 Lesson 20 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recorded by Nicholas James Bridgewater. The Esperanto teacher. A simple course for Nungramarians by Helen Friar. Lesson 20. The words Have already been met with. They belong to a series whose use will best be seen from the following examples. Me admiras la roson, te afloro la play, placas al me. What kind of flower is the most beautiful? Any kind, and every kind of flower is beautiful. No kind is ugly. I admire the rose. That kind of flower pleases me the most. Why is he going? Will he go to Paris? I know not, for some reason he is going. But for every reason, on every account, it would be better to remain in London. He wishes to go, therefore, for that reason, he will go. When will you come to visit me? Whenever I come, whenever I have a free time. You always have a free time. I don't know. After tomorrow is a party. Whenever I come. When will you come to visit me? Sometimes I will come. When, at what time, I shall have a holiday. You always, at all times, have a holiday. I never, at no time. The day after tomorrow will be a festival, a general holiday. I will come then, at that time. Where is my hat? It must be somewhere. But I have looked for it everywhere, and nowhere can I find it. Ha! Now I see it there. How will you do this? I do not know. I have tried in every way to do it, but I have in no way, not at all, succeeded. John succeeded in some way, somehow. Perhaps he did it so, in such a way. Yes. Possession. Whose duty is this? Perhaps it is that one's, that person's. Doubtless it is somebody's. Everybody's duty is nobody's. I thing. What displeases you? Now nothing displeases me. All is well. Three days ago something greatly displeased me, but I'm not speaking about that now. I am quantity. How much money do you need? I have so much, that quantity. I can lend you some, but not all. If I were to lend you all, I myself should have none. I, denotes individuality, person, or thing specified. Who are you? Everyone who was invited was you, not anyone else. I, whom I remember, come with someone who visited you yesterday. It will be seen from these examples that the words beginning with k, ko, either ask questions or refer to some person or thing before mentioned. Those beginning with t, to, point to a definite time, place, etc. Those with c, with a circumflex, chore, signify each or every, and in a plural, all. Those without a letter prefixed are indefinite, meaning some or any, and those with nen, are negative, meaning no, none. The words ending in i, and those in iu, can take the plural yo, and accusative no. The words in i, take no, but the sense does not permit of their taking yo. The words in i, take the no, denoting direction. The word chi, signifying nearness, is used with the tall series. Words meaning that, to denote the one near, i.e. this, as d, or chi, this thing. ti, u, chi, this person, ti, ye, chi, or chi, ti, ye, here, etc. The word ein, ever, is used with the core series, to give a more inclusive and wider meaning. As ki, or ein, whatever, ki, u, ein, whoever, ki, am, ein, whenever, ki, om, ein, however much. Comparisons of equality are made with the words, ti, el, ki, el, as, vi, estas, ti, el, forta, ki, el, mi, you are as strong, as I. ti, kia, as, ti, domo, kia, ti, u, estas malofta, such a house, as that, is rare. sama, kia, as, mia bastono, estas, tia, sama, kia, la via. My stick is the same as yours. sama, kia, el, as, dia usado, estas, tia, sama, kia, el, en la aliai lingvoi. Its use is the same as in the other languages. vi, kia, am, la borrada, sal, ti, usa, ma, tse, lo, ki, el, mi. You are always working towards the same end as I. Any of the above series of words whose sense admits of it can be used as adjectives, adverbs, etc., and in combination with prefixes, suffixes, or other words, as qia, ma, continual, eternal. dia, of that place. qia, ma, is used for asking the time, as qia, ma, oro, estas. What time is it? correlative words quality kind of indefinite iya some kind any kind iya questioning relative kia what kind kia definite tia that kind such tia inclusive qia each kind every kind qia negative nenea no kind nenea motive reason purpose indefinite iyal for some reason for any reason iyal questioning relative kia for what reason why kia definite tia for that reason therefore tia inclusive qia for each reason for every reason qia negative nenea for no reason nenea time indefinite iya some time any time iya questioning relative kia at what time when kia definite tia at that time then tiam inclusive qiam each time every time always qiam negative nenea at no time never nenea place indefinite iya in some place somewhere anywhere iya questioning relative kia at what place where kia definite tia at that place there tia inclusive qia at each place at every place everywhere qia negative nenea at no place nowhere nenea manner indefinite iya in some way in any way somehow anyhow iya questioning relative kia in what way how as like kiel definite tiel in that way so tiel inclusive qiel in each way in every way qiel negative nenea in no way know how nenea possession indefinite iya someone anyone iya questioning relative kia what persons who's qies definite ties that ones ties inclusive qies each ones every ones qies negative nenea no ones nenea thing indefinite iya something anything iya questioning relative kia what thing what kia definite tiel that thing tiel inclusive qiel everything qie negative nenea nothing nenea quantity indefinite iya some of the quantity iya questioning relative kia what quantity how much qiyom definite tiyom that quantity so much tiyom inclusive qiyom every quantity all of the quantity qiyom negative nenea none of the quantity nenea kiyom individuality indefinite iya someone anyone iya questioning relative kia what person which