 It's my pleasure to introduce our moderator and our speakers. Our moderator today is Renato Siminelli. He's president of GeoParc Quadrilateral for RIFERO, which is a member of the SDSN network. We also have speaking with us today, Adan Olivares Castro, who's Irma's lead point of contact for stakeholders and indigenous rights holders across the Americas and the Caribbean. With his technical, mining, engineering experience and personal connection to Latin America, having been born and raised in Colombia, Adan is passionate about improving socio-environmental issues with respect to mining. We're also thrilled to have Maria Emilia-Enriquez. She's a member of the faculty of the Institute of Legal Sciences at the Federal University of Pará. She's also a professor at the Graduate Program of Law and Development in Amazonia. And she does research on green economics, mining and sustainable development, regional development and the bio-economy. She holds a PhD in sustainable development from the University of Brasilia. Thank you so much again for joining us and, Renato, you may begin. Okay, hello all. Good early morning, good morning, good afternoon, good evening, wherever you are based. Speakers and audience have consolidated the series of webinars, visions to SDGE mining territories as a reference of contents, concepts and fundamentals. We will be preparing a collection of these webinars for the mining territories and mining opportunities soon. The webinar of today marks the transition of visions to SDGE to mining territories to a new set of webinars and round tables that convey to pathways to mining and territory sustainability, assessment and governance. Welcome the speakers, Professor Maria Emilia-Enriquez, Federal University of Pará in the Amazon region, Brazil, city of Belém and Adan Olivares Castro, responsible miner Shures Irma, regional lead, Americas and the Caribbean. Laurie, many thanks for the introduction and for our partnership in implementing the network under SDSN, Sustainable Development Solution Network. The platform visions to SDGE mining territory has been very successful in the introduction and discussion of new concepts and proposals. Good morning to the audience that in all webinars has supported the development of the titles proposed. The webinar visions to SDGE mining territories of today will examine the tension between the short-term expectations of the territorial actors, communities, government stakeholders and the long-term objectives and projections of the mining companies. How governance can be a pathway is highlighted. How it can build trust, join solutions, better future prospectus and the alignment of risk perceptions between the two sides. The future may hide risks like water shortage, safety and discontinuity of production as examples. I wish you all a very productive, discussive and learning webinar. Thank you. We're now going to turn to Maria Emilia. Give me just one second and I will get your slides up. There we go, begin when you're ready. Yes, well, it's a pleasure to be here. Thank you very much, Lauren. Congratulations for the very, very good engagement and for CSDSN. I have a good news because right now the University Federal of Paraguay in Basie is engaged now in SDSN. And you proposed our affiliated. I'd like to thank you very much for Renat Siminelli for the invitation and congratulations also Renat for very brilliant to work. He has done in the Quadrilateral Ferrecero and my colleague Adam for the beautiful region in British Columbia. Well, I've taken about the, I ask you some help for Lauren. I don't know why my screen is not rolling. But Lauren, could you please help me? Okay, next please. Well, no, I think there was one before, not one before. Ah, okay, because it's all the version. Well, I'd like, first of all, before starting to talk about governance and territory, I'd like to highlight three points important. First of all, to understand the importance of governance nowadays is essential to understand what is the relationship between mining and development. And you have some key points for some vision. The economic perspective is dominant. So the mining is a very ingenious for promote development. But you have the second point that I'd like to highlight this intrinsic characteristic of mining, which you try to resume in seven-dimensional. This intrinsic characteristic tended to degenerate what is very classic, no, in mineral economy that is resourcey course. And the basic is the dimension, the three points I would like to highlight as the initiative considered the good practice. What can I do in order to counteract the descendants of resourcey course? So let's start, Lauren, please. Well, the main dominated vision is, which stresses the economic dimension as that the new investment in mining generate jobs, local income, tax, new investment, it's increased GDP. So the mining is a circular development, the growth through directly to development. This development of the region, the territory is a natural consequence of the mining investment. This vision was predominant especially for World Bank in the 17s and 18s, but there was a critical vision, which usually from the south, please, next, Lauren, the south, it started in the middle of, next, please, the fifties that the mining could degenerate for a course, the new investment mining generate limited amount of employment, tax and local income, not address all the local necessity or all the local