 Sorry for my bad accent. I am French and In in France we we like to to learn French and that's all That's cool So I am a number of Linux expert. I have been using Linux for a long time. I Think I was one of the first user of Linux in France It was only it was we were a small group it was okay to reserve a restaurant for All the people working on the new in France at this time I'm not a flight software specialist and so North space industry specialist and so I got some some slides from the people from the CNES in Toulouse Which is a French? agency for space developments they are really Very high-level specialist on the subject. So I got them slides with a lot of Authorization of course and I put my the slides inside my presentation as well I will talk about the Octo and using a Octo for with for the applications and the future offer of Using Linux in space applications Focusing on satellites not on rockets and because they work on satellites Currently I'm the CTO of a service a part of a service company Which is called smile? and ECS is a small part is about to Sue thousand people and we are about 150 people working on embedded embedded Linux mostly embedded Linux, but sometimes on microcontrollers and Android and etc And I am a teacher at the University in Paris and Bordeaux For my mother Linux or your CTO Linux real-time a USB Android and Developing drivers, etc. Okay So, you know space is a very hostile environment because it's We we need a very specific system configuration regarding the footprint and The radiation of course we are we have already several talks about it And so I'm not a specialist and the most important part is the certification so there is a there is an organism or certification in Europe, which is ECSS and The organization delivers certificates for for the software flying software for satellites There are specific protocols and hardware there was but they're still there For example the sparkly on CPU the space wearer and They begin to use the standard networks, but with some adaptations The space Nevertheless, the space has been in a in a space the software. Sorry. I've been in a space application for a long time I think the first one was RTOS 3860 for the Apollo space flight control and You have the Apollo guidance computer For the for the lunar module and now it was a design of a very small CPU compared with today and so you can run the software in a Java script on a web page And So there are lots of there are some some specific software and operating system for for the space of missions Such as RTEMS, RTEMS, I say RTEMS, maybe I did not the good name, but RTEMS was designed for the missiles for the for the Navy in the USA and so it's now it's open source reason there's a LGPL not the GPL It's a LGPL And it's still very used in the in the space industry even in Europe But most of the time they got they got a version of RTEMS and they they changed some they removed some parts of the software to get the certification But it's very famous Vakes works of course if you take a look at the recent NASA missions, they use Vakes works for for the The robots on March Discovery no curiosity curiosity Curiosity runs motor the rents Vakes works and RTEMS and Litos is an OS designed by a Space Spanish company very famous in the space industry in Europe They are called Fentes they are from the University of Valence and They develop a very famous IPA visor which is certified by the ECSS and So there they are they develop also an operating system for the space which is called Litos and The virtualization is very important I think it's the most important thing to to make it possible to use Linux in in a space environment Extratum was the name of the of the Fentes product that no it's called X and J because it's extratum new generation By CoS by CISGO CISGO is our noise It was a German company. It is owned by Thales the French group Thales and so Thales is one of the main actor of satellites and Space application in France and in Europe and so they use they use their product which is by CoS which is quite close to Extratum and X and J But there are some some real projects we we can talk about the CubeSat I heard lots of things about the CubeSat but there there are the CubeSat and no there are real projects It's quite different. I don't I have nothing against the CubeSat but it's a it's a different application and so some some real projects such as a SpaceX Falcon some years ago. They use Linux in a standard standard way. There are three three computers X86 based on QPOT with redundancy, but it's not a satellite, you know, it's Starts the engine and some minutes after all the they must be on the Earth. It's quite different So there are lots of mission based on Linux Some of them are very funny because I heard the Concerning about it the first day the phone set for example the phone set by the NASA based in Phone with Android. It's a kind of Linux because Android we use the Linux kernel, but yeah It's quite funny interesting So you have lots lots of examples some it's an extract of a list and The software in the spaceship is more and more very important like as a kind of industry Because it's an interface between the ground and the space system You rents a vital function with the software Sometimes we have real time. It's not sometimes it's not mandatory, but sometimes you need a real time So we must if we consider Linux we must consider Sometimes an extension to the to the Linux kernel and in the management of mission aspects such as Instrument and see you control unit and see what we can TMTC telemetry and telecommand So this is a this is an example of how the satellites the system works you have a ground station on the ground which is