 I am here to introduce our next panel on 3D printing and social impact. And this is a very special panel today because these folks are actually sponsors of the event. So they sponsor the food that you are eating right now. So we'd really love to thank Enable Community Foundation and Enable International Haiti. And they are going to do a presentation right now about their work and the potential for social impact in the states. So I will turn it over to Grace Mastali. Thanks so much. That means you have to save some sandwiches for us. I'm Grace Mastali. I have the pleasure and the honor of being the CEO of the Enable Community Foundation, which you will soon learn a great deal more about from the co-founder of the Enable Community Foundation, John Scholl, who is also a research scientist at Rochester Institute of Technology. And perhaps most importantly, the creator and founder of the Enable Community, which he started, and I'm sure you'll tell him how, as a Google Plus community. The Enable Community, and you may know from the earlier panels, is probably the pointy part of the sphere of the emerging movement of makers. I'm sorry, I'm getting too far away from this, both in the US and in the developing world. Also on our panel is Eleanor Meeks, who is the co-founder of Enable International Haiti. Together there's a theme here. Enable International Haiti, as well as a writer, film producer and doer of social services, both in the US and now in Haiti. On Eleanor's right is Beau, who just emailed me his bio. And Beau is an aerospace engineer who I'm about to tell you about. And once I find the email he just sent me, Beau Holland, he's an aerospace engineer with ten years experience in structures, design, and you'll hear throughout this how important the design element is to all things 3D printed. He's worked with many government contractors. Darkbuck, one of my favorite defense agencies. And he currently, and most importantly, runs a composite materials fabrication business, which is... pronounce it? Pronounce Theta Composites. Theta Composites. But he's here today representing one of the premier international maker organizations. Another leader in this emerging field. Tom, Chikon alum makers global. So, since we're running a few minutes late, I'm not going to frame at this point what I expect you to hear from the three panelists. I will take my shots during the Q&A that I hope you've been allowed time for. Dr. Shaw. That's really right. I think there is an emerging movement here. And I think we've sort of caught the wave of it. And Enable describes itself as a global network of passionate volunteers using 3D printing to give the world a helping hand. And metaphorically, I think all of the organizations here are a part of this, and it goes actually way beyond 3D printing. But this all started for me when I saw a YouTube video in which a South African carpenter pictured here mentioned that he had lost his fingers in a shop accident and had found his way through the internet to a puppet maker in Washington state who bizarrely had published a YouTube video of a device that he had made, a removing prop, and the two had collaborated over the course of a year to develop a simple mechanical body-powered device, which they first prototyped mechanically, then they 3D printed, and then they realized it could be useful. That's what the YouTube video said. And I took inspiration from the comments of this YouTube video. I may be the only person who has taken inspiration from the comments of the YouTube video. And I posted a note saying, if you have a printer and you want to help put yourself on this funny map I made, and if you know someone who needs a hand, put yourself on this map. And that night there were seven pins on the map, and 90 days later there were 70 pins on the map, and people started calling me saying, okay, now what do we do? And I didn't know, so I created a Google Plus community, and it has been growing by about one to five percent a week. So this week we have 8,300 volunteers, and next week we're going to have 8,400 volunteers. And as I say, it has become a movement, and that original primitive hand has now mutated and evolved to produce a number of these devices that you see here. They all have the same basic operating principle. Grace will show that when you bend the elbow it makes a fist, and I will show that when you bend the wrist it makes a fist. And these are created now these days by grown-ups and children all over the world with 3D printers. And I'm going to let you pass this around and just see that it works, because when you bend the wrist these little strings, the fishing line causes the fingers to bend. When I give one of these devices to a kid these days, and this little episode has happened not for me, a few thousand times so far, I like to say, remember with great hands comes great responsibility. If it's a child I'll go on to say, now in about six months to a year you're going to outgrow this device, and we may not give you a new one. But you're likely to have access to a 3D printer, and I want you to start making better hands for yourself and for other kids. And these kids believe it, and because they believe it, I believe it. And this kid on the left who is not a kid, I'll grant you, he got a hand from us, as you can see, and within weeks Stephen Davis of England was making arms for other kids. And a few months ago he published his own elbow actuated arm, a sample of which are right there. And so this thing is spreading, and it's spreading in a really interesting way. You'll notice kids don't look like conventional prosthetics, and that's because our marketing director, who received one of these hands two Christmases ago, was caught smiling and saying, I got a new iron man. And our community within weeks was producing iron man hands and Wolverine hands and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle hands, and it got sort of out of hand. But the superhero, the superheros turned out to be a really powerful one, at least for kids in the West. But the