region necessity. And also, that was leakage because neither of this, all this employment is from this region. Other region take advantage for the opportunity. So you have leakage in the effects and the social economic externality increases also that are impacted in GDP, but not necessarily in the development. So mining, it depends off the balance between, how can you manage the externality, the leakage and the opportunity could evolve to development or could develop for resource course. This literature about resource course, starting in the sixties, especially with David Kaufman said the resource course 1.0, David Kaufman is the former president of Natural Resource Institute Governance. And they said the different resource course. The first one in the 60 is linked to the disease, but the second, the resource course is 2.2, incorporated what he called the soft governance. The necessity that the mining publishes what they say, the transparency, the accountability, the social participation is very, very important in order to evolve to development. So they call also resource secursity 3.0 in the beginning of 2000 that he called Tepe plus Troika is tough governance questions about the crisis of democracy, conflict, climate crisis. And they also recently what they call resource costs 4.0. Next one, please. So the relationship between mining and development is increasingly linked with the governance in the main characteristics of the mining, which could degenerate for development or a course. What's the attribute of the mining is increasingly that could provoke a course. First of all, it's locational rigidity. Locational rigidity, the mining has to compete with other forms of use of the territory. It's that I dispute sometimes for water, for land, for local, for leisurely, for protected areas. The second is unknown when availability of this deposit. Deposit, mining is affinity resource. So it's dependent of the life of the deposit. How can we manage the source of the income during this life of deposit? Sometimes deposit is shorter and the grade is shorter. They have no enough time to promote the transition for another kind of economy. And together, this attribute is the capital-intensive naturally of the mining in more and more, for example, in my state, Pará, state in the north of Amazonia, the last project, the Iron Ward project in Valley, the hiring of the jobs is the, half of it was in the beginning of the 80s because of the 4.0 industry. And together, this naturally of boom and bust, for example, Nyeri or in the last, in 2022, if I'm not wrong, the peak of the prices is $210 a photon and right now is $100. So it's a sequel of like a holocaust, so difficult to manage the income from this activity. The potential to try to distribute the profits because it could induce the sex characteristics in seeking behavior, the different groups to increase its sharing of the benefit of the mining in the potential to generate high environmental impact. Next, please, Laoding. So in briefly, could you, you have just 50 minutes, maybe it's not enough to explore deeply, but our goal is to show that all these characteristics is very, very well studied by literature and you have the good part of the story. You have a counteract, you have a good practice. How could a good governor could manage this problem which promotes the resource course. Please, the locational rigidity, you're talking about the dispute of the conflict. The counteract for this is zoning, ecological economic zoning. What's the spaces must be mining? It must not. If you have, for example, a special ecological area, no gold zone, it's okay, it's okay. I have an example in my state. And please, Laoding, give you opportunity for well, the good of use the territory. Laoding, please, you go to promote, to create a new opportunity to promote other economic activity, good institution in order to create, for example, infrastructure. It's not to serve just the mining, but the other community in local and the region as a whole. Next, you will. And they explore the ways to collaborate with local activity. You saw, fortunately, these three characteristics which is especially new project. You can see it in Brazil, especially after the disaster in Mariana and Gromadinho. Next, please. The activity subject to social, not next, I think to go faster. I think it may be Becky, Laoding. Next, okay. Because you can talk about the examples, of the rigidity, especially, I think next one, next one, please. Next, please. I tell it after, because I give some examples. This is examples of zoning in my state in beginning of 2000, that are a very huge bulk city project in north of Brazil, but I stayed here in the map. And it was creating a special protective area. This project was at Rio Tinto and the government and the company decided not go, no mining zoning because it's a special preserving area, especially ecological area. But you have, next, please. You have example, for example, in Quiruna, in Souta, until all the town was changed because of the mining, the society decided it's important, the mining go ahead and they change completely the city for this. Another example is in Mexico, one city that, next, please, that live together, the mining is very old in the region of San Pedro, Sierra San Pedro in Mexico, and they decide until the mining is continued. So I'd like to stress that it's depend of the governance to decide what is no goes on or what must be mobilized in favor