 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls degree college, University of Allahabad. And today, I'm going to discuss a topic under research that is academic integrity in research. Buhat baat ho rahi aaj kaliski and the lecture will be useful for your general and professional courses as well as for your research work too. Okay, let's start academic integrity in research. Baati kyi ho rahi academic integrity kyi? Kyi hum academically...academic integrity nahi show karte hain research. Academic integrity ka matla ki hum akadmik rukhti bhi akhand hain ki nahi. Matlab hum chote-chote swadh ke liye galat kaam toh nahi krte hain research mein. Anushan dhan mein, par aisa hai ki hum karate hain. Isi ye baat ho rahi hain ki aap academically integrity show kiji. Academic integrity show kiji research mein. Ta ki achha kaam ho sake, achha anushan dhan ho sake. So, academic integrity ka matlab kya hain? Sorry. Academic integrity means giving credit where the credit is due. Itna aasan ki aap akadmik akhanda tha aise show kar sakte hain. Aise ka art hain ki aap usko credit nejye jaha par credit banta hain. Jis ka kaam hain uska naam laga hain ki hain uska kaam hain. Kisi aur ke kaam ko apne naam se matla kiye. Ye matlab hain. While writing a research paper or making a presentation, poster or website, we must acknowledge our source of ideas or information. O kaya rahe hain ki aap jab ek anushan dhan prapatra likhe hain. Aap jab koi presentation banaye, koi poster banaye, koi website banaye, aur aap ye zaroor acknowledge ki jaye ki aapne ye kaha se liya hain. And the sources of ideas or information. We should express our ideas in our words, demonstrating and sharing our personal perspectives. So, kaya rahe hain ki aap hain mehsha hamko jabbi kuch likhna chahiye, kuch batana chahiye usko apne vicharome pradarshit karna chahiye aur apne perspective ke saab se share karna chahiye. Aur agar aam aisa nahi karte hain toh we must truly acknowledge others. Aam kisi aur ka work share kar rahe hain toh usko hamko acknowledge karna chahiye ki kisi aur ka hain and contributions and give respect to the center of learning and others involved in the system. Yani ki jobi iss parne likhne ke teaching learning ke system mein walde hain. Usko aap credit diji, jiska naam hain. Uske naam se hi publish ki jaye apne naam se mat ki jaye. Yessari batin. So, UGC ne 2018 me kaya kaha hain ki academic integrity. UGC ne academic integrity is the intellectual honesty. O kaya rahe hain ki aakadmi kakhandata kya hain aapki bodhdi ki maandari. Aap bodhdi group se kitne imaandar hain in proposing, performing and reporting any activity which leads to the creation of intellectual property. Dekhi aap log hain, ITR ka naam bahut sunoga bahut popular hain. Aaj kal, intellectual property right. O kaya rahe hain ki sir property ka right nahin hain. Belki aapki intellectual property ka bhi right hain. Aapki intellectual property how much of a group is very faithful in reporting, which is why we have a lot of knowledge. Then, values underlying research integrity. So, what are the values of research integrity? We will follow ethics, we will know do's and don'ts, we will know what we have to do or not. We will do rigor exhaustively, we will know how relevant research is. Now, if you are doing research on how effective is the talk-and-talk method in classroom education, then it has no other purpose. The talk-and-talk method has now been obsolete in the digital world. You can use it a little bit, you should not rely on it at all. Transparency. Research is so transparent. When we do research, we have to tell everything about the sampling method, the methodology, the interviews, everything must be transparent in research. If you are a participant, you have to respect the rights of the researchers, impartiality. Research results and output benefits are equally distributed. Independence and accountability. Independence means that no matter how much you impose on someone, don't do research. You are self-reliant to do research. And you have to be accountable for whatever research you are doing. Research is misconduct. Research comes from integrity. If we show academic integrity, then research will also be integrity. But if it doesn't, then what happens? Research becomes misconduct. We do wrong things. Research misconduct means male practices. Those practices are wrong. Adopted by the researchers that seriously deviate from actions that are commonly accepted within the scientific community for proposing, recording and reporting research. We are going to do this work to tell the researchers that we have done this work to record and report that these are our research outcomes. The commonly accepted data that the scientific community has approved, when we deviate from it, we do it with a challenge. They don't accept all the things. So we do male practices. We do wrong things. We do wrong practices. Research is misconduct. They say that research misconduct is generally known as FFP. What is FFP? First of all, F means falsification, falsification and plagiarism. The type of plagiarism is the most popular. Fabrication and falsification are less popular. But this is also misconduct. There are three ethical issues. These are the three issues that characterize research misconduct. First to refer to misdemeanor during research. And the third refers to misconduct during the publication and dissemination process. They say that when you are doing research, when you are doing research, then we do two mistakes, which are fabrication and falsification. And when we do research, we publish it, then the mistakes are plagiarism. And the three of them are mentioned in the same category. They are mentioned in the name of FFP. But the two are during the research. One is after the research. They are saying that until the research is disseminated, it is not published. Until it is not published, until it is not published, until it is not published, it doesn't matter. That is why we all will carry it together. They are saying that fabrication and falsification are fraud. This is fraud. This is cheating and while plagiarism is theft of victim's credit. And while plagiarism is called a social theft, this is a theft of the victim's credit. If you are not giving the name of the work, then this is also a theft. So, two things are cheating and one is a theft. So, this is a fraud, this is a theft, everything is going on. What is fabrication? Fabricate means we fabricated the data. I mean, actually that data was not there, we are showing it. Means making up and cooking up data and results without performing new experiments and reporting them in presentations of app applications. So, they are saying that you have not experimented at all. You have not gone to the field, you have not collected the data, you have not surveyed the questionnaire, you have not done it. You have just written the data, from the blind, from the blind. The chance work that this will go away by doing this. So, this is not actual authentic data. So, this is fraud. What is falsification? What we have done is a result. But we are not getting results from our assumptions. We want something like this and that. So, we are changing