 You are in for an amazing treat right now. This is stage B. If you're expecting to be somewhere else, then you probably want to run away now. But we have Lydia Cossogmas. She joins us all the way from Berlin via a way of the United States and bits of Europe and bits of the Middle East. She's from all over the place. It's amazing. She's doing some groundbreaking research on disruptive technology, how it impacts society. She's making a game at all. I'm just so excited for this talk. I'd like you to give her an enormous AMF round of applause. Thank you so much. But before I even start, I think we have to say that this is an amazing camp. This is my first time here. It's all the volunteers who have made this happen. To you I say thank you so much. This is magical. My presentation is about how it's actually a magical time to be alive. I'm looking at different technologies that affect humanity. When I was introduced, you talked about a game. I'm actually creating a card game that has prompt cards to give us to think reflectively about the technologies that are being created and how they affect our society and our humanity. When I submitted this talk for AMF, the feedback I got was like, that's great, but could you also be critical about the technologies? I will be critical as well about the technologies and I look forward to your questions and comments. This presentation goes from birth to death and we're going to walk through some of the different aspects. In the card game, these are some of the different categories that have prompt questions. Starting with birth, DNA editing. For those who are not aware of it, DNA editing is also called genome editing. It's a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced inside the genome of a living organism. This is great because it has the potential to take out certain inherited diseases or illnesses, which means that we can live healthier and longer. This also can create a new industry of designer babies, which is a hot topic right now. The idea behind it is that you could design your baby the way that you see fit. Right now, the technology isn't there to do everything, but some of the ethical concerns are if you could change the eye color, the hair color, the skin color, if you could make the muscle stronger, or if you could even make the brain smarter or capable. The question lies, if we were able to change all of those things, would we, should we? What does that mean to us and how we think? Also, would designer babies create a new form of minority or disabled communities such as those who were not able to get genetically modified to be super strong or have better neurological connectivity? Next item in birth is this in a moment. Can you imagine a baby growing out of a woman's womb? So it's a thing, it doesn't exist yet for us, but it's a thing and it's called an artificial womb. It's a hypothetical device that would allow for external pregnancy of growing a fetus outside of the body of an organism that we normally carry a fetus to turn. Right now, they have done experiments with a lamb and it's been successful for almost a month and then they stopped it. And then with a human embryo, embryo, they've done it up to the legally allowed limit, which is 14 days. And so they have been able to successfully grow one externally and then they stopped because the laws don't allow them to continue. This is kind of the system, how it works. And some of the interesting questions that it poses, so first of all positively, it would allow couples to have babies even if they had genetic issues to having children. It would allow same-sex couples the transgender community to have children and it would also allow people to have children later on in their life. The interesting thing that this creates is if we were able to have an external womb where we would create human beings, should that be regulated? And if so, how would we say you can only have two, three children created or you can only have one at a time? Can you have two at a time? And should there be people that couldn't have access to doing that? And how does that compare to when you do it naturally? In the category of learning, there are exciting new technologies and I've listed them near virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and brain computer interface. So virtual reality, augmented reality is a picture that we have here is where you would see your environment but you would see an overlay on top. And this is very helpful as we learn to see things better. This is another example of that, learning about anatomy. Here's an example where you have virtual reality and the screen kind of shows what this person is looking at. Another type of way to learn is through neuromodulation where it is the alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus such as electrical stimulation or chemical agents to specific neurological sites in the body. And this can help give you an advantage to learn faster. This is the latest right now in terms of what has been shown to work and what is planned. You take a moment to look at that, lots of potential here. One that exists, this headphone that this person is wearing exists and what that does is it puts an electric field in this area up here so exactly if you're wearing a headband or a listening device. And it puts electric field into the motor cortex to induce a state of hyperplasticity and when you are wearing that and when that's active you learn faster. What are the consequences? I don't know, they don't know. It's one of those things that you have to wait and see what happens. Another one is brain machine interface. So this is basically putting something in your brain or that would be minimally invasive. That's what they're working on right now. There's some companies, one of them is Neuralink, that's Elon Musk's company and he's trying to make this happen. And what it is is when your brain is communicated to a computer that you have extra memory, extra capacity, extra capability. So right now that's being worked on and this would be another way to learn. So with all these exciting ways to learn, there's still one aspect that's missing and that's passion. And I was talking to somebody who is in the Netherlands working with some universities about passion and getting students to learn about passion and find it for themselves. What those universities have found is that they have all the technology of the world. They have all the information of the world that they can give their students. But they're finding that some students, many, are not as motivated and they're not feeling as excited to do things or learn things. And so he right now is trying to see how he can help those universities teach students passion. And his proposal is we need to go back to the human connection. And he's now looking for people who are very passionate about what they do to put them in front of those students and just for them to talk about the things that they're passionate about. And this is something that technology can't do. Relationships. So this picture here is a robot with a child. This is an experiment that was done successfully at a hospital where they were trying to get children to feel less nervous about shots and just medical day-to-day procedures. And this worked. Kids felt happier when the robots were around and got to play with them and felt less stressed about the whole situation. As we have more and more robots, we're going to have more and more relationships with them. So here's one example. And then another one is pets. We may see more robot pets that we adore and have in our homes. Another one is having artificial intelligence companions. And this is actually something that already does exist. And Dr Kate Bellman talked about it yesterday evening in her talk sex robots. So this one you can customize your AI to be as you like. They have different personality traits and then you can talk with them. And this is on the AI. It also has the actual doll robot. Again, this is what Dr Bellman talked about yesterday. And so if you can imagine, with our loved ones, we text them throughout the day and tell them how things are going and all of that. So imagine you had an AI which you would communicate throughout the day and let that