to the mining. Next, please. The second is normally a new goal of the positive. The useful life of mining is short. So sometimes have no time enough to do the transition for the other economy. What is the good price for this? The good prices, next, please, regional planning or sometimes tax policy, for example, recently UK in the pandemic times, when especially after the Ukrainian war when the oil and gas increase a lot the price, the UK government imposed a tax for 25% normal profit in order to increase each sharing in the benefit of the mining. There are another example in Australia, in Botswana, in South Africa, but it's not just the case to increase each sharing in participate, but the use it wisely, the use it well. Next, one, please. The other characteristic is the capital intensive. As I said, mining is, for example, the new project of the value here in Paris State, the F11D, there are lots of automotive activities that are not banned, all the trucks is autonomous and there are lots of less, the contract, the other side is less job, less income, less time to do the transition. So it's very, very important. Since the beginning, Laura, could you please? Since the beginning, increase, for example, contract of local service, local confidence policy in order to stimulate other kind of economic, which serve not just to mining, but other activity. Since the beginning, because the grade is low and the life expectation is shorter. So it's very important to prepare the economy for the second moment to live without mining. For example, a good example, next, Laura, as the local employment and the local content, local content that could be regulatory or could be facilitated in order, lots of mining companies doing it fortunately right now. For example, support educational training facility, give you fiscal incentives, reward local employment, preference for award locals in mining contracts, it could be mandatory also in the moment of to receive the license, for example, put minimal local employment content as many countries in Africa is doing right now. Mandatory training requirement includes the people, indigenous women, disadvantaged groups and things like this. That are very, very interesting, very successful or not to sexist, but it's a way, it's a good way if it is made good governance, it could surprise some inequality for, Laura, next please, for example, gender equality in mining. And here in Brazil, just 15% of the employment in mining is women in all the sector, for example, the services, it's 42%. So we have a longer, longer way to go in order to attend this exigence of equality of gender. The next one is the boom and bust cycle, as I said, because of the inherent price fluctuation that are very, very good example, next please, Laura, especially in mineral funds. It starts for oil and gas, next, you have this very, very beautiful example in different levels, state levels, country levels, municipal levels, for example, in Brazil, you start put in some cities in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, and here in my state, Canada, is Carajás creates a fund which promotes diversification of activity. You have states using Brazil Spiritus Santo to create a sovereign fund for state, that are a classical funding Alaska, and Alberta, and Canada, and Alabama, and that are the, in all ways, a better example of how to apart the resources, the financial in order to better use such money in the future or to prepare the economy to transition for no economics. You see the interest increasing in this kind of fund, especially to avoid this Holocaust effect. Next, please, the 50, sorry, I'm gonna do the next slide, but we're coming to the end of your time, sorry. Okay, here, just in order to finish the conflict, you have very, very good example, for example, how to share these benefits in red dog mining Alaska. I have no time to show all the benefits, but it's very good if you are interested in just to show. And the sixth point, next, please, just to finish, as the rent-seeking behavior, and to avoid rent-seeking, you have a proposal of EITI initiative that are very good example in Botswana. And in this dimension, we create lots of discussion about how to improve governance in order to avoid the rent-seeking, including the very excellent role of Natural Resource Governance Institute. Next one, please, Lauren. The governance is different here, the principle, transparency, accountability, social participation, orientation of consensus, responsiveness, efficiency, equity, inclusion, all this principle is fairly, very important in order to improve the governance. Next one, all the lots of consensus in literature, that's the good governance that convert mineral incoming in better in the lack of governance could degenerate in resource course. And next, this is a very interesting the Natural Resource Governance Institute to create a governance resource industry is very interesting. Next, please Lauren, just two slides to finish. They incorporated three-dimensional, the revenue management, next, governments and the value of realisation, it's very interesting because there are all the indicator to follow the level of the governance of the territory of the municipality or in the country. And to finish it, some example of the companies is doing here in Brazil in order to counteract this tendency of this impact created in social, environmental impact. Next, just three slides, Lauren, please. This is