it, right? Means the experiment has performed, but the outcome of the experimentation is manipulated. I mean, you have done an experiment, but the result is that you broke it and wrote it. It is not written correctly, it is not written as actual. And what is plagiarism? It is appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results or words, without giving appropriate credit where it is due. And what are you doing in plagiarism? When you are disseminating, when you are publishing research, you are not giving it credit. You should give it credit. Means whose work, whose thought, whose quotation it is. It means the practice of taking someone else's work or idea and passing them as one's own. Means, I took someone else's work and written it in my name. So, look, we will have to talk separately on plagiarism. Because plagiarism is a big topic in itself. So, here we have only hadings. That plagiarism can be of many ways. Like word for word plagiarism. We have written it as a ditto from somewhere. Para phrasing. We have read a para and gave it a few words. We have put a few words in it and then we have written it. That is para phrasing. Cut copy paste online material from somewhere. As it is. It is word switch plagiarism. You are leaving some word and giving it as it is. This style plagiarism. This style is following it. It is metaphor plagiarism. Rupak is following it. Idea is following it. It is all plagiarism. It is so strict that you cannot print anything from your name. Especially, as soon as you submit it. Because everything is in soft copy. So, the plagiarism chequers, flowers and softwares, they immediately tell you how many words you have taken from somewhere else. The second text you have taken. How many are yours. So, the original contribution is so much that it comes out. So, now there is no trace of it. And UGC is also very strict on it. And it has imposed many penalties. That you are a researcher. So, you will get this penalty. You are a supervisor or faculty. So, you will get this penalty. So, why is this happening? Look, it is self plagiarism. It cannot be that our work is ours. So, next time we will write it. And next time we will write it again and again. This is our work. You will have to tell yourself that this is my first work. So, you will have to give a quotation. You will have to put a difference. So, this is a general idea from you. All these things are going to be known in detail. So, what I was saying is that, why did UGC impose all these penalties? Because it is a work of 2M level. It is happening in our practice. No original work is happening. No original idea is coming out. It is said that the punishment will be imposed on you. So that you do not make mistakes. Don't make mistakes. Show academic integrity. So that it can be a good work. And our higher education ranking is increasing. Because our higher education institutions are very behind us. On which we are ranking. What is the main work of higher education? I have already discussed the research. As soon as the research is done, higher education will go to you. Then, what did UGC do? UGC has brought a regulation in 2018. Promotion of academic integrity and prevention of plagiarism in HEI's. They are saying that in higher education institutions, we have to stop the conspiracy and increase the number of people. For this, UGC says in 2018 that to create awareness about responsible conduct of research, thesis, and dissertation. They are saying that responsible conduct means you do your responsibility and your thesis, your dissertation. UGC is running awareness for that. From 2018. They are saying that increase academic integrity and stop misconduct. And stop plagiarism too. Academic writing among student, faculty, researchers and staff. Whatever is written by the student, faculty, researchers, staff members, whatever is written, plagiarism should not be there. To establish institutional mechanism through education and training to facilitate responsible conduct of research, thesis, dissertation, promotion of academic integrity and dividends from plagiarism. That means that you should check the mechanism in your institution that you do not do any wrong thing. Or to develop systems to detect plagiarism and to set up mechanisms to prevent plagiarism and punish a student, faculty, researcher or staff of HEI committing the act of plagiarism. They are saying that now you must know that your all places are given plagiarism checker software like Eternitin is used Irkund is also used. You should set up UGC so that if you have any submission you can check the plagiarism software. Check it and you will know how good you are and how much you have given your original contribution. What will happen to this? That a person will not do any wrong thing. Levels of plagiarism and penalty Look, the penalty is that if a teacher does plagiarism or steal something or write another matter then what is the punishment for that? Level R is 0, 1, 2, 3 If you have less than 10% similarity level means whatever you have submitted in the write-up, there is less similarity so that whatever you have taken or copied or taken, if you have less than 10% then you will not get any penalty. So it is very difficult to write 90% original, it is not an easy task. Level 1, if you take 10% and reach 40%, if you have reached 35%, 40% similarity level then what will happen? You should draw it again. You will rewrite it again and submit it. It is not acceptable. Level 2 similarity level if it goes up to 60%, that is 40% is your original contribution and 60% is where you have written it. So it should not be denied that it should be right. 1 annual increment and not be allowed to be a supervisor to any new scholar for a period of 2 years. If you have reached 60% then the similarity level is coming up then you will be stopped for 1 increase in rain and you will not be a supervisor to any new scholar for the next 2 years. Level 3 if you have reached 70%, 75%, 80% then you will be stopped for 2 annual increments and you will not get any research scholar like that there is a penalty for research scholars IAIP Institutional Academic Integrity Penal if it has a similarity of 10% then there is no penalty. If you go to level 1 then you will be told to revise in 6 months. These are all theses to be collected. If you are making mistakes of 40-60% then you will have to revise in 1 year. If you have reached 60% then you will be stopped for 1 year. If you have reached 60% then you can cancel your PhD registration then you can understand how difficult it is in EMM. In this way UGC has checked the process of the practices of plagiarism in higher education institutions and there is no falsification or fabrication of plagiarism and if we do this then we need to give a good and original thought to the students in our classroom so that the students can see that the teachers work so hard so we should work harder so the teachers should not do it and today's students are teachers so in this way I have covered a very general basic and relevant topic for your research work that is academic integrity in research. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel ExploreEducation. I have done from my side.