a ground station and There is a telecommand and telemetry connection for from the satellite and the satellite is divided in two parts So systems the control system, which is a not used but not Driven by Linux. I think it could be difficult and The pale the payload what we call a payload or the payloads, which is the application and we have a system this So that I can present you some oh Yes It's Linux in the in the display No certification The first part the first approach is to use bare metal with no OS for every simple application So it's okay with a low level of complexity and it's okay for smaller see use and instruments So you have the hardware with two applications, but yes, it's an old-fashioned approach The second way to to develop a software as flight software architecture is using an operating system on top of the hardware with a tax management and It's again not possible to use Linux in this case because Linux won't be certified by the by the ECSS and The third one is the most interesting because it's a standard way to develop flights of flight today We have OS of course, but we have we can have several OSes We have real real mission working for with this architecture because It was some tests of Linux before using Linux in critical session missions And of course there is no ECSS Certification if you use Linux, but the last one is the best one We have we have the hardware We have the hypervisor on top of the hardware with the temporal and spatial segregation We use the qualified hypervisor such as X and J with several critical levels and so Linux is usable if you put Linux in a Container not a container like like docker or something better container of of the hypervisor And the issue was to to be able to make Linux communicate with with hypervisor because Extra-atom was not designed for that at the beginning It was designed for to to communicate within its own OS and so with RTMS for example So we had the third and we are but they are they did the job because we don't know anything about X and G and it's not open source. It was there is an open source version and it was open source at the beginning But when it was a project from the University of Valence, but now It's not still there is a version open source version, but yes, it's not really usable Okay So the the typical space architecture is the following with extra-atom the hardware the hardware extra-atom and Operating system in containers and several applications. Okay So, of course this slide is Bees repetitor that we say in French in Latin, but it's in French. We will always say this Of course the benefits are the support for many architectures of ESP white community There are lots of communication protocols, but no protocol for no communication protocol for space currently Development tools vendor independence Optional real-time that's not so good so bad with a real time with pre-empty, but there is another Yes, I heard a lot of things about preempty, but there is another framework Which is called Xenomai? I will talk about it this afternoon and just after it's at five and They seem to be very not very famous in the Linux community And but I will talk about it later. He's not it's not a link to this to this subject and Of course the path of the software can be debugged and developing in stardar architecture It's 86 or small boards which are the rest very power And so the most important is a huge catalogue of Linux software. So this is a Bees repetitor, but there are some drawbacks And we need a MMU we did we did a test some in three years ago We are the first project with a test and one one of the work package was to identify the possibility of using a MMU less Systems with Linux CPU with Linux and right now it's quite possible. Yes, it's still possible, but MMU less supports for the Linux kernel is a bit Hold Okay, you can't use 8 bits and 60 bit processors you have a limited support for RAD tolerant to CPU. There are some BSP from from Spark Leon, I think it's based on build route It's not designed to be on RTOS and it's nearly impossible to qualify it with a lot and that there is a large footprint You you should know that in a space system Quite everything is loaded in RAM. It's what we call a mini trimfs in a For Linux is not today. It's not possible to to and the OS from From the EMMC or something like that. It's maybe in the future, but today it's loaded in RAM It's loaded in RAM with the current operating system, but it's it's it's the same with Linux and the package dependencies can be Drop-back not only for space So working is a mess. It was very difficult to work with a mess. We started the company. I started the company Which was called open wide at this time. I didn't show you the name because in English it's a bit tricky She would take a look at the web at the Internet you will see some horrible things and so it was quite difficult to work because it's a It's a national French agency. So it's a administrative Yes, it's a French administration Wow and so I remember I I did I did a study to To see what it's possible on Linux, but not not for the for the space flight and It took me about Three three or four months to get the contract and so only for three three or four days and after it was a silence so they were lost in space too and I don't know that for a for because Linux came back to the to the on-scene with with missions they called us just three years ago and we started the first project to to use Yachto with French actors and players Tales and Airbus and We were subcontractor we have to to to develop It was quite easy, but we have to develop a BSP not to develop a BSP to use a BSP for those ink To test the pre-empty and to test because you know my to