an example in the left side in some mining, not used dam now, after especially the disasters in Mariana and Bromaginio and the right side is example of Anglo-American, they used the waste to pave public vias. And next one, please. You have some example, very interesting. For example, one, Sigmalitium in Jacintinonha Valley here in Brazil, create a institute and the Voluntari create a fund to invest in local population. They focus in social aspect and the environmental aspect. And another example is Fundo de Sigmalitium, the hydro here in my state, which reserve 500 million invested the city in different dimensions, just to see some examples. Well, just to finish, there are a strong attendance that mining, if it left only the footprint of market force into the development resources, each in all version, 1.0, 2, 3, and 4, and to prevent this pathology that added lots of good examples to strengthen governance, to defend zoning, to go and not go, to adopt the local contents policy to create founded, to capture the, and the use wisely income, mineral income. So I'd like to thank you very much for your attention and I suppose to discuss the finish, please. Okay, thank you very much, Nauri, for your assistance. Thank you so much, Maria Emilia. And Adan, please, the floor is yours. Awesome, thank you, Maria, for that great information. I'll try to keep it as brief as possible just to maximize the amount of time we have for questions and answers. So yeah, good morning, everyone. Really thankful again for the opportunity to briefly discuss what the initiative for responsible mining assurance is and how it addresses most importantly the long-term challenges related to mining. And just to expand very briefly on my role with Irma, the main focus is essentially raising awareness about the Irma standard and independent audit system with all stakeholders that Irma serves in the Americas and the Caribbean with the overall aim of coordinating mutual and collect work. So for those of you that do not know about Irma, it is a voluntary initiative that developed a comprehensive standard that aims to cover every indicator relevant to mining. It is applicable to industrial-scale mines at the mine site level, not company-wide. And Irma also manages the system of third-party independent audits of mines that measure against the standard. The audits are based on 400-plus requirements that formed the Irma standard, which civil society participated and contributed over the 12-year development period of the initiative and the standard. A key component of an Irma audit is that Irma approved third-party auditors, traveled to the mine site and meet with multiple stakeholders who are affected by the mine. Auditors take all stakeholders' perspectives into consideration when measuring a mine's performance against the requirements of the standard. And our mission is fairly simple, but one that is obviously quite complex and that's to protect people and the environment directly affected by mining. We're an organization that is led by an equal multi-stakeholder board. So essentially we use an equitable governance model and this means that each group that is part of the Irma Board of Directors has equal value and voice in all decision-making processes. And just to build on the previous slide, these are the six groups that formed the Irma governance structure and our current board members. Irma members essentially elect a board representative for their respective group. It is the person that forms part of the board rather than the company as a whole. Board members strive, of course, to make decisions by consensus where they cannot achieve this, however, they agree to vote. Any vote that results in two no votes from the same group does not pass and the issue must go back to all six groups for further discussion and resolution. So this means that a topic cannot pass if one of the stakeholder groups is fundamentally opposed. Focusing on the main topic of this webinar, it's important to acknowledge that volunteer initiatives can never replace laws that all operators need to follow. At best, a volunteer initiative can be a best practice standard that helps provide a template and increase stakeholder support for stronger laws and oversight. Volunteer initiatives, I think, have the capacity to build relationships with various stakeholders that's based on mutual trust and respect. However, to accomplish this, there is a need for the initiative or standard to have this equal multi-stakeholder governance structure that I've mentioned. This does not just mean that stakeholders from civil society or indigenous rights holders participate in decision-making processes, but most importantly have equal power, voting power when making decisions. This is one of the key factors that makes a difference than any other voluntary initiative or standard in the planet. Initiatives and standards that have transparency at the core, which is something that's talked a lot in this space, I think we demonstrate that transparency by publicly noticing audits and publicly sharing results to support community and worker engagement, which has a key role in starting to build trust with mining-impacted civil society, including, of course, indigenous rights holders and also contributing towards meaningful mining and community engagement. The Irma Standard and Independent Audit System I think are a tool that one, increase access to information on the impacts of currently