 Good day everybody. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Professor Department Chair. The first part of this video is going to be demonstration of the small intestine. The structure that you see held up in front of you, these are the loops of the small intestine. The small intestine consists of the G-genome, Proxima-2-5 and the Alium, the terminal 3-5. Even though the small intestine is about 6 to 7 meters long, the line of attachment of the mason tree is only 45 centimeters and it extends the way my fingers are located. It extends below at the level of the upper end of the right sacroiliac joint and above at the tip of the L2 transverse process. So, this is the attachment of the mason tree of the small intestine. So, therefore, which from such a narrow attachment 6 to 7 meters of small intestine are highly coiled inside. We know that the G-genome since is the proximal portion, it occupies the left upper quadrant of the abdomen while the Alium occupies the right lower quadrant and also the lower portion of the abdomen. Now, let's take a quick look at what the key salient features of the G-genome versus the salient features of the Alium. Now, if you were to take a look at the G-genome, we notice that the G-genome is thick, fleshy and highly vascular. That is the structure of the small intestine itself. Then, if you were to take a look at the B-centry of the G-genome and especially if you were to hold it up against the light, we notice that the fat content of the mason tree is relatively less. There are small vascular arcades which are just very few in number and the straight vessels which are referred to as the vasarecta, they are long and they go and supply the G-genome. Now, we will open up a section of the G-genome and we notice that the G-genome mucosa is thrown into multiple folds and these are known as the circular folds or the pli-case circularus also known in clinical terminology as valvule conventis. So, these are the features that we see of the G-genome. That is the reason when we do a very big follow-through of the G-genome, we see this feathery appearance of the G-genome mucosa which is referred to as the valvule conventis. Now, let's take a look at the loop of ilium. Straight away, we see that the ilium is thinner, it is more pale, so it is relatively avascular. In this context, I can mention one important clinical correlation. Whenever we do any ilial surgery, like for example, resection and astromosis, chances of ischemic necrosis are more common in the ilium because of its lower vascularity and therefore, we have to be more careful. Let us come to the mis-entry of the ilium. We can straight away see that the ilial mis-entry is much more fatty and not only that, it is densely covered with fat, we cannot even see the blood vessels and the fat is even encroaching onto the ilium, which was not the case of the G-genome. And if we were to hold it up to the light, we notice that there are multiple loops of vascular arcades. So, there are at least three or four generations of vascular arcades and they go right up to the margin of the intestine. And after that, the vasarecta are much smaller because they have to travel a shorter distance to the mis-entry side of the ilium. So, that is a considerable difference from the G-genome. And now, we will open up a segment of the ilium. We notice folds of the mucosa are very few in number and they are much thinner. And as we go further distally, we will find that in certain places, mucosal folds will almost disappear and they will become almost structureless. And just for the sake of comparison, we have held the G-genome opened out and the ilium opened out side by side and you can see the comparison. The mucosal folds are much dense and very large and the mucosal folds are very small, thin and almost non-existent in the ilium. So, this is one difference. Now, we will show the comparison of the mis-entry by holding it up here and by holding it up here. And we can see again that the mis-entry is less fat, very dense fatty. Fat is encroaching, fat is not encroaching. Blood vessels are easily visible, not visible. Vascular arcades are few and the vasarecta are long in the G-genome. Vascular arcades are many and the vasarecta are small. And finally, the intestine itself, we can see that it is very thick red in the case of G-genome while in the case of ilium, it is thin and pale. So, these are essential differences between the G-genome and the ilium. And finally, before I conclude, this is the iliocecal junction. The interior of the iliocecal junction, I shall demonstrate when I open the cecum in the large intestine. So, thank you very much for watching, ladies and gentlemen. If you have any questions or comments, put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day. Dr. Sanja Sanyal signing out. Make sure you like this video.