know what is what is the best? I I knew the results, but well and create a Linux imagine a demonstration Okay, and this it was the first step quite interesting So we decided to not to use the preempty in case of real time We decided not to use an MMULS CPU and The second project was the most interesting because we were not subcontractor who was a match or player with the CNES and the the initial goal of the of the work was to to take the results of the previous study and to Start an open-source community around the project Okay Yeah, I say okay, but We you know what you know, Joe Jackson the singer No But there is a seat. There is a quote of Joe Jackson. He say he say Doom in your in deep in your heart. We knew it was doomed to failure But the question remains why did did we do that? It's it's about the third album of Joe Jackson. I'm a fan of music so There was three three world package the first one was a was a set of interviews for some five players a French players friend two big French players two small friend failure and a player from Spain and The interview was about to use of Linux in their projects or some of them the big one They use Linux already and the octo they have quite everything ready So they don't care about the new distribution and the new distro, but yeah And then all players and they never use the Linux they use the software from from from the CNES or from from panties or whatever and There was a second second part, so it was a set of interview with lots of question and the second part was Was to define a strategy to maintain and make available a new distribution So you you you copy paste what we did before or for other customers, but Yes And the third the world package was to develop the yoke to itself so you have to destroy itself and There was a big job around Interfacing it with with a hypervisor. It was it was already some some part was already Done, but we had we had to work with the Fenty's to do that For the communication between the partitions We worked on zinc We plan to use weeks five, but it's not possible and we use the raspberry pi for for the demonstrator So yoke to the octo is Is not a distribution, you know what is the octo and the goal of the of the Another goal of the of the project was to to be not to be dependable on the on the distro Develop provided by the BSP so standard this story is pokey for if you take the zilin things BSP This is pokey Petalinux if you take another board From an XP for example, it's another one and so there are lots of dependencies Lots of layers to add and it was it was a bit complicated So the goal was to really find something quite simple because the image must be simple Don't forget it should run in one And so we we put it in place and it was okay Okay So the Linux for space distro, so it was very funny because we I think it was my my choice the Linux for space and I discovered One or two months Later that there was already a project Linux for space in here in Prague and It was very funny because we didn't know each other Which we choose the same name. We asked but it was quite simple, but So the Petalinux data distro The next one is from the end man. Don't you so he doesn't have a copy? So so we base the we base the distro on pokey, which means you can use on it on any kind of hardware So again again about the space features Everything is loaded in RAM. So RAM is not very is that big compared with what we have on the phone today or any kind of electronic device We need the hypervisor. We need partitions So the Linux my image will use in it from FS. It's around this color in at the beginning of the boot We have space where is very is very famous for the space industry. It's a specific bus Looks like similar to You are to something like that. It's quite old but the problem is most of the Space wire is not like an internet board. Most of the space where you are designed as IP for FPGA so everybody by the IPGA S Airbus, etc. They develop a specific driver for the APGA and there is no no framework for the for the space where in the Linux kernel is not can open And that says they don't want to give the source code, of course, I Know we are there was only one one free FPGA for design for space where which is designed to lose again We do lots of things to lose Not only the rugby But we are champion In France, I'm not from to lose I'm from Bordeaux. And so I had the people from to lose and and It's the same So we use the for other demonstrators. We use the air map spaceware air map library available on github designed by the people of Japan I have put the link. It was quite quite interesting, but it's based on TCP So the project result Is we can we can run Linux on top of XNG partition the communication between partition is okay We are the basic space driver on the ZBO board, which is based on the in-it ram fs Xilix independent is so etc. Yes The good is a good result the bad results maintaining a disorder can be is complicated and the people from the There are two categories of companies and the big companies and everything about Linux and they know everything about the octos They have all everything ready so they don't care about you distro And they don't want to to give anything because that the developers are not against open source, but the managers may be They're okay to get open source, but it's a bit difficult to to give back some source code So the original goal was was not achieved because we wanted to To build something around the community Yes so we With it was one year finished a while ago, so well I was back to the test to get in got in contact with the Kness and with the Kness It's not real time the contact, you know there is a highlight Latency and But there are