operating mines and also support, it's essentially you, everybody that's here that's working on these issues, in having an informed base to ask for improvements and second, to assess the potential impacts of new proposed mines as well. Irma is unique, as I've started to mention, in that compared to other voluntary initiatives or standards that look at mining, we are not an industry-led initiative. Historically, there has been a large focus as well on certification and that keyword essentially meaning a tangible document that is printed in frame. Irma slightly shifts away from that in that it places a focus on the real issue and that is essentially instilling a continuous improvement mentality and more than anything, verification process. And this occurs unless, of course, all 400 plus requirements are fully met, in which case we do have a designation that is certification. This approach, as mentioned, focuses on the big picture rather than a piece of paper to hang up on a wall. And Irma is also the only mining initiative with the Equival Governance Model, just to emphasize that and we're the only standard actively reaching out to affected communities to encourage them to use the Irma system as a tool to drive more responsible business practices and also to train and support communities on how to do this. We're still new, of course, and since most other systems are industry-led, many indigenous communities or just mining impacted communities in general aren't fully aware of Irma and they're skeptical, of course, that the private sector won't just try to use it for continued greenwashing. So on behalf of Irma, we need to earn that trust, of course, and hold our own system accountable. Here, I wanted to just briefly show that the makers of electric vehicles, renewable energy are here in community and NGO concerns about mining's impacts. I think they're sensitized to this and are working to change their sourcing of mine materials. Energy companies, car makers, other purchasers are pushing mines that they buy minerals from to be audited against the Irma standard and to be more transparent about the impacts and to show, most importantly, measurable improvement in the near term. And we understand the risks of companies, as I mentioned, using Irma as a greenwashing strategy and the best way for us to address this concern is by encouraging people to read the completed audit reports on our website and see for yourself that our audit system is not simply a check mark and is, in fact, a rigorous process. We have also received increased recognition by government authorities. This includes the European Parliament, the US government and the latest being the Chilean government, which has referenced Irma in the country's national lithium strategy as a framework to initiate a process of dialogue and participation with stakeholders impacted by lithium mining. Just last slide here to give people very much an idea of the impact Irma's having. Here are just some statistics that of mine sites measuring against the standard. Globally, we have 94 mine sites registered in the system, 58 of which are self-assessing against the standard, 21 mine sites are piloting the draft exploration or mineral processing standards and 15 are in the independent assessment system, meaning that either these 15 mines have an independent audit underway or has been completed. Out of these 16 sites, 12 are currently in progress and three have been completed and publicly released their reports, which you can find on the Irma website. The latest one being Alvin Marley's salar plant in Chile's Atacama Desert. And mine sites registered in our system cover these 29 countries you see here on the slide on the left and combined produced over 50 different materials. As I believe and I saw on the audience there, we have some folks from Brazil. I'll highlight the engagement as well of Irma in Latin America. Of these 94 mines registered in our system, 26 are based in Latin America. So just over 25% with one of them being in the Caribbean as well. We anticipate the results of the Baralto and Minas-Riau Brazil sites to be released this year. And we also have a couple new sites as well in Brazil that we just announced are going to be measuring against the standard. And given the trajectory, the increasing trajectory of mines over time, as you can see in the two graphs that are measuring against the standard, we anticipate the standard influence to continue increasing. So this concludes my presentation. Thank you all so much. Try to keep it as brief as I could there. And yeah, would definitely welcome everybody's questions. I'll also post my email on the chat as well in case anybody has any questions and that I did see as well a request to share slides and we'll definitely share those through Lauren as well. And just a reminder that this webinar is also being recorded so people can always view it as well later on. Thank you. Thanks so much. You're making my job easy. We do have a couple of questions. I see them coming in through the chat. Please feel free to keep sending them. Renato, I don't know if you want to read them out or if you want me to. No, you can read. Great. Well, I'm going to start with a question we have from Carlos Petier. He's asking Maria, Amelia, and colleagues. Don't you think that all mines must leave a portion of the reserves under production to be used by future generations instead of mining something to depletion? Thoughts on that? Just