superheros are also the kids who are making these devices. I really enjoy the education panel recently. There are now 200 schools we can identify around the country that are using this as a project-based learning activity for children in schools. They're making them for classmates, they're making them for kids, and adults they don't even know. In some cases they've made them for their principal and their school superintendent. And if you look at the girls in this particular classroom who did it, you can see that they're learning trigonometry, they're learning a little bit of mechanics and a little bit of 3D design. But if you look at their faces, you can see they're also learning what this is really built for. And by the way, that would have been my comment on the educational seminar, is that part of the reason this really works is that it's no longer just about learning, it's about doing and making and helping. And that is hugely motivating for the kids, and it's happening all over the place. And as it happens, some kid or adult gets one of these hands from this strange community on the internet, and the newspaper picks up the story and the story spreads, and more people say, I know some of you could use a hand like this, and even more people say, I would really like to be a part of this. And so we're now all over the world. It's happening in schools, it's happening in Boy Scout troops, it's happening at Fab Labs and Makerspaces, and it's become something of a movement that does not have a name yet, although this week my favorite phrase is the connected humanitarian movement. And as we go global, by the way, we're discovering some interesting challenges, some of which we learned most clearly from the Haiti project we're going to hear about in a minute. In particular, that these superhero hands, which are such a big hit here, are not actually what they're looking for in many more conservative and developing countries. They want devices that look more natural. And indeed, you can say we're making progress. This also is a 3D printed hand, and this is an early perception of a 3D printed skin-toned hand, and we're getting there, but we'll really get there when this kid in Africa begins designing and learning and making and sharing solutions. Which is sort of where we're at. That's sort of an overview of where we came from and where we're going. And one of our pilots was, in fact, the Enable Haiti project, about which you will soon hear more. Thank you. I'm from Founder. I'm just going to jump in. We started as a team of volunteers, all Enable compatriots are volunteers. We set out to explore how Enable devices and its approach might be adapted to the developing world, in particular in Haiti, where even before the earthquake, access to health care was and remains very difficult. We got a grant from the Genesis Generation Challenge. We were one of nine winning teams. And actually, although the projects are not specifically at all required to have a connection to Judaism, the foundation that gave us the grant does have some very interesting connections, and it was given by Mayor Bloomberg. And the Ticuno-Long theme, of course, is very interesting in that regard. I don't know if those are going to talk about that. I'm just wondering if anybody here came from any of the local D.C. Jewish groups. Okay, anyway, that's how we started. We quickly learned about some distinctive characteristics of health care in Haiti, which you can see here. And I'm sure these are true in other places. I think they're on the extreme, and even in developing world countries. Lack of centralization, difficult communication, the transport system has got a lot of obstacles and so on. So we began to explore how we might develop productive partnerships. And as we were trying to identify the best makerspaces originally and in clinics, we were also learning, as John indicated, not only that the superhero theme did not have a lot of resonance in Haiti, but people really were not looking for hands. They were looking for arms. There were a lot of amputations. Not all really did to the earthquake. And not only did they want arms, but they cared almost less about the functionality than about what's called in this area, cosmesis, or how it looked, whether it would fill a sleeve so that they were less noticeable in public. There's a lot of stigma against the handicapped. So these were some of the things we were exploring. This is in Jeremy Haiti. This is Dante, our fearless leader of the team. Working with one of our partners, we had an event in a local church. In the other picture, the woman in pink is Dr. Catherine Wolf, who lives in Haiti and started a clinic with a Haitian nurse. And she's a public health, very interesting public health advocate and designs a lot of interesting projects. So John mentioned some of the arm advances that we are trying to implement. And what our focus became was an initiative to train the next generation of Haitian prosthetists and prosthetic texts. So on the far right, the graduates there came out of a USA program and handicapped international program and became prosthetic texts. Nicely qualified with very few job opportunities. So we are coming in and teaching a course in June to that cohort to get them 3D printing skills. We'll leave equipment behind and we will try to keep them going with our various partners. There's Dr. Wolf again, Shirley. There's Pascal, the prosthetist at our partner clinic in Port-au-Prince. And below there is a group that represents another new partnership we have with the Victoria Hand Project, which has been doing some 3D printing of prosthetics in Guatemala and they call and they have their own really interesting designs. So we're very excited about that partnership. And again, these are the names of them. The clinic is Healing Hands for Haiti. There's the clinic in Jeremy's Friends for Health, Victoria Hand Project. That's the facility in Jeremy, excuse me. And this is just a little farewell look of what some of this building can be. Is it going to come on this