another guy and so they say we we will switch to another approach We will integrate in a York to layers what we did and they did lots of sick in software in France Then the first the first one is LVC Eugene. It's a French name It's a logisielle devol le vol logisielle devol pour la charge utile générique It means generic flight software for the payload. Okay It's you can take a look on the Internet Publish lots of paper for so it's his time and is based on the time and space partitioning The second one is a ppdk which is a kind of Structure to to install applications just like on a standard Linux Generic application hosting to so and the last the last Things was a possibility to to manage the software and compile software on board So I was very surprised, but yes, it's quite possible now The LVC gen is a origin is is IMA Integrated modular avionics developed before our article Deployed by Airbus, etc. Okay, etc. So The last part is important because it should it should be called LVC gen because the CU is not It's not only for the payload today So this is this is the EMA actually the EMA is a way to instead of using a Computer for for a future and you will share the the computer for the several future is very famous It's a space in the Ironautics industry So yes, it was original the things So it's a TSP solution It's it's a generic framework you can develop if you develop with LVC gen you have lots of tools and and the liberal libraries, etc and It's it's lost to To to have a lot of common codes between the mission instead instead for rebuilding everything from from scratch and The LVC gen based architecture is the following you have a nipers of course We have the partition for example on this part is based on light us and on litos You have a ppdk inside the partition and on this partition you can install the application just like with a with a Package manager or something like that. It's not really a package manager, but it looks like so We have the software components. Sorry. It's in French because it won't from the quit the connect again Yes, but so the circle generic CNES is a generic software from the CNES We have a ppdk. We are some leaps to offer for the virtualization of everything We have the Linux part Nativ or guest and the applications and So There is a there are some leaves here in the yellow There are some leaps for the abstraction and for example, they sent me it's very simple But it's an abstraction of the function one for a rank a one for the posix Linux So it's quite simple, but yes, it works So the first step is you is to set up to is to add the support For Linux to the ppdk. It was not possible right now With the same level of functionality as the litos was was the most famous famous for for the job So we can have two way ppdk instances, but one functional scopes Because a ppdk so there is a small picture Don't be afraid. I don't understand everything But it's it's it's a ppdk for litos with a structure block structure from the CNES and those and so the goal is to add the is to add the Linux The new application and Linux application hosting feature the application hosting feature including Linux, okay So the step two for the development of the application hosting tool again, it's written in French I'm very lazy about writing graphical stuff. I don't like that So you have a application hosting a berger d'application With the IA Python Network protocols I image processing etc etc so it's a standard it provides a way to install codes on the software To use codes And there are two Factory use use case on the step three is not available right now, but maybe we do that with the CNES The The real competition of Executables because it's quite difficult to send a binary to a satellite. It's about three megabytes. Let's say it's about three megabytes It's I think it's worse. It's worse. We with Linux So now there is a way to to do on-board fly system Reconfiguration and computation that we will put it lab on the satellite. Yes And Put everything in a container with docker something like docker and so instead of sending a binary you get the source and The source except for except for Android the source are smaller than the binary And so it's a source are a few kilobyte So it's a it's a nice feature and additionally There are plans to do to use a Linux IP stack for the TMTC for the communication from the from the ground and there's No, there was a mistake on my slide because there are two So so good. So so good use case was to use TMTC As I say to my to my students you you must not modify the slide that's the last thing That's what I did So the first one is to To recompile everything on board and not everything but part of the software and the second one is to use the Linux IP stack for TMTC Okay, if you have any question, maybe it's okay because we have I think we have 10 minutes left if you have any question not on the space industry, but Yes, if you can you can you can I will say I don't know So it was very a very interesting project. I didn't know a lot about space industry I was I was a fan of you know, I'm old enough to to to have heard about the first man on the on the on the earth in 1969 I was I was a young young boy and I had everything under on the radio So space was a magic for my for me, but I do prefer train For for the I don't like playing planes. I don't like the airport's not the planes Okay, any question? I have the microphone here if you have questions, I'll pass the microphone to you No question So no question. So the next step will be to get in contact with with our colleagues from from Prague I say Prague in French, so you know and to to be able to To do to have the same same direction with the Knessin Okay, okay