thing who which kia definite tiyom that person that specified thing tiyom inclusive qiyom each person everyone qiyom qiyom means all all the negative nenea no one nobody nenea vocabulary uncro anchor uncro maniero manner way maniero reprocho reproach reprocho conscienzo conscience conscienzo probono proposal offer probono rondo edge rondo ship ship ship double doubt double demand question demand admire admire admire blach be pleasing blach suppose suppose suppose prove attempt try prove sukces succeed sukces berd lose berd merit deserve merit comprend understand comprend libera free libera certa certain sure certa utila useful utila fremda strange fremda necesa necessary necesa exter beyond outside exter iya lamaro estastille pliprofunda olpovasa tingi iya angro en iya maniero sen iya riprocio de concienzo miscias en kia loco mi certa lindrovos kia estas lavetero kian malbonon mi alvi faris tia maniere li faris cion li invitis linveni en tian kai tian loco ne cia biirdokantas exter cia dubo ne nia homo meritas tian bonon tia libroi estas malutila iya foie li visitis nin iyal iyal li ne povis dormi kia alvi ne respondas almi mi ne comprenis fien demandon tia almi ne respondis la homo i ne comprenas unu la alian kai tia al ilitenasin fremde cia al tio estas la plebona iya iya mi iya vinamis kio vivas ne cesa devas iya morti kiam vi furiros en la luna nocto kiam tio i dormis tiam shisidis sur la rando de la shippo estu por ciam benata shian tauen nia vidis hundon nai is dipler there than any anchor can reach in some way in any way without any reproach of conscience i know in what sort of place i shall certainly find him what kind of weather is it what harm have i done to you in that way he did everything he invited him to things. Beyond all doubt, no kind of man deserves such a punishment. Such books are harmful. At times he visits us. For some reason he could not sleep. Why do you not answer me? I did not understand your question, therefore I did not answer. People do not understand one another and therefore they hold themselves aloof. For every reason that is the best. I once loved you. What lives must of necessity sometime die? When shall you go away? In the moonlight night when all were asleep then she sat on the edge of the ship. Be forever blessed. She had never seen a dog before. Vocabulary 20a. Mono. Money. Mono. Monuio. Purse. Monuio. Yunezzo. Youth. Yunezzo. Reto. Net. Reto. Ideo. Idea. Ideo. Gaino. Gain. Gaino. Taug. Be fit. Suitable. Taug. Fart. Be fair as to health. Fart. Monto. Mountain. Monto. Ganto. Glove. Ganto. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Op sudden, subita, iie, kie estas la knaboi, kien vi iris, mi restas tieci, li perdis sian monujon iie en la urbo, sed kie li perdis cien, li nestias, mi volonte el tie venis tien ci, li perdis cien, kie si diru al li, de kie si venas, por la junetso, cien estas ras retoi, cien estas floroi, kien nie oni povas trovi pli belain, iie l, kie l beela, ciumitaugas kie l regio, tie l finisis la felice tago, i li brilis kie l diamantoi, kie l vi fartas, iie l imal comprendis min, mia ezzino pensis tie l same kie l mi, mi ne nie l povas compreni kion vi diras, tre estranga kaj ne niel comprenebla, mi elektis lin kie l presidanto, mi elektis lin kie l presidanton, iiez, kie s ganto tieu ci estas, mi ne nie malprenas tie s opinio, subite si eqaudis iies fortan malagrablan vochon, ciies ideo estas diversa, pona, amico, sen kie s helpo li ne nia meqvirusti un cilandon, iiez perdo ne estas ciam iies gaino, iiez perdo estas ofte ne nie s gaino. Where are the boys? Where did you go? I am staying here. He lost his purse somewhere in the town, but where he lost it he does not know. I willingly came from there here. He begged her to tell him when she came, when she comes. For youth there are snares everywhere. Everywhere are flowers, and nowhere can one find more beautiful ones. How beautiful! Am I fit for a king? So finished the happy day. They shone like diamonds. How are you? Somehow he misunderstood me. My wife thought the same as I. I cannot understand at all what you say. Very strange and quite incomprehensible. I as president elected him. I chose him as president. Whose love is this? I never take that one's opinion. Suddenly she heard somebody's loud, disagreeable voice. Everybody's idea is different. A good friend without whose help he would never have seen this land. Somebody's loss is not always somebody's gain. Somebody's loss is often no one's gain. Vocabulary 20b. Ornamo. Ornament. Ornamo. Pupilo. Pupil of I. Pupilo. Centimo. Centim. Centimo. Forto. Strength. Power. Forto. Strength. Power. Strength. Strength. Strength. Forto. Strength. Power. Forto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Gusto, taste, gusto, oculo, ay, oculo, chino, Chinese, chino, Decido, decision, decido, ced, give up, yield, seed, ced, for las, forsake, leave, for las, prudenta, reasonable, prudent, prudenta, firma, firm, stable, firma, sterling, sterling, contrao, against, opposite, contrao, bra, for, owing to, bra, hio, mi sentas qu'e llo o casas, ne mia mijon alvidonis, mi volas fare alvi ion bonan, kio tio ci estas, kia urnamo tio cerstas, kio on mi vidas, tyo ci estas I didn't have a seat for you, I didn't have anything to do with my mother, first of all I was faithful to you. She felt something that she couldn't even understand. I didn't have anything. She spoke something terrible. The pupils of the eyes, something after something, grew up. What is so prudent that they can believe it? What demon do you have? I don't have anything. Give me that water, what wine? Some, some wine, what is it? Do you have any courage to do that? All the pain without knowing what she could do. Language, in which she didn't understand anything. She didn't know anything about the drone. She didn't know