AI know how your day went and that AI would respond to you in a personality that you liked. And then you could go home and play with that same AI and hang out. And so I see the potential of having a new form of companionship which would be separate from human companionship. You may see this as familiar because this is what was talked about yesterday by Kate Bellman. This is again the doll that she was talking about. So you could have the AI version on the phone and then come home to the doll. So we could see a rise in robot companions and we have another one with caretakers. And I want to share with you some very nice pictures from a hospice in Italy. They brought this robot and this patient here is introducing herself to the robot and welcoming it to the facility. Now this robot goes to pick up a patient to help her come to the dinner table. And she uses the robot to walk her way to the dinner table. And I think that you can see that this was a doll that did well over there and they liked it. The next category is identity. With more technology we'll see our identity changing and the way that we see ourselves changing. So what is a cyber? A person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by mechanical elements built into the body. And here are two examples. The one on the left, he is colour blind but very severely and just sees actually black and white. And for him this was something really important and so he installed, literally had surgery into his skull to put this device on. And what this device does is it doesn't make him see colour but it makes him feel colour. And so the device has some light and it reflects on the colour and then in his head it comes as like different types of sounds. And so he sees colour through sound. And actually he even did an actual musical performance with an orchestra and they played the colours that he sees. And he designed it so that's really interesting. The next one he has this kind of special glasses that help him see and he's also the first victim of a cyber discrimination attack. He was in Paris and three people attacked him and tried to pull that off of his eyes. So as we see more people connecting themselves to technology we may also see discrimination. So it's something to think about how it is we help support people who are exploring themselves in different ways. In work we're going to see work transformed again through virtual reality, artificial reality, artificial intelligence and brain computer interface which we've already talked about. But as well as avatars, holograms and haptics. So with virtual reality you can go into a room, be an avatar and communicate with others and have meetings there. And this is one way you can reduce costs and pollution instead of driving to work or flying a plane for a meeting. We can do this in virtual reality. With holograms we can actually sit and see the other person in a holograms form sitting down and have that conversation. These technologies are being developed, the proof of concepts are there and it's only a matter of time before they become more prevailing. Haptics is an interesting one. It's a technology where you can admit error, kind of feel buttons and different knocks. And that's still in the early stages but that'll be something that will affect our lives. With augmented reality already Microsoft has a few proof of concepts out there where we would interact with like a special type of glasses where we could see our world and the augmented reality and move screens around and push buttons and all of that. In the category of stuff 3D printing is doing marvelous things. So 3D printing is the action or process of making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically bylining down many thin layers of material in succession. What this has done is that it has allowed for mass customization. And Thingiverse, I believe that many of you are aware of, is an amazing resource where everybody shares the things that they've created and you can, there's one here in the picture of a toothbrush and a vase, so many different ways to share the things that we make. Not just sharing things but we can also share culture. My manufacturer has an initiative called Scan the World and what they're doing is they're trying to scan culture, whether it's a statue or a device, but things that are part of our culture as a global and part of our history so that it can be shared with others. And also in the event of a destruction, such as a bombing or an earthquake, these precious items of culture can still be preserved digitally, they can also be reprinted. So if you could example, for example if you could imagine a Greek statue from Athens being 3D printed in Australia for students to touch and see and visualize. Another one is scaffolding for 3D body part creation. Yesterday we had a talk by Konichi Wakiti, Rachel, these earrings are actually from her. She talked, she's doing her PhD creating eyeballs and so 3D printing also can create scaffolds. If she's here I'm sure she'll have a lot of great comments about this. Another thing is that 3D printing also helps people with disabilities and in this case you see here a child who, he has this amazing cool hand that he can use and it helps him grab things because he's missing his hand. However it's not always positive like that, you can also 3D print weapons. And right now there are files of 3D weapons that you can print. And finally we are at death. So one item that I think will transform death is whole brain emulation or wind uploading. It is the hypothetical futuristic process of scanning the mental state including long-term memory and the self of a particular brain substrate and copying it into a computer. And then after that the computer would then run a simulation model of that brain and then that brain would then respond, that simulated brain would respond as if that person would have responded. But up to that point so you'd be copying that brain up to a certain point. Whether it's conscious or not would be very much open to debate. So what this does is it allows for us to create a copy of ourselves but it also allows us, this technology has not been created yet but there are people who are working on it. If and when this does exist it would raise questions about immortality and whether or not we should leave behind our brain. And if so if we had a loved one for example who passed away, should we communicate with that brain? Should we keep that person alive when they are gone? And this, I do not have answers to that, this is for all of us to discuss and think about. But there are technologies that are working towards this and they do have implications on how we deal with grief and how we understand death beyond our body's death. So in conclusion it's a magical time to be alive and I hope that we purposefully and thoughtfully create technology and that we bring it to our lives in a way that does more good than bad. The card name that I'm creating is meant to raise all these questions so that more people could talk about it and so that it doesn't just happen in a lab somewhere without civic society having a say in that. If you have any questions I'd love to take them out. Thank you so much. It's an amazing book. If you have a question, please take your hand up and wave so I can see you. I see one person there. The question of brain uploading and things like that, there's been explored in science fiction and people can call it doctor's walk away and black mirror both explored those. What's the, what do you see the importance of those sorts of explorations of these ideas and sort of teasing out the consequences in those environments? So one of the things that comes to my mind is what if Osama bin Laden's brain was uploaded and what if his followers today were able to communicate with that brain and that brain simulated would continue to provide feedback and encourage them to continue. You could apply the same reasoning to Hitler and so other ethical questions that would arise is if and when this technology does exist should it be regulated in the sense that certain people would be allowed to have the brain uploaded and other people wouldn't and if so what are the parameters for that? So that is one item that I think could