 To the Erie's breeding program, you are here to see the Erie varieties. We start with IR-8 which has been a miracle rice. This is the first semi-dwarf variety released by Erie in 1966. This variety has unique characteristic. This variety is shot in stature. It is resistant to lodging. Unlike earlier traditional rice varieties, this variety has become one of the miracle rice. As a result of cultivation of this variety, the word rice production has doubled. And Erie used this material in the beginning to develop semi-dwarf high yielding variety. So this is the classical variety which was released by Erie. And later on we used this kind of semi-dwarf varieties which are very high yielding but we try to improve in our breeding program incorporate other characteristics like improved grain type. For example, if you see IR-22, this variety has long cylinder, medium cylinder grain which are preferred by the consumers in Asian countries. And subsequently we try to incorporate resistance to many diseases and insects. For example, if you go around here IR-26, this variety has gene spark, we incorporated the gene spark resistance to brown plant hopper. And later on subsequently we try to improve the varieties another characteristic. And one of the classical example is the variety called IR-36. If you see this IR-36 varieties, it has a very unique characteristic. It is early in maturity, short-end duration, its grain characteristics are, its grain quality is so preferred by the consumer. This variety is another example that it was grown on 11 million hectares of rice land and this is the first variety which has occupied so much area in rice as compared to historically any variety cultivated worldwide. And then we continue to improve other characteristic and you see here these are the other varieties like IR-42, 43 and 44. And another example is that you see these varieties like IR-45, IR-46. These varieties have improved grain quality and people prefer this kind of grain quality in Asia. And our breeding effort is always to incorporate resistance to diseases and insects and meet the grain quality characteristic because it's a continuous game to develop resistance to diseases and insects. And if we do not develop variety with good level of resistance to diseases and insects, the farmers will have to spend more money in developing and using agrochemicals and other insecticides. So to overcome this one, we always breed varieties which have strong level of resistance to diseases and insects. Similarly, if you see other variety like we continue to develop IR-54, IR-56, 58 and then one of the another very important variety is IR-64. This variety was released in 1989 and this variety is so much preferred in grain quality even after 20 years of release, this variety at present is occupying about 30 percent area in many countries like Vietnam in some parts of India and in Philippines. This is still very popular variety and the unique characteristic of this variety is this has the same semi-dwarfing gene which we used in the miracle variety that is IR-8. But this variety is having resistance to at least 6 to 7 diseases and insects and also tolerance to abiotic stresses which are very important component of our breeding efforts. And then we continue to incorporate different characteristic in these varieties incorporating resistance to diseases and you see here more recently we are trying to develop varieties which are high yielding and which fit into the cropping system. Up to 74, ERI was giving the numbers these varieties were named as IR but after IR-74 we are developing still many varieties but those varieties which are released by the Philippine Seed Board they are labeled under PSB and you see here the first variety was PSB-RC2 and subsequently we have been developing this kind of varieties to meet the requirements of the rice consumers and our main emphasis is these varieties which are being developed they are always developed in collaboration with our Norse partner because we have several Norse partner in Asia and Africa so the material is tested in different horsepowers in different countries and the one which is found useful that is released and one of the classical example of our breeding program is so far from this breeding efforts which we are making at IRI 644 varieties have been released in 77 countries and this is the result of our breeding efforts which we continue here in collaboration with our Norse partner and these 633 varieties have been released in 77 countries beside this we are most of the varieties which are cultivated in other parts of a different rice growing country at least one of the parent is contributed by the IRI germplasm so our continuous effort is to develop improved germplasm so that we are able to develop the material in such a way that which can meet the requirement of our consumer of the farmers or the resource poor farmers and now we are trying to improve the nutritional quality for which we have tried to incorporate genes for like beta carotene or golden rice similarly we are working on incorporating high iron content or zinc content because those are very important component for future work on the human health and this is one of the major thrust of IRI to develop improved varieties through breeding efforts and also to improve the disease and sector distance and with a particular focus on new T2 value of a variety which we say as second generation of improved new plant type and this variety is NSIC1 RC158 this was released in the Philippines in 2007 or 2008 and this variety is the first example how the original new plant type was used in breeding a new variety which is more like Indica type and this is the first variety which is high yielding after the semi-dwarf varieties and this is a classical example how new plant type varieties have been developed by making large number of intercrosses and this variety we see that it was released in 2008 and it's becoming quite popular in the Philippines and we are going to disseminate this material to other rice growing countries as well.