stop right now to start right now, Lauren. Yeah, we'll take the one at a time. Okay. I'll start with this and then if anybody else wants to add something and we'll go to the next question. That's a good question. It's about the governance because the society has to discuss about this. For someone, maybe the technology is changing. It's not the case to maintain huge reserves because you don't know, for example, I don't want a reserve. You don't know if the technology can use a huge amount of iron ore. So we have to use it. And the quick question is how to transit for an economy which is sustainable, not a non-renewable resource. This is a point. How to use wisely the financial resources from this deposit. My personal view is to maintain the deposit especially in region that are the special ecological ecological because the subsoil is also important for ecological and bio-diverse. Did anybody else want to come in on this question? What are the next one? For my two cents, I would say that that's also an interesting question. And I think some people are doing some really interesting and innovative things around the circular economy to reduce our need as well for sort of virgin raw materials. And even like some people are doing cool things with using mining wastes and tailings to try to pull out more raw materials as the technology improves. We have a question from Bruba Barbizani for Adan asking if there are synergies between Irma and TSM. Yes, that's a great question, Bruna. Thank you so much for asking that. And of course there are discussions with Mining Association of Canada who created the towards sustainable mining standard to ensure that, well, not to ensure but most importantly to understand how the two standards address various topics related to mining in terms of measuring their performance. Of course, I think in this space for some time it's been discussed that there's over 158 voluntary initiatives. We hear the demand from stakeholders of having perhaps that consolidated to a few standards. So of course there's been discussion on how that could look like, not just with TSM but also with ICMM, International Council of Mining and Metals, Coppermark World Gold Council kind of the list goes on. At the end of the day for Irma something that we are not willing to compromise is not having an equal multi-stakeholder governance structure. A lot of other initiatives, including TSM which is industry led. Of course, I mean, we have to recognize that TSM did pioneer throughout the early 2000s and 90s how to measure the performance with regards to socioeconomic environmental indicators of mining. But at the same time, we're now in a day and age where the demand is more from stakeholders and to regain and rebuild trust. It's paramount that we have standards that advocate for both stakeholders that are in favor of mining that would like better mining practices. But at the same time, there's groups that don't want mining in their backyard. And there is a massive gap in terms of what tools these stakeholders can have access to in order to really understand and have that, I guess I could say, a data-driven decision-making process as well where they have the information to say, you know what, no, we don't want mining for this reason. This has been independently verified and we stand by our decision. And it's also something that stakeholders across the world, including ourselves here in this webinar, most of us are purchasers. We all have computers. We all have vehicles. So it's important for us to understand the perspectives of what people go through in the global south, what the struggles of communities in this whole idea at the comma where a huge chunk of lithium resources are located just to be able to be on the same page. And most importantly, have that constructive dialogue on how we're going to move forward. Does anybody else want to add anything on that? I have one question for both, maybe. We have seen the rise of the critical minerals or strategic minerals for critical applications. How do you see the future concerning sustainability? With this being so critical, you think that maybe the society may just look for availability or you think that maybe they, this kind of production will be more and more required to be in the forefront of sustainability. Like really being a green minerals producers. It's a very tough... If you want to address that, I just send you some questions on the chat as well. It's a very tough question. At the same time that the mining is the solution, is this the problem? Because they compete with other use of the territory. I think it's an example of how the government's discussion of the society, the society might make a decision. I'm not sure that mining, you have to mining all the territory just because it has the deposit. There are some territory even has a very good deposit. It's not to mining because it's special, special for biodiversity, special for the society. For example, the conflict for water, for example, if the mining finished the resource of the water, how can you manage it? Which is more important, the water or the minerals? So I think it's very, very important to zone it to the sides when I can go with it. Obviously, there was environmental and social impact. And you have to, how can you compensate? How can you avoid? How can you try to mitigate this impact? But this is an issue that the society has to decide. Adam? Yeah, sorry, I was just replying. There's