anything helped even for a cent. We went all the way. I didn't know anything about that. That she was super all the people. I feel that something is happening. Never did I give you anything. I wish to do something good for you. What is this? What kind of ornament is this? What do I see? This is all I spoke of. I will give up nothing to you. Do nothing against your mother. Before all be faithful to yourself. She began to feel something such as she herself in the beginning could not understand. She spoke a little angrily. The pupils of the eyes little by little contracted. Who is so unreasonable or senseless that he can believe it? How much money have you? I have none. Give me as much water as wine. Somebody comes, who is it? Would anybody have the courage to do that? Everybody tried to save himself as he could. A language in which nobody will understand us. None of them could save the drowning person. He helped nobody ever, never helped anybody, even with one centime. We shall go all together. I know nobody in that town. This is beyond all human strength. Twenty-six. From where do I see myself? How? And why? I can only answer. I don't know. We asked him to wait for something with his car. Such Chinese often are bigger than the houses of the other people. He was forced to make a firm decision to leave for always such an ungrateful land. If anyone saw that, he would lose his fortune. I gave a hundred pounds of sterling. If Bovalango could have for me that good taste as for you, who will you be? I shall do it. What to exercise? Where I am travelling from, whether and why, I can only answer. I know not. They begged him to delay a little with his departure. These nests are often larger than the huts of the people of that place. He departed with a firm resolve to leave for ever this ungrateful land. If anyone were to see that, he would curse fortune. I would give a hundred pounds sterling, if ox tongue could have for me such a good taste as for you. What time is it? Nearly twelve o'clock. End of Lesson 20 Lesson 21 of The Esperanto Teacher This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org The Esperanto Teacher A simple course for non-grammarians by Helen Fryer, Lesson 21 The suffixes egg and et. The suffixes egg and et are opposites. Egg denotes a great size or degree, and et a small size or degree, of that which the word signifies, as domo, a house, domego, a mansion, dometo, a cottage, snuro, a cord, snurego, a rope, snureto, a string, monto, a mountain, montego, a huge mountain, monteto, a hill, ami, to love, amegi, to idolize, ameti, to have a liking for, Ridi, to laugh, Rideghi, to shout with laughter, to go for, Rideghi, to smile. Egg and et denote a greater or smaller size or degree than is expressed by very large or very small. The adjective ega means enormous, huge, and eta means tiny, vocabulary, arbaro, a wood, bruo, a noise, bruo, calesho, carriage, calesho, corto, coochard, corto, piedo, foot, piedo, teruro, terra, teruro, militistaro, ami, militistaro, serio, siris, serio, somero, sama, somero, campo, field, campo, piedego, po, piedego, forir, go away, forir, mur mur, murmur, mur mur, varma, womb, varma, densa, dense, densa. En varmega tago, mi amas promeni en arbaro. On a hot day, I like to walk in a wood. Con bruo, oni malfermes la pordegon, cae la calesho, enveturis en la corto. They open the gate noisily, and the carriage drove into the courtyard. Tio chi estas jam nes simpla pluvo, sed pluvego. This is no longer a simple rain, but a downpour. Grandega hundo metis surmencien antawan piedegon, cae mi de teruro nes siis kion fari. A huge dog put its forepour on me, and from terra I did not know what to do. Antawnia militistaro, staris granda serio dal pafilegoi. Before our armies stood a great series of cannon. En tio nocto blovis terura ventego. In that night a terrible gale blew. Con plesorego, with delight, li desireges denove foriri, he longed to go away again. Tui pos la heito, la forno estis varmega. Post unu horo, ji estis nur varma. Post two horoi, ji estis nur ium varmeta. Cae pos tri horoi, ji estis jam tute malvarma. Immediately after heating the stove was hot. In an hour it was only warm. In two hours it was only just warm, and after three hours it was already quite cold. I bought for the children a little table and some little seats. In our country there are no mountains, but only hills. In summer we find coolness in thick woods. He sits near the table and doses. A narrow path leads through this field to our house. On his face I saw a joyful smile. Before the woman appeared a pretty little dog. Pardon, he whispered. End of Lesson 21 Lesson 22 of The Esperanto Teacher This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians by Helen Fryer Lesson 22 The Suffix Il The suffix il denotes the instrument by means of which something is done, as razi to shave, razillo a razor, rigli to bolt, riglillo a bolt, butero butter, buterillo a churn, curazzi to treat as a doctor, curatzillo a medicine. Lesson 23 The Cabulary viando meat or flesh viando posho pocket posho corko cork the substance corko argento silva argento telero plate telero sano health sano butero butter butero hack chop or hue hack seg so seg fos dig fos kudr so kudr tond clip or shear tond comb comb stop stop up stop schlos lock schlos glit to glide or slide glit direct direct steer defect damage defect montre show montre pess to weigh something pess tear draw pull tear vetur drive in a vehicle vetur frosta frosty frosta magneta magnetic magneta per haquillo nihacas with or by means of an axe we chop per haquillo nihacas perseguillo nisegas with a saw we saw perseguillo nisegas perfosillo nifosas with a spade we dig perfosillo nifosas per kudrillo nico dras with a needle we saw per kudrillo nico dras per tondillo nitondas with scissors we clip per