one? It seems like a scape, I don't know. They start to dance. I don't know if I can follow those dance moves, but I'll try. My name is Beau. I'm here to talk about kind of the other side of the coin of this operation. Before I get into technical lingo and such, what I want to say is that I helped run a makerspace out in Reston called Nova Labs. It's a great place. There's a lot of great makerspaces out there doing great things. They range from commercial enterprises to local library makerspaces in schools, in workplaces and also in community centers, which is very much what ours is like. And the concept I want you to think about here when I'm explaining this thing called Tom. Think of it like Ted Talk, but it's a Tom Make-A-Thon. And it's kind of trying to capture and bottle that spark that John spoke about in the very beginning of his presentation, which was before the Enable program was able to do all the great things that it's doing, there was that moment where a puppeteer came in contact with a carpenter who lost his fingers. Right? So how do you capture that? How do you manufacture that blend of technology and need case? And that's what Tom is. And so I'm going to show you a video on that. No, that's the last one. I have objects and then move them. Right now I'm doing that with my teeth. So when I heard about this weekend, I just thought, oh my God, this is what I have been thinking about for years. Getting people like myself to meet doors and sitting down with professionals, putting our ideas together, and making things that will actually help people. Not just with the intent of helping people, but like really helping people. Oh, there we go! I might as well just leave that screen up here while I'm talking. Okay, great. So I'll try and do this just a few minutes, but I want to give you the basics here. So Tom stands for Takoon Alone Makers. It's a concept that originally came out of an Israeli start-up. They wanted to do this thing called Takoon Alone, meaning to repair the world, to fix problems. And what they were doing is exactly what John was talking about. It's how do you bring people together, people who really understand a demand, a need-knower, in this case, someone with a disability, or who works every day with a disability, and a maker, somebody who can create kind of a grassroots solution. And the reason we needed this is because there was a gap in the free market economy, in which if there was a very customized need that wasn't a high-value product, or if there was something that wasn't a very large market space, then commercial markets don't really want to invest in developing those solutions, marketing and distributing, if there really aren't that many use cases. Imagine if you will a size 37 shoe, right? There's not a lot of market for that. And if you need a size 37 shoe, you're in a difficult spot in your life, especially if you don't have a lot of money. So we would start by recruiting people who had special needs from organizations like American Civil Palsy, ALS, and then we would get sponsors like Google.org who wanted to help make all this a reality. And then we would bring them together with makers at a local makers space. And it was a very community organization. It was very local people helping each other, working together. It's a 72-hour event. We're throwing the first one that's ever been taking place in the D.C. area on July 22. Please grab a flyer if you are interested in learning more, whether to be a sponsor, a maker, or if you have somebody in your life that you want to participate as an e-knoer. And so that's what we're doing. That's the whole goal of this kind of movement is to create more content so that groups like Enable can have more pins on map. So green pins are for hands and blue pins are for feet and yellow pins are for people that want cup holders that don't spill when they walk with their crutches and all kinds of things that really help people live their lives. And I talked about some of the quaint ones, the ones that we can all identify with. But I think he also mentioned some of these are more than just enabling. Some of them are about giving people their independence. It's about giving people back their dignity. And I'll tell that quick story about the woman you saw there. She was very comfortable living her life. She'd grown up without arms her whole life. And so she had picked things up with her teeth and it wasn't a big deal for her. But she noticed that when she went out places and she used her teeth people would look at her weird. Which she was comfortable with but it made people she was with uncomfortable. And she wanted to feel like she wasn't making her friends feel awkward and your family feel awkward. And this was a way where people are much more comfortable in a public environment seeing her use a tool and not feeling bad for her, not feeling pity on her. Feeling like, oh look she's got something to help her live her life on her own. And that was something that means so much more than $8 in plastic 3D printed parts and a few people's time. But that product is now online. After every one of these maker fairs, one of these make-a-thons, we put everything online for the public. One of the neat things about some of the programs that we use to distribute these is that when people download them you can see where they're downloading them. And then once they make them they can upload pictures of them using the thing. Kind of as giving gratitude back to the original inventors. And so we're seeing people that we have no connection with all over the world in these communities where they're finding this, they're having someone make them for them and they're having pictures posted back online. So we're getting firsthand view just like their lead marketing person is showing the world the value of these things and that's what we're seeing over and over again. And so one of the things I will mention before I close up today is with this specific Tom event that we're throwing in DC in July we really want to focus on taking these technologies