a couple more questions there on the chat that I wanted to get to before summarizing. I mean, yeah, just to kind of keep it as journal as I can with regards to sustainability and water usage. I think where stakeholders have water specifically, water quality, quantity usage, is pieces of information at the side level that not all jurisdictions have a fair and accessible way for stakeholders to have access to the information, which is a key driver, of course, of driving sustainability. So I think there's a lot of work that can be done in various jurisdictions to have access to the information in a manner that is accessible. In Canada, of course, we have various examples of that through public registries that do seem to take on a good way to have access to the information, but at the same time. Now it's coming to a situation where there's thousands of documents in these public registries, in the case of kind of provincial governments, that do have spreadsheets about water quality, how much it's being used. But it's also addressing that difficult balance of what is useful and what kind of noise and how that information is related to the public. So I think there's definitely some work that we can do with that. I'd like to comment, my colleague, Idan Machado here. They said, I'm sorry to tell everybody that many of the items can be considered an exercise of wishful thinking. I think, well, everything is started for the desire, you know. How, I know there are lots of problems, but the good news is there are some solutions and there are lots of literature address, show the best practice. I tried to show the seven point, if I compare it like animals, savage animal that is necessary to domesticate by governance. If you let the mining free to the enormous of the free market, it could be generated to resource course. You see lots of example like this, but if we stay a concern about this possibility and you know what is the, not the case of to use it as a receipt which was good in Alaska, in British Columbia, in Mexico, you'll be in Brazil, not, but it inspired, it caused the patient the necessity to prepare, to planning, to involve the society, to control, not to lefty to free. This is important to call attention for all the mention, all the mention could provoke serious problem, but all the mention was very deeply studied and there are some recommendation in order to avoid this problem. We're almost out of time, so unfortunately I know we didn't get to every single question, but I'm gonna suggest that each commenter leave us with a minute of closing remarks, ways that people on the line can get engaged and try to foster better governance of the sector as a whole, different roles that maybe you see for personal citizens versus governments versus people who are working in companies or anything else that you want to address in your last minute. We'll start with Adan, I think, and then Maria and then Renata to close this out. Yeah, I'll keep it really brief for me, we've got three minutes here and I think I've said a good chunk of what my closing arguments are, but I think there's, I think through this data science era that we're living with everything being digitalized, that the volume of information is just gonna keep piling and piling and piling, so I think it's critical for people to do due diligence and really understand exactly what they're buying and what information is out there and how to use it and screen out for noise. I think that's the most important message that I can give people and their own standard is something that is of use. Happy to continue discussing and then I'd share my contact email there as well, but the reality is for some folks it's not going to be like that or may not be the best tool for them and it's about accepting that and really having a constructive dialogue to keep on building and improving. Thank you very much, Lauren, for excellent coordination. Thank you, Renata, Adam for sharing this table with you. What I sharing with the EU is a part of a research we are doing here at University Federal de Pará in order to look for alternative to avoid resource costs because you see lots of in the municipal level, regional level, including in the country level, lots of talking about the disease, the industrialization in Brazil. You saw in the territory, for example, in my state Pará, it's more than 50 years in big mining and the promise is increased development but you don't see how fast this development comes. So our research try to collect this good example in order to show what the government, the academia, the civil society, the industry can do in order to avoid the resource costs. I think the resource cost is a real threat and it must be addressed with good governance. This is my final remarks. Thank you very much for having me in this Inspiron seminar. Well, I'll be short, just send you a message. Let's say that we are very open to create new titles for the webinars. So please do free to suggest us and we can talk again about the titles that can be included in the coming webinars. Thank you very much. Thank you again to our wonderful speakers, Renato, Maria, Amelia and Adan. Thank you to everybody for being with us. The slides will be posted and the recording as well. Everyone should get that direct to their email inbox. My guests would be maybe Monday. Thank you again and I wish everybody a great rest of your day and whatever time zone you're joining from. Thank you.