tondillo nitondas la tranquillo estis tiel malacra che mi ne povis tranci pergi la viandon ca mi devis usi mi an porcian tranquillo the knife was so blunt that i could not cut the meat with it and i had to use my pocket knife chuvihavas kuktyrillo nporma stopi la botellon have your corkscrew to uncork the bottle mi volis schlosi la porton sed mi pertis la schlosillo n i wish to unlock the door but i had lost the key she combas al silaharoyn per argenta cumbillo she combs her hair with a silver comb en somero niveturas per diversa vetorilloi ca in ventro per glit vetorillo in summer we travel by various vehicles and in winter by a sledge today it is beautiful frosty weather therefore i shall take my skates and go skating la directilisto de pinta defectis la directillo the steersman of the pinta injured the rudder la magneta montrillo the magnetic needle la unua montrillo en la playmultima sanoy estas la lango the first indicator in most illnesses is the tongue limetis gin sulla teleron de persillo he put it on the plate of a pair of scales and of lesson 22 lesson 23 of the esperanto teacher this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by Helen Fryer lesson 23 the suffixes an and est the suffix an signifies a member or an inhabitant of a country town etc or a member of a party society religion etc europeano a european londonano a londonur urbo a town or city urbano a citizen clubo a club clubano a member of a club ano a member est denotes the head of a state town society etc regno a state regnestro a ruler of a state urbestro the head of a town a mayor lernayo a school lernay estro the principal or headmaster of a school imperio an empire imperiestro an emperor vocabulary pariso paris pariso regno state regno imperio empire imperio polizio poliz polizio christ christ christ luterro luther luterro calvino calvin calvino germano german germano franzo frenchman franzo rossuio russia rossuio province province province religio religion religio regimento regimento regimento locomotivo engine locomotivo logio box at the opera or lodge for a freemason etc villagio village villagio oba to buy oba confess confess a vow acknowledge profess confess enir to enter enir rusa sharp o cunning rusa sufficia sufficient sufficia ordinara ordinary ordinara naiva simple naiva saja wise saja severe strict or severe severe just just righteous justa e galla equal e galla fiera proud fiera energia energetic energia la shippanoi devas obey la shippestron the sailors must obey the captain all the inhabitants of a state are citizens of the state urbanoi e stas ordinara e pli rusa e ol villagianoi townsfolk are usually sharper than villages the parisians are gay folk our town has good policemen but not as sufficiently energetic chief constable kvankam i li ne estas russoi germans and frenchmen who live in russia are russian subjects although they are not russians li estas nelerda kay naiva provizano he is an awkward and simple provincial la lojantoi de uno regno estas sam regnanoi la lojantoi de uno urbo estas samurbanoi la confesantoi de uno religio estas sam religianoi the inhabitants of one state are fellow countrymen the inhabitants of one town are fellow citizens the professors of one religion are co-religionists tiui kiui havas la samain ideoi estas samideanoi those who have the same ideas are fellow thinkers the ruler of our country is a good and wise king the governor of our province is strict but just a regimental chief colonel is like a good father to his soldiers i li estas egale fiera ki il domestrino prisia domo they are as proud as a housewife of her house on the engine the engine driver sat alone the emperor accompanied by the empress had just entered his box and of lesson 23 lesson 24 of the esperanto teacher this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by helen fryer lesson 24 suffixes are and air the suffix are signifies a collection of the persons or things named as arbo a tree arbaro a wood homo a human being homaro mankind militisto a soldier from militio war militistaro an army vorto a word vortaro a dictionary vortareto a vocabulary are a flock and are a company or troop air signifies a particle or one of things of which the name denotes a mass as graino corn granero a grain of corn polvo dust polvero a speck of dust pulvo gunpowder pulvero a grain of gunpowder halo hail heilero a hailstone neggio snow negero a snowflake koto mud cotero a speck of mud or dirt vocabulary pulvo gunpowder pulvo stupo step stare stupo tegmento roof tegmento herbo grass herbo bruto root beast head of cattle bruto lano wool lano persona person persona floreno florin floreno shillingo shilling shillingo pencil penny pencil glass or glass or tumbler glass or brando brandy brando tucco a cloth tucco telertuketo a soviet telertuketo snoro a cord snoro sablo sand sablo shafo a sheep shafo fire a fire fire met to put or set met pashed to feed or cause to feed to pasture pashed sec to follow sec bar obstruct bar battle battle fight battle explode explode explode brava brave brava cruta steep cruta hispana spanish hispana vast vast spacious vast pretzipe chiefly particularly pretzipe prescau almost prescau inter between among inter our country will conquer for our army is large and brave on a steep ladder he raised himself to the roof of the house i do not know the spanish language but by help of a spanish german dictionary i nevertheless understood your letter a little on these vast and grassy fields feed great herds of beasts especially flocks of fine world sheep la vagonaro consistis prescau nur el person vagonoy the train consisted almost entirely of passenger coaches on imetis and tell me manjilaron q consistis el telero culero tranquilo forco glasseto por brando glasob por vino cai telertuketo they put before me a cover table requisites which