 We have completely removed everything. I'm standing on the right side. Camera person is on the left side This is going to be a demonstration of the kidney and the ureter and their vascular structures Let's start with the peritoneum here on the left side. This is the parietal peritoneum This shiny thing that you see here when this parietal peritoneum comes in front of the kidney We can see that the kidney is retroperitoneal. So we have reflected the parietal peritoneum Under that there is a layer of fat, which is called the retroperitoneal fat After we have removed the retroperitoneal fat We have two other layers of fat and we can see one of the layers of fat here We have retained a little bit of that on the left side. This is the perinephric fat Which completely encircles the kidney and this perinephric fat is situated under the renal fascia or the gerotas fascia The gerotas fascia is derived from the extension of the fascia transversalis Which splits anteriorly and posterior to enclose Further posteriorly we see this layer of fat Which is behind the posterior layer of gerotas fascia and this is referred to as the pararenal fat body So we have removed all of this and once we remove this fat anteriorly We noticed that this particular kidney had a very thick and a white renal capsule Which was completely separate from the kidney Normally the renal capsule cannot be separated so easily and we can see it here and inside the kidney is quite Shrunken and atrophic. So this is what we see on the left side and if you were to look on the posterior aspect We can see Multiple honeycombed appearances of the kidney. So this looked like an end stage renal disease If we were to look on the right side, we see the same thing to an even more extreme degree Here we have completely removed all the fat and fascia and we can see that the kidney is completely atrophic And we can see this is that renal capsule. I was talking about it is thick It is white and it is easily separable from the kidney and we have separated it out from here And we can see the kidney is got multiple honeycombed appearance So this is the first abnormality that we noticed about both the side kidneys Now, let's take a look at the blood vessels of the kidney This is the inferior vena cava and this is the aorta. So we can see this vein coming out This is the renal vein and as we know the left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein The left renal vein is opening into the hyalum of the kidney and it is receiving this vein here This is the left supra renal vein. This is the left supra renal gland and it is also receiving these veins here These are the left testicular or the gunadal vein Accompanied this we have this vessel here. This is the left renal artery We can see that in this particular cadaver there are not one but two left renal arteries This is the one which I have picked up here. It is coming from the aorta We can see one here and we can see yet one more left renal artery and it is coming from here This is the other renal artery which is coming from the outer So therefore that two distinct renal arteries coming from the outer now We will shift our focus to the right side We can see that this is the right renal vein coming from the inferior vena cava It is coming from one origin and it is becoming two and here also we can see two Right renal arteries one of them is this one Coming from the aorta here and we can see yet another one Coming from the outer here further posteriorly. We can see on the left side the renal pelvis This is the renal pelvis and this is the ureter And on the right side, this is the renal pelvis and this is the ureter The rule of thumb to be remembered is when these structures are descending down There will be three structures going to the pelvis to the actual pelvis One is the ureter accompanied by the testicular or the guñadal vein and the testicular artery So we can see these three structures are entering towards the pelvis on the left side Now let's shift our focus to the right side again. We can see this is the ureter We can see this this is the right testicular vein opening into the inferior vena cava And this is the right testicular artery coming from the aorta So these three structures are going towards the pelvis Thank you very much for watching. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Sanyal, please like and subscribe If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day