 গাগুংায�istorযারবিফবসযাযুব,যুࠇগাযু঎ফবসযাযুࠇমবসগূযাযুরযাযাযুএরবসযরআ বষযাযুরওনবসরপিযুরপিযাযুররপিযুব বরকিরবসযাযরসরযররবর . . . when pin junction diode is in power bias condition, it conducts, it behaves like short circuit from anode to cathode and carries current only in one direction from anode to cathode and acts as on switch. When pin junction diode is in reverse bias condition, it does not conduct, it carries no current, it behaves like open circuit from anode to cathode, it operates as off switch. now let us start with the definition of rectifier circuit. rectifier circuit is an electronic circuit which converts input AC power into output DC power. input AC current and voltage are converted into output DC voltage and current. the basic application of rectifier circuit it is mainly used in DC power supply. now basically rectifier circuits are classified as half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier. again full wave rectifier are classified as full wave rectifier with center tap transformer and full wave bridge rectifier. generally half wave rectifier consist of simple transformer, a single diode resistor are. generally rectifiers are operated from transformer with AC mains supply. basically there are two types of transformer. step up transformer and step down transformer. step up transformer is used in high voltage DC power supply rectifier circuits and step down transformer is used in low voltage DC power supply rectifier circuits. half wave rectifier consist of simple rectifier, a simple transformer, a single diode and load resistor are. half wave rectifier conducts in alternate half cycles of input AC voltage signal from secondary transformer. so load current flows in alternate half cycles of input AC voltage signal. as current flows only in one direction it is a DC current and voltage developed across R is an output DC voltage. so output DC voltage and current is not pure DC it is in terms of sinus order pulses. so the figure is shown so the equivalent circuit for half wave rectifier with ideal diode voltage drop across conducting diode and forward resistance of diode. now let us go for the second type of rectifier circuit that is full wave rectifier with center tap transformer. so full wave rectifier with center tap transformer consist of transformer transformer with secondary winding center tap to diode diode D1 and D2 and load resistor R. this full wave rectifier conducts in both the half cycles of input AC voltage signal from secondary of transformer. the transformer is with center tap secondary the secondary AC voltage is split into two equal parts. the point the full wave rectifier with center tap transformer consist of center tap transformer two diodes diode D1 and D2 and load resistor R. transformer with center tap secondary secondary voltage is split into two equal parts. each part drives each diode. now consider positive half cycle of input AC voltage signal. the point A is at positive potential with respect to point B. so diode D1 is part biased and at the same time diode D2 is reverse biased. so diode D1 conducts the current flows through upper half part of secondary through diode D1 through load resistor R and returns to the center point of secondary of transformer. in the next consecutive negative half cycle of input AC voltage signal the point B is at positive potential with respect to point A. so this time diode D1 is reverse biased and diode D2 is part biased. so diode D2 conducts the current flows through lower half part of secondary through diode D2 through load resistor R and finally current returns to center tap of transformer. so in both positive and negative half cycles of input AC voltage signal the current flows in the same direction in only one direction through load resistor R. so it is a DC current and the voltage developed across R is a DC voltage. now the second type of full wave rectifier is known as bridge rectifier. the bridge rectifier consists of a simple transformer. a four diodes connected as electrical bridge and load resistor R. the main advantage of bridge rectifier is that it does not require a transformer with center tap secondary. it requires simple transformer. the transformer with center tap secondary is relatively costly. consider positive half cycle of input AC voltage signal the point is at positive potential with respect to point B. so diode D1 and D2 are part biased and diode D3 and D4 are reverse biased. so current flows through diode D1 through load resistor R and through diode D2 and returns to secondary of transformer. again in the next consecutive negative half cycle of input AC voltage signal the point is at negative potential with respect to point B. so point B is at positive potential. so diode D3 and D4 are part biased and diode D1 and D2 are reverse biased. so current flows through secondary of transformer through diode D3 through load resistor R through diode D4 and returns to secondary of transformer. so in both half cycle of input AC voltage signal the current flowing in the same direction through load resistor R. so the voltage appearing across R is a DC voltage and current flowing through R is a DC current. so in this way the input AC voltage signal is corrupted into output DC voltage signal. the rectifier conducts for both half cycle of input AC voltage signal. these are the references. thank you.