consisted of a plate spoon knife fork a small glass for brandy a glass for wine and a serviet on the sea was a great ship and among the rigging everywhere sat sailors his escort stood at the back of the box dark ranges of mountains by the way a grain of sand fell into my eye uno feirero esta sufecha por explodigi pulvo one spark is enough to explode gunpowder and of lesson 24 lesson 25 of the esperanto teacher this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by helen fryer lesson 25 the suffix ul the suffix ul denotes a person characterized by the quality etc which the word expresses as just righteous yostulo one who is just babili to chatter babilulo one who chatters a babla avara avaricious avarulo a miser con with conolo a companion vocabulary legend legend ombro shadow ombro righto right authority righto profeto profit profeto mensogo a lie mensogo tag manj to dine tag manj entrepren to undertake entrepren propra own propra avara avaricious avara potenza powerful potenza infecta infectious infecta che at or with che malricha saggulo tag manjis che avara richulo a poor wise man dined with a miserly rich man here's a liar and a despicable man timulo timas etch sian propran ombro a coward fears even his own shadow this old man has become quite silly and childish uno instruitulo entreprenis gravan stienzan laboron learned man undertook an important scientific work only saints have the right to enter here li solo estas la grandulo la potenzulo he only is the great the powerful it isn't the legend about the beautiful zanbaida post infecta malzano oni often bruliga slavesto in de la malzano lo after an infectious disease the clothes of the patient are often burnt la malveno della profeto staras super la capo de maldan culo the curse of the prophet is over the head of an ungrateful one post calcai minuto la cura giulo el iris after a few minutes the brave man went out all the saints help and of lesson 25 lesson 26 of the esperanto teacher this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by helen fryer lesson 26 the following words which have already been used in the previous lessons are always placed before nouns or pronouns to show the relation of position etc between the thing for which the noun stands and another thing or an action al to towards upward beside near by da of indefinite quantity de of from by l out of n in into within x dead outside jis until till as far as inter between among contrao against opposite kun in company with lau according to bear by means of with post after behind pre concerning about poor for for the sake of sen without super above or over sur on or upon tr through truns across on the other side yeah has no definite meaning these words are called prepositions which means placed before the other simple prepositions are and start out instead of until before chair at or with chirka about or around chrome besides except malgro not withstanding in spite of po at the rate of pro for as in a cause or owing to preter past beyond by spite in despite of sub under the prepositions and start out until all and poor are also used before infinitive verbs as and start out diddy instead of saying before speaking in order to learn in esperanto all the prepositions except yeah have a definite meaning and care must be taken to use the one which conveys the exact sense the same word cannot be used for with in the two sentences he went with his father and he cut it with a knife or for about in he spoke about his child and they stood about the stove in the first example with as in with his father is corn in company with and with a knife is per by means of the transition per tranquilo about in about his child is pre concerning the paroles pre si a infano but about in about the stove is chirka around it is star is chirka la forno when we cannot decide which is the correct preposition to use in any case we may use yeah the only preposition which has no special meaning of its own or the preposition may be left out altogether and n added to the noun or pronoun provided that no want of clearness ensues see lesson 27 as me read us pro lia naivetso or me read us yeah lia naivetso or me read us lia naivetso i laugh at his simplicity when we wish to express motion towards something and the preposition does not of itself express it n is added to the noun or pronoun as in the case of adverbs see or listen to lesson 12 lii astas en la dormo he is in the house but lii eras en la dormon he is going into the house note there are three cases in which the noun or pronoun takes n one when it is the direct object of the verb as me be distlin i saw him two to show direction as lii radius and la Giardenon, he went into the garden. Three, when the preposition is left out. This is usually done in the case of dates and expressions signifying duration of time, as Gheorghe Washington estes nascita la due d'et due de februaro de la yaro mil sepsant tridectu. George Washington was born the 22nd of February 1732. Virestos tieci la tutan vivon, dum la tuta vivo. You will remain here the whole of your life. All the prepositions whose meaning allows of it can be used as adjectives, adverbs etc. by adding the proper endings, as from antau, before we get antaua, former antaue, formally or previously, and antauen forward. Prepositions are also joined to other words and to prefixes or suffixes, as antaudiri, to fortale, apudmara urbo, a seaside town, senigi, to deprive of. Sometimes the preposition is both prefix to the verb and used after it before the noun, as li eliris el la domo cae eniris en la giardenon. He went out of the house and entered into the garden. End of Lesson 26. Lesson 27 of The Esperanto Teacher This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians by Helen Fryer. Lesson 27. Al Al signifies to or towards a person or place. It is