 Dear student, I am Dr. Hanna Khan. I will teach you the course of multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis is an important branch of statistics. Before going to introduction of the multivariate analysis, I would like to explain what is the variable and the object. Now variable. A variable is a characteristic that can be mired and that can assume different values. Basically, what is variable? Look at its name, variable, it means vari. What is it? Characteristics. The characteristics that we can measure and assume its different values. That is called the variable. Now for example, height. Height is a variable. How do we take height? Height of a tree. Height of a plant. Height of a person. Height of a tree. Constant name. It varies. Okay? Height of a person. Constant name. Variable. Now the variable that is called the variable that we can assume. We can give its different values. We can measure that. That is called the variable. For example, age. Age varies. Age is also constant. We don't have it. Income. Income is also constant. Income is also variable. Which is variable and we can measure it. That is called the variable. Grades. Obtained at school. Now the grades that you are obtaining, we have told the grades that you are taking A grade, B grade, C grade students. So that is called the variable. Type of housing. What is type of housing? Medium house, small house and large house. Type of housing we have. It is also varying. We can call it variable. And further we can call it single bedroom house, two bedroom house and three bedroom house. Which is called large house. It is also varying. This is also called the variable. We can measure it. Are all examples of variable. Variable may be classified into two main categories. We divide a variable into two main categories. Further which two main categories are called category, categorical and numeric. These are the types of variable. Categorical variable and the numeric variable. Now the categorical variable is the category or type. In the previous example, I gave you an example. Grades of students. Grades of students, because it is a great word, it means that it will be its categories. A grade, B grade, C grade, categories are coming. So this is called the categorical variable. And if I had told it 80%, 90%, 70%, when I talked in percent, then it had to be numeric. But I have talked about grades, it means that it is categorical variable. For example, hair color. Now what is hair color? Basically categories are light brown, dark brown, black hair. Variable. So this is the categorical variable. For example, hair color is the categorical variable. And hometown is also a categorical variable. What we took in hometown? Like Lahore, Ravalpindi, Peshawar, Faisalabad. So these are varying from different hometowns. Which we are not giving numeric values which is categorical variable. Diabetics. Which we have taken? We are taking diabetic treatment A. Diabetic treatment B is coming. So A diabetic, B diabetic, these are also coming to us. And gender are all categorical variables. Gender means male and female. Which we are calling categorical variable. And categorical variable basically we call it absent and present. That means it does not have a mayument. In that we can see its absence and its presence. This is called the categorical variable. Now next is the numeric variable. Which we are calling numeric values. A numeric variable is a variable where the mayument or number has a numerical meaning. Now numeric values, like I gave you the example of height. What do we have here? We have numeric value. 5 feet, 10 feet, 7 feet. That means you are assuming it with numeric value. This is called the numerical variable. For example, total rainfall in inches. Total rainfall we are measuring in inches. Now what is total rainfall? 2 inches rainfall, 3 inches, 4 inches. That means we have given it numeric value. Next is the heart rate is a numeric value. Now in heart rate we have a normal heart rate of 6200. So now 6200 means in normal heart rate we have given it numeric value. This is called the numerical variable. Number of cheeseburgers consumed in our hours is a numeric value. Where the number of words comes which we can measure in terms of number. This is called the numeric variable. So number of cheeseburgers consumed in our hours. How many burgers consume in an hour? We can assume it as 10, 20, 30 numeric values. These are called the variable. Next is the object. The object is a value associated with a particular variable. Now the particular variable that we are taking different measures is called the object. Such as the height. We have a height variable. Now we have an object in height and the object can be 2 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 5.5 feet. We have given it categories. We have allotted different numbers. We have allotted different numbers. We have allotted the height in different numbers. That is called the object. Age. What do we have in age? Variable. In age we have 5 months, 10 months and 15 months. We have made the variable of different categories. That is called the object. Income. Income is the variable. And what kind of income do we have? In which we have divided it further. 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, etc. So income is the variable. And the categories that we are dividing it further, that is 10, 20, 30,000, that is called the object.