 लंप्शाम तैकश नागर हम आज्गें करेई के, हमारा जो प्रडुचर है देओड प्रडुचर एज आप्टेँग आदर निपर्फ्ट्टीख नागर और अगर में यहांपे एक इजमपल लेलूँँ अभाउट आं मिल्क पौशेसर, मेरी आजम्ष्शन क्या आई, that milk processor is operating under imperfectly competitive market. चल में अपको मजीद आब कहलें एक extreme situation में लेजाते हूतों के that milk processor is operating under monopoly. जब अब monopoly में अपरेट करेगा, to case profit can be reduced by imposing lump sum taxes. आम्सम तेख्सें, वो आम्सम तेख्सें किस फाँ में हो सकतें, किट माईद भी पोस्सिबल के, to carry out the activity of the milk processing, it requires a license fee. जब यह लेसन्स पी रेकवर होगी तो क्या होगा, because of that fixed tax, it results in increase in average total cost of the monopolist. अप्टवर लेक्व्म, क्योगा आप के पास्स लेसन्स पी अगर देश अख्छ्छ्छ्छित्ट, so it has no impact on the marginal cost part of the monopolist. वग्जाerem framework of Pattachartyarya वेखच मेंर्नॉप्ली बोचन्तबने रंजकर Planning बोचन्तबने जै मीविप्हाद ढ़ी च சकलाईगokuj of the output that monopolist should produce. And this QM level of output against monopolist will charge a price that is noted with PM. And here the cost to produce QM level of output, that QM level is average cost curve AC1 intersects with point C. So, average cost to produce QM level of output is equal to A. OA denotes the average cost to produce QM level of output per unit cost to produce QM level of output. And the profit here is that the rectangle that I have, PM BCA denotes the profit of the firm that operates under monopoly. But if the government imposes lump sum tax here on the monopolist, then it will shift the average cost curve upward. AC1 and AC2 are moved because of the imposition of lump sum tax. And because of this imposition of lump sum tax per unit cost, now this output level QM, 8 intersect average cost curve 2 at point T. Per unit cost here is to produce QM level of output. After imposition of lump sum tax, per unit cost to produce output is equal to OE. In new market situation, profit margins of monopolist, PM BTE denotes. And by looking at the profit margin, we have observed that because of imposition of lump sum tax, there is decrease in the profits of the monopolist. There is no change in the optimal level of the output that is produced by the monopolist. But where is the change? There is only decrease in the profit that is earned by the monopolist. Now if I summarize all this, what is the impact of lump sum tax on monopoly? When a producer acts as a monopoly, imposition of lump sum tax results in increase in its average cost. When there is increase in average cost, difference between price and average cost decreases. Or here to difference between price and average cost, this difference denotes profit. When this difference decreases, it indicates there is decrease in profit. So impact of lump sum tax on the monopoly results in increase in average cost, decrease in profits.