also used before the noun or pronoun which signifies a person after such verbs as give, tell, etc., which take two objects in different relations to the verb, as give him or give to him the book, dono ali la Libron. Tell him or tell to him the truth, diru ali la veron. Write or write to him a letter, scribo ali letteron. In such cases we can say pardonulin, pardon him, if the thing or the object is not mentioned, but we cannot say pardonulin la culpon, forgive him his fault, it must be pardonuli la culpon. The pronoun with al is sometimes used instead of the possessive pronoun adjective mia, etc., as mi trancis al mi la fingron, for mi trancis mi an fingron, I cut my finger. She combis al si la haroin, instead of she combis si ain haroin, she combed her hair. Al is frequently used as a prefix as well as after the verb as al doni, to add, al preni, adopt, ali gi, to add, al new gi, to award. Vocabulary, sor chisto, sorcerer, sor chisto, detranche, cut off, detranche, promes, promes, promes, and bow, both and bow. She revenis al la palazzo de si a patro, she returned to her father's palace. Ili ambau iris al la urbestro, they both went to the mare. Tu mi ne faris al vi bonon? Did I not do you good? She ne nion al Ili racontis, she told them nothing, she scribis ali letteron, she wrote him a letter. Every day he teaches the people something which they do not know. Ili flugis al la suono, they flew towards the sun. One sister promised the other to tell her what she saw and what most pleased her the first day. Eble li al vi padonos, perhaps he will forgive you. She ne creris al siai propri oreloi, she did not believe her own ears. He did not know that he had to thank her for his life. She savis ali la vivon, she saved his life. The witch cut off the tongue of the mermaid. End of lesson 27, lesson 28 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording, all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher, a simple course for non-grammarians by Helen Fryer. Lesson 28, chair and upward. Chair indicates a certain place, time or point of thought, discourse, etc., as li estis ciemia patro, he was with my father or at my father's house. C'è la momento, at the moment, li estis c'è la porto, he was at the door, c'esti, to be present. Appod means close by or beside, it applies to place only, as la knabo staris apod la patro, the boy stood by or beside the father, vocabulary, fundo, bottom, fundo, braco, arm, braco, torcho, torch, torcho, serpento, serpent, serpento, statuo, statue, statuo, salico, willow, salico, hult, stop, halt, hult, ramp, creep, crawl, ramp, plant, to plant, plant, multicosta, precious, valuable, multicosta, au, au, either, or, au, au. Milogis c'è c'ia patro, I lived with her father. C'i falis sulla fundo de la maro c'è la rompigio de la shipo, it fell to the bottom of the sea on the breaking up of the ship, c'è l'humo de torchoi, by the light of torches, braco c'è braco, arm in arm, captis lin calcatimo c'è la penso, there seized him some fear at the thought, nénio helpas, oni devas nur curag'i resti c'è c'ia opinio, nothing helps, one must only bravely remain of one's own opinion. C'i ridis c'è l'ia racontado, she laughed at his recital. At every word which you speak, out of your mouth will come either a flower or a precious stone. Li haltis apud la porto, he stopped near the door. The serpent crawled about her feet. When he was with me he stood a whole hour by the window. Milogis en arbo apud via domo, I lived in a tree near your house. C'i plantis apud la statua rosa rujan salicon, she planted near the statue a rose red willow. La apud voye arboy, the wayside trees. End of lesson 28, lesson 29 of The Esperanto Teacher. This is a LibriVox recording, all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher, a simple course for non-Gramarians, by Helen Fryer, lesson 29. En. En means in inside, when however the letter en is added to the noun which it precedes, it means into, as c'i aviestas, mi estas en la domo, c'ien vi iras, mi iras en la giardenon. Where are you? I'm in the house. Where are you going? I'm going into the garden. Malamico venis en nian landon, an enemy came into our country. Vocabulary. Turn to turn, turn, divide, divide, divide. La birdo flugas en la ciambro, c'i estas en la ciambro, c'ai flugas en gi. The bird flies in the room. The bird is in the room, and it flies about in it. The bird flies into the room. It is outside the room, and now flies into it. Mi voyagas en hispanullo, I'm travelling in Spain. I'm travelling to Spain. What is there to do in such a case? I'm in good humour. He whispered to the queen in the air. I prefer to stay here in peace. Her birthday was exactly in the middle of winter. He glanced into the child's eyes. He was a tall, handsome man of the age of 40 years. In la dowro de mia tuta vivo, in the whole of my life, at the end of the year, mano in mano, hand in hand. En rinta en la vagonon, she cedis quasi sur pingloi. Entering the carriage, she sat as if on pins. Corn is ground into flour. Alexander turned into dust. He divided the apple into two parts. End of Lesson 29. Lesson 30 of The Esperanto Teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher. A simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Friar. Lesson 30. Inter, exter and el. Inter means between, among or amongst. It is largely used as a prefix, as interparoli, to converse. Internazia, international. Interconcento, agreement. Sin intermeti, to interfere. Exter means out of, outside, as exter tangero, out of danger. It is used as a prefix, as exter ordinara, extraordinary. El means out of. It applies, one, to place, signifying motion from, as mi aliris el ladomo. I went out of the house. Two, chosen from among, as uno el mia infanoi. One of, from among my children. Three, made out of, as in tiuchi