even further than just putting open source plans and instructions on the internet and building some organizations like Enable to help continue moving these projects forward perpetually continuing like they've done with their community building new tools and variations to fit different demographics and we look forward to working with you guys and incorporating all these great changes and this great technology to really prepare the world. Thank you. Now I get to ask the panel some questions and if we have time so will you. When we started putting this panel together we talked about what was the potential particularly in the health and quality of life area of 3D printing and related technologies to improve health and life in the developing world. But one of the things we learn more and more is that it's not as Beau said just in the developing world it can be in California or New York or Rochester or Washington DC so I'd like to ask each of you starting with Beau for a quick example of how you envision or know of technology improving life in the developing world and to give that example on top of the U.S. example you just gave. Sure, sure, so that's a good question. So I have one that I like to use as a go-to and I've spent enough time so hopefully I can say it pretty eloquently. And one of the challenges when you're explaining these things it's a niche environment, right? You're explaining to somebody a solution for a problem that they didn't know existed. I know I didn't know about it. Maybe many people in this room are more tuned into these needs but just as much in America but maybe more so in many countries sports is a very involved part of their life especially in the young ages and so soccer in a very large part of South America is life, right? It's everything. And to be a young person growing up not able to play soccer because you don't have to use your legs is absolutely crippling to your social and development. Everything you do is based around that. And so one of these parents came in they were from, I think, Venezuela and they said that their son is eight years old all his friends joined soccer this year and his entire life has just shut down because he just does not have access to the social values that he used to have where they watch movies together and do homework together now they all want to play soccer and he can't play because he's in a wheelchair. And so what the team created I think you saw a flash of it there it was like a little off-road car, electric, like four wheeler looking thing and we built a kicking foot on the front of it and the foot had a couple buttons on the handles that would control it so you could kick left, right or straight and it's not the same as being able to run around on your own legs but what he found in this an interesting niche environment as we explored the use case with him is that there's always time when they're taking shots on goal you guys probably know what I'm talking about you know, practicing your shots on the goalie and a lot of times you miss it goes behind the net someone's gotta go get it everyone hates to do that well this kid now has an artillery a mobile artillery unit and he loves to do this and they love that he participates he helps get the balls back for them he has this great time because he gets to launch these things pretty powerfully back into the field so he plays this special role now he's like a super goalie and that has brought him so much back into the fold that he's asked to play on other people's teams he's asked to come to their practices he's a valued commodity in his community and to make that kind of a shift where he was going so far down one path and then to come 180 degrees back the other and really exceed and be incorporated into his community is kind of the dream success story and I think that's something we're very proud of and I think it's something that is a good example of how you have to investigate the use case because it's very different in a lot of places but people are often the same John, I'm pretty sure you have another U.S. example of the impact in the first world of the superhero arms well, you know, we had a... near the mic, please we get this all the time but the superhero arms and hands in the western world I like to say we make children smile we make parents weep and we make nerds rejoice this happens every darn time we had a mother say that she was skeptical as to whether her child needed one of these because he'd been born that way he didn't know he had a problem and indeed he didn't he could do virtually everything but he wanted one and he had the experience the very next day she said we were in the park and that often happens another kid came up and said how come your hand is so weird and instead of being embarrassed he said this time Billy said well I have a special hand and come on over here I'm going to show you my special robot arm and they started playing together in the park and 20 minutes later these now fast friends say goodbye and the other kid says you are so lucky and indeed I don't know whether that kid is still wearing this device but it's already made a big difference this is at least as much about the the change in way they think about their unique limb difference the way they change in the way they think about themselves the change in the way they think about their environment and the way they relate to it and I think the way a change in the way we think about our environment and what we can do with it and so that seems to be a really powerful pattern the psychosocial value is something that Eleanor and the EIH team also learned about in Haiti where the engineers and designers among us were a bit disappointed that the primary interest wasn't in the functionality of tweaking the devices but Eleanor, do you want to talk about it? I would just something that we mentioned earlier nobody would not take advantage of a functional arm but really the single most important factor was mitigating the absence and the looking so different and being shunned because the