions that comes with detail explanation plus after every test you get a detailed performance report and your ranking in all India leaderboard which will help you spot your weak and strong areas. We cover all important topics, writers and works in our online course the detailed list of all our online course topics are covered in our website free of cost that is arpathakarwa.com If you are preparing for these exams on your own we would highly recommend you to visit our website and download this detailed list of topics and check out the solved previous year papers of all these competitive exams. The link of our website and all the courses that we offer is given in the description box below you can check out the course details of our website and even watch free demo lectures attempt free demo mock test before you decide to enroll in our course. For more information regarding the courses we offer feel free to shoot your queries on the WhatsApp number displayed on your screen and me and my team will be more than happy to assist you. The next important thing about research that you must cover for UGC net paper one is types of research so we all know that there are various types of research experimentation is one such research experiments are done when you go to a laboratory and then you do a research in a controlled environment all the factors are controlled on the other hand there is another kind of research which is observational research so observational research is done in a very simple normal setting for example if I want to do some research on animals I might go towards you and then observe the animals from a distance and do my research another important type of research is X post factor research. This particular research has been asked so many times in net exam so ensure that you know this research in depth X post factor research is where you target the people who have already been through that particular condition for example if we talk about a researcher who wants to determine cause and effect relationship between height and IQ score now a researcher cannot physically alter someone's height right therefore specific groups will be put together based on how tall they are and then I will evaluate their IQ I cannot take a group like this many people will be given a shot and then research that is not possible right so I take such participants who already differ in independent variables the next important thing that you must study are the tools of research just like you need tools to build a building or a piece of furniture you need several tools which will help you in your research so one such tool is interview if I am doing a research whether today's youth like old retro songs I can use interview as a tool to know their opinion about retro songs I can go to young people ask them their opinions note it down and then publish the finding of my research similarly another research tool is questionnaire which is something that we use if population size is very very large if I want to research what kind of movie students of this generation likes to watch I will make a questionnaire give it to set of young people after getting the result of the questionnaire the data will give out new insights about students and their liking for movies for example we will understand how many students like science fiction movies how many of them are inclined towards family melodrama you might also find based on the answers of your questionnaire how many students are inclined towards comedy or action so questionnaire is a great tool which will help you to collect data for your research another important type of tool is survey it is used if research is to be done on a very very large population if a country has to implement a new law or a new act then the best way to do is survey another important research tool is projective test it is connected to psychology so there are a lot of tests which can give details about the subconscious or repressed desires of a person for example there's a very famous test called roshak ink block test now in this test you will be shown few pictures and based on your interpretation of the pictures you need to write a story or you have to describe what's happening in the picture now that is a very subjective thing her insan ko kuch alag dikhega us picture mein now when a psychologist studies your answer he will understand those repressed desires that are there inside you and those suppressed emotions that are there inside you and this is how he gets to know about the underlying traits so this is another kind of research tool the next important topic that you must study is sampling and the types of sampling now what is a sample i'm going to explain this by giving you a simple example a researcher wants to research on how many hours an average student plays video games daily now this becomes really impossible because millions and millions of students are there who play video games and i cannot collect data from all over the world this will be an impossible task so what do i do as a researcher i am going to do a very simple thing i will take sample suppose there are one million students i as a researcher will take a small part of it for say ten thousand students and i'm going to do research on them and whatever research i will get i will generalize it on the entire one million students population is the entire set of people on which research should be done but the research is done on a sample which is a part of the entire population the result obtained from the sample is then generalized on the entire population now there are various ways to get samples one simple way is lucky draw just him cut that suppose we select random ten thousand students from all the students out there in the world and research on those people and then generalize their finding so in this case consider these ten thousand students to represent the entire population this is called simple random sampling another better way to do sampling is by systematic random sampling in this i arranged the students in one row then i take up every tenth student every tenth student that is picked up is selected for the research like tenths number of student for twentieth page of student of a thirtieth number page of student and so on another type of sampling is cluster sampling japa ka population bohot bada hai so then what you do is you divide your population into clusters and then choose a few clusters as your sample for example in case i want to know the impact of video games and school students in india i would choose ten students ten schools randomly and research on the students that belong to those ten schools these ten schools are known as clusters so that is cluster sampling it just means that you're using naturally existing clusters for your research friends these are few important ways in which you can take a sample for your research if you found this video helpful so far then please like this video by giving it a big fan thumbs up and also share it with other fellow aspirants who are struggling with similar kind of questions now let's move on to the next topic which is the importance of ethics in research methodology research is a very noble work friends many people who are into research often get aid from the government even the people around them support them if they are doing a research along with being such an overlap research is also very responsible act there are some ethical rules and regulations that a researcher should follow for example it is a duty of the researcher that the information collected by him should remain confidential if i'm giving my private information to a researcher for the sake of his research he should take care that my information should not be leaked similarly the participation in research shall always be voluntary no researcher can force anyone to participate in their research participants should be given the freedom to withdraw at any point from the research we also have to ensure that no harm is caused to the participants while conducting the research you should also know that all the important research ethics are asked in net exam very frequently so ensure that this topic the next topic that you must study in detail is about thesis writing after doing the research it is very important for the researcher to present the research findings properly this presentation is called thesis writing there's a set format for the thesis writing which any researcher needs to follow first you need to mention the title of your research then you need to talk about the abstract in which you basically give a synopsis or summary of your research then the next thing you talk about is the literature review then you talk about the method that you have used in order to conduct your research finally you disclose the results and after the result you have a discussion then there's a separate section of appendix and then finally you have a section of reference where you mention all the sources that you have referred to in your research so this is a set procedure which you need to follow whenever you are drafting a thesis remember this procedure very very cautiously because in UGC net exam several times they give these steps in jumbled format and they ask you to put them in the right order last but not the least we will be looking at some of the most important statistical area in the unit research methodology that you need to touch upon when you are preparing for UGC net paper one there's a portion called hypothesis testing which involves terms like t test f test chi square and you must be aware of all these terms you must also look into normal distribution curve and terms associated with it such as q tosses skewness q tosses basically means the peakness of a curve when you plot the finding of the research on a graph paper you get a curve right the peakness of that curve is q tosses it is done to find that peak of the curve then there's another term called skewness which indicates the symmetry of the curve is it inclined towards left is it inclined towards right is it in the center that kind of thing is skewness so these are some important terms which might be asked in the upcoming UGC net exam as they were asked in the previous year papers too so if you are looking for past year papers of UGC net paper one then we invite you to visit our website right now we have provided past 10 years papers along with ansakhi free of cost on our website you can simply go download those papers and start your preparation right away so that's it for this video lecture i tried to incorporate all the important areas which are important in research methodology so do make sure that you read the important areas and you prepare accordingly as i've already told you we cover all these topics in detail in our online course you can even join our online course i'm quite eager to know how you felt about this video did you like it not like it did you find it helpful please share your views in the comments below also if you have any questions any doubts or if you want me to make video on any other topic feel free to put that too in the comment section below so that's it from my side for this video lecture i'll meet you very very soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next happy learning keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpitaakarwa.com