stofo estas farita el lano. This cloth is made out of wool. El is used as a prefix, and means out, outright or thoroughly, as el foci, to dig out, el lerni, to learn thoroughly. Vocabulary. Occasion, ocaso, alfabeto, alphabet, alfabeto. Divide, to divide something. Divide, product, to produce. Product, interne, inside, interne. Inter, rosuio, cae franzuio, estas germanuio. Between Russia and France is Germany. Ili dividis intersi dectu pomoin. They divided among them 12 apples. Inter la deca, cae deconua, hora, matene. Between 10 and 11 o'clock in the morning. Inter la kolonoi staris marmorei figuroi. Between the pillars stood marble figures. Acud la muro inter la fenestroi staris canapo. Near the wall between the windows stood a sofa. Longe elli parolis intersi. They talk long among themselves. This disease an hour may decide between life and death. In la intertempo inter la paroloi, ani productas artain firon. In the interval between the speeches, they set off fireworks. I'm standing outside the house and he is inside. He is outside the door. Nun n'estas exter dangero. Now we are out of danger. He lives outside town. Standing outside he could only see the outer side of our house. Li montris exteren in la malumon. He pointed outside into the darkness. This man is better outwardly than within. Li eliris ella urbo. He went out of the town. He has just returned from foreign parts. With extraordinary vivacity she jumped out of the carriage. She put a crown of white lilies on her head. These nests are made wholly of earth. She was the bravest of all. Now you have grown up. He went out of the bedroom and entered the dining room. The Esperanto alphabet consists of 28 letters. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. The Esperanto teacher. A simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Fryer. Let's go. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. 31. Sur means on, upon, touching. He is sitting on the sofa. Followed by the accusative with an, it means on to, as Sit down on the sofa. Influi sur la carreteron means to have influence on the character. Super means over, above, not touching. Followed by the accusative, it shows motion over and above a thing, as He threw a stone over the wall. Sub means under, underneath. The dog lay under the table. With the accusative, sub shows motion to, and beneath, as The dog ran under the table. Vocabulary. Lito, bed, lito, fructo, fruit, fructo, genuo, nei, genuo, Musso, mouse, musso, music, music, Ponto, bridge, ponto, sofa, sofa, Suprajo, surface, suprajo, Sultro, shoulder, sultro, Balance, to swing something, balance. Frappe, to strike, to slap. Influ, to have influence on. Prem, to press, prem, nudge, swim, nudge. Nobla, noble, as in quality. Nobla, alta, high, alta. I'm sitting on a seat and have my feet on a little bench. He came back with a cat on his arm. I put my hand on the table. He fell on his knees. Do not go on the bridge. He threw himself in despair on a seat. He slapped him on the shoulder and pressed him down onto the sofa. I seated myself in the place of the absent stoker. Fruit culture must influence for good those who are occupied with it. Over the earth is air. His thoughts rose high above the clouds. She received permission to rise above the surface of the sea. They could rise on the high mountains high above the clouds. She stands above on the mountain and looks down onto the field. She sat on the water and swung up and down. From under the sofa the mouse ran under the bed, and now it runs about under the bed. She often had to dive under the water. To the sound of music they danced on the deck. Under her gaze blossomed the white lilies. She sank under the water. She swam up at sunset. End of lesson 31, section 33 that is lesson 32 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher, a simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Fryer. Lesson 32, Tra trans and preter. Tra means through as Tra la trua through the whole, Tra la mondo through the world. Trans means at the other side, across, as in li logis trans la rivaero. He lives on the other side of the river. With the accusative it means to the other side, as li nagis trans la rivaeron. He swam to the other side of or across the river. Preter means past, by or beyond. It conveys the idea of coming up from behind and passing on in front. As mi passis preter via frato, or mi preter passis via frato. I passed your brother. The difference between Tra, trans and preter is clearly shown by the sentence Tra passinte la arbaron li preter passis la pregeon, Cae tiam trans passis la rivaeron per la ponta. Having passed through the wood, he passed by the church and then passed over the river by the bridge. Vocabulary. Swallow, hirundo, tunelo, tunnel, tunelo, oziano, ocean, oziano. Momento, moment, momento, abato, abit, abato. Penet, penetrate, penet, bol, boil, bol, turn, turn, a thing or oneself, turn. Largia, wide or broad, largia. Sentences. He is so stout that he cannot go through our narrow door. She looked up through the dark blue water. Tra la pallorugia aero lumis la stelo de la vespero. Through the rosy air shone the evening star. The sound of the bells penetrates down to her. They glide among the branches. Sur la cameno, interdupotoy, staras feira caldrono. El la caldrono, en qiu sin trovas o trovillas, volanta aquo, el iras vaporo, tra la fenestro qiu sin trovas o trovillas, apud la pordo, la vaporo iras sur la corto. On the fireplace between two pots stands an iron kettle. Out of the kettle, in which is boiling water, goes steam. Through the window, which is near the door, the vapor goes out into the court. La hirundo flugis trans la riveron, char trans la rivero sin trovas o trovillas alia hirundoi. The swallow flew across the river, for across, on the other side of, the river were