culture including beliefs in voodoo and so on scapegoats the disabled to a large extent so the other thing we discovered was we know that there are children in Haiti that could probably use this but they don't appear at clinics adults do and the hierarchy of needs is very different in a place like Haiti so those are some of the psychosocial lessons that we learned the developing world offers entirely different challenges than working in a makerspace in Reston it's probably worth mentioning both some of the things that EIH faced and how you're dealing with those challenges or pilot testing solutions to those challenges no, I mean I think one thing we're very interested in exploring as well as offering this training is seeing with the bright support what kind of indigenous enterprises can come and I think with a lot of development projects it's a balance of trying to provide the right support to create an enterprise but at the same time you want to make sure the enterprise is actually a fit and not something that we think should exist in that environment so that's that's something Teresha and all three of you work with and are familiar with 3D printing and related technologies what's the most important thing you learned about the benefits of working with 3D printing and the limitations of working with 3D printing particularly in the helping device field John? the benefits is that there are potential solution providers all over the world who can make almost anything the problem is they're not magical devices that will actually make almost anything they enable people to do this kind of thing but they're still actually quite thin and so it also creates problem-solving opportunities and problems that need solving I was hoping you were going to get your problems of scaling but it was a soft fall I'll have to get a bow first because I suspect he may talk about prototyping and innovating and iterating sure, sure, so at NOVA Labs we are a very very diverse group and it covers everything from arts and crafts to bioengineering I'll come in one day we do like 900 events a year and so I'll come in one day and we'll have a couple of classrooms going and one classroom will be learning how to use a CNC embroidery machine to sew monograms on clothing and things and then another classroom will be extracting the DNA from strawberries so it's just, it's a grab bag and so the way that we use 3D printers is so diverse it's almost like it's one of these items on a shelf in a grocery store like on a potato chips or something you're just kind of looking and in the back of your mind you're thinking which one of these do I think would taste the best to me right now and so people are coming in and they're seeing all these projects or they're into something specific like car parts making parts for their cars and then they go to this shelf and it's got a laser cutter and a 3D printer and a CNC machine and a bunch of woodworking tools and they're just kind of figuring out what they want and that 3D printer is a very important tool in terms of kind of having it in the back of your mind as a resource because a lot of times you're like okay I can use the Arduino computer system for this and I can use the nuts and bolts from the hardware cabinet for that but there's something missing that kind of... I need something to put it together alright I'll just 3D print it and that go-to is the key in making things happen faster kind of figuring out what works and what doesn't and just in general I think when you've got access to a variety of tools 3D printing is just one of them it gives you the ability to think bigger it's not feel limited there's the old saying when your only tool is a hammer all your problems start to look like nails and this 3D printer is a Swiss Army knife it just does so many different things and enables you to think so many different ways you have time for questions from the... sure do your arm up my question is some government John could you speak up it's hard to hear oh I was just coming from John you mentioned that a lot of times what happens when you give a child prosthetics such as this is that you're warning them that soon they'll have to replace it and they'll have to find access to a 3D printer to do that so I guess my question is twofold first does your service offer some kind of connection with telling them where the local 3D printers are so that these kids can find that and second Bo we do your maker you know make-off make-off yeah are you requiring of your makers that if they're making for something like a kid then as well you know he's only going to fit in that car thing for you know maybe a year so what are they doing to make the solution they're coming with sustainable so it's not like you know those television TV building house shows where like all of a sudden people can't afford to live in so I guess those are my questions John my answer is yes it turns out we are creating relationships not delivering devices and if they the truth often is not if they need an upgrade or a replacement that's what they get if they need a replacement they get an upgrade because the designs are evolving through again a community design process very quickly we are building a global village one of the phrases that John usually uses but didn't today is to talk about it being high touch high technology and those relationships are critical because kids do outgrow assistive devices like shoes their needs change their uses their needs change and not everyone it's not one size fits all and not everyone can use the same kind of device and there are people that we have to say no to because we don't have yet the right solution for their current need there was a question here and this is for Bo so as an aerospace engineer you obviously work with parts and traditionally you would fabricate them and machine it somehow how does that compare with sort of ramping up to that product which obviously would be mass produced to how you would assist in the 3D world are all these sort of developments the same it's just that you're