other swallows. I li povas flugui sur shipoi trans la maron. They can fly on ships across the sea. Why did Hannibal go across the Alps? Because then, the tunnel was not yet ready. Estas ne eble che ili estu transirinta trans la ozianon, it is impossible that they should have gone across the ocean. Cio transturnigis la fundosupre. Everything was turned upside down. Ne passis pretela stazio. We passed by the station. At this moment, the abbot passes by. In passing, I asked him if it were yet twelve o'clock. The meal cannot grind with water that is passed. End of Lesson 32, Section 34, that is Lesson 33 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher. The simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Fryer, Lesson 33. Antao and post. Antao, in relation to time, means before. Nirevenos Antao Mardo. We shall return before Tuesday. In relation to place, it means in front of. Antauladomo Before the house. Before verbs, Antaul is used as lavovin Antaul manji. Wash yourself before eating. Post, in relation to time, means after. In relation to place, it means behind. Care must be taken in using Antao and post to arrange the sentence so that there can be no doubt as to whether time or place is referred to. He came before his father, in place or position, i.e. in front of his father, is Livenis Antao Sia Patro. But if before in time is meant, it must be Livenis Antaul Liapatro or Livenis Antaul Liapatro Venis. Livenis Post Sia Patro means he came behind his father. If we mean after his father came, we may use and say Livenis Post Sia Patro Venis. To express time past or ago, Antao is used as Antaul tri tagoi, three days ago. Antao longe, a long time ago. Antao ne longe, not long ago. To express in a time to come, post is used as I will come in three days. Mi venos post tri tagoi. Post ne longe, in a short time. Vocabulary. Pregeio, church, place of prayer. Pregeio. Ordo, ordo, ordo. Riccizzo, wealth. Riccizzo. Pascio, step. Pascio. Padgio, page. Padgio. Vec, to awaken, I awaken someone. Vec. Bala, sweep. Bala. Raoca, post. Raoca. Avida, iga, gridi. Avida. Ofte, often, often. Publique, publicly. Publique. Sentences. Antauli staris pregeio, before them stood a church. Antao tiui homoi estas indeparoli. Before such men, it is worthwhile to speak. Ofte, in la nocto, si staris antaula fenestro. Often in the night, she stood before the window. Mi estas peca, antauli. I'm guilty before you. Antao unuhoro, an hour ago. Antao ma longe li vechidis tre Raoca. A short time ago, he woke up very hoarse. Antao ne longe oni vendis la domon publique. Not long ago, the house was sold publicly. Ne iru, antauli vistias che cio estas in ordo. Do not go before you know that everything is in order. Mi devos la sialin el bala la ciambron, antauli ni commenzos danzi. I must let them sweep out the room before we begin to dance. Mi estis tie in la antaua yaro. I was there the previous year. Antao e mi ne nian pensis priricetso. Formally, I never thought about wealth. It was with her as the witch prophesied. Li restis post la pordo. She remained behind the door. Iom post Iom, little by little. She commencis avide legi pagion post pagio. She began eagerly to read page after page. She looked after him with a smile. Post calcai minutoi le vidis lasuno. After some minutes, the sun rose. She jetis siain bracoin posten cai antauin. She threw her arms backwards and forwards. Ni restos calcain semainuin en palizo. We shall stay some weeks in Paris. Afterwards, we shall travel into Germany. And of lesson 33 of the Esperanto teacher. Section 35, that is lesson 34 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher, a simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Friar. Lesson 34, dum, jis, and circau. Dum means during as dum mia tuta vivo during my whole life. It is not much used as a preposition. That is, before a noun. En la dauro de, being better, as in. In the duration of my whole life. Or the preposition is omitted altogether, as la tuta antagon mi laboradis. I used to work all day long. Dum, meaning while or whilst, is often used at the beginning of a sentence. Dum, means meanwhile or in the meantime. Jis, means till, until, up to, as far as. Circau means about or around, somewhere near or more or less. They played around the tree. Circau mayo niforiros. About May, we shall go away. Vocabulary. Concerto, concert, concerto. Flanco, side, flanco. Sorto, fate, sorto. Radio, rei, radio. Cupolo, cupula, dome, cupolo. Rublo, rubo, rublo. Etagio, story of a building. Etagio. Doloro, pain, ache. Doloro, vitro, glass, the material. Vitro. Globo, globe, globo. Collect, to collect, collect. Prepar. To prepare. Prepar. Pes. To weigh something. Pes. Exist. Exist. Exist. Peré. Perish. Peré. Proxime. Neto. Proxime. Sentences. Dum la tuta tago ou la tuta tago li restis sola. During the whole day, or simply the whole day, he remained alone. Dum ou en la dauro de calcai monatoi, si ne eliradis el siya chambero. During, or for, some months, she did not leave her room. He slept during the whole concert, or for the whole concert. While the preparations lasted, he was a guest of the king. While he is journeying on the road to Grenada, in Santa Fe, his fate is being decided. They used to work until late at night. The plate of the scales sank to the ground. Its rays crept up to the dome. Pronto al mi decrubloin, jis morgal? Lend me ten rubles, until tomorrow. He worked on from early morning till late at night. He will fight to the very end. We kept going up, always higher and higher, to the fourth story. It will exist until the world shall perish. The king came about midday into the village of Reading. About morning, the guile ended. About ten meters will be sufficient. One can look very far round about. Great mountains of ice floated around. He looked around on all sides.