not in the end producing a thousand widgets you're producing one or is there a comparison or process you can make on sort of the aerospace version of this and what you're doing in the 3D world alright so you asked the magic question I think you get a show and tell them now hang on one sec so we had a neat knower who was unable to leave their house due to health issues and they said they love the idea of traveling the world they watch all these videos online of great amazing places these videos of you know beautiful mountain tops and so forth and it's as much as they like that it made them very sad to know that that's a place they would never go it looks like it's an emotional journey these make-it-thoughts I don't think people have ever been this close to humanity in the maker community we solve problems with machines if we either fix them or we talk to them and make different ones that are better and this humanity issue is new so we said well and healthy for all you engineers oh my god it's eye-opening it's like nothing, I was bitten bad as soon as I left that San Francisco one I told them the next day I said I want to be part of this and I think you guys will all feel the same way I think you're already inspired and that's why you're here and I think that this rabbit hole will take you to places that will change your life so to answer your question a person wanted to see the world knew they never would, felt very bad about it felt like they were seeing other people's adventures not their own and we said well we got a couple guys here who really really love drones right I mean they race these things really, they do and we said but they're not really as high performance or as easy to use as you might need so let's see if we can 3D print one for you that's a higher performance and the way this thing works it actually has a camera on the front with a little transmitter and the person wears goggles wears like a camera on their face like that Google Cardboard and when they turn their head it rotates the camera and when they lean forward it flies forward and it rotates left so they can actually fly around anywhere in a way that we can't even imagine in our normal lives and first of all they loved it we were able to put together some funding so they could have one and there's communities all over the place to help them fix it but I think the coolest part is that as soon as we got done building this thing for them everybody wanted one it doesn't matter what your situation in life is this sort of thing is 3D printed parts it was kind of modified and adapted what they wanted to be able to do in terms of how fast and how safe and how easy it was to control but that was kind of a nice hybrid for me I felt like if that's not my wheelhouse I don't know what is and that was a very rewarding feeling I think we have time for one more question but the scalability issue is one that we all wrestle with and that the Enabled Community Foundation in fact was funded by Google to try to address to figure out how to scale what we do in a sustainable fashion there was one question in the back of the room the man with the camera I'm a photographer I just showed up to take pictures and listen I think it's really interesting what I primarily shoot is wildlife and I find that the way you talk about how children don't show up to the hospitals they're not really capable of making their own decisions that way and really vocalizing their complaints about the animal issue kind of like you said before they were born with it I find that there's actually many animals with issues I don't mean to sound like the hippie who cares more about the animals I certainly don't but I think there's definitely an opening there I've seen whales or different kind of species whether it's amphibious or not with problems with their limbs and we build these prosthetics and the ones that I've seen so far there's an elephant one for an elephant that lost its leg and it was basically a wooden pole it didn't have really any movement to it and I wonder do you feel like there's a good point in pursuing animals that will help the overall kind of goal or do you think that's not something that's on your radar I forgot what they're called but there is a community of veterinarians and vet techs that have been working and one of them posted in the Google Plus community a while ago about how to work and develop an interest group or a community interest about doing that there have been there have been some a brilliant 3D printed set of four legs for a puppy dog really a wonderful a huge project and they made that dog very happy and a whale for a dolphin a tail for a dolphin and a leg for a chicken however some of us are trying to focus on the human need right now I think that we are about out of time Courtney do we have time for one more quick question one more do we have another quick question or shall I ask one what I'm going to address this to Eleanor and John what's the most important thing you've learned from your engagement that you want to share with EIH or enable ladies first I just think you can do a certain amount of research but you have to go and listen and look it's very basic cheerwism but I think a lot of project people, designers they get very intoxicated by the design process and it's important to remember who you're designing for and include them in the process which is actually the core of how enable works so that's it I think the most important thing we've learned is that this is not really about about prosthetics it's well it's hard to say what it is about but it's something much broader and well it's about people it's about it's about this it seems to me there are things that governments have failed to do that businesses have failed to do that NGOs have failed to do that a global community of connected humanitarians seems to be able to do and that's the biggest discovery I think we don't know how it's going to unfold which is the other big discovery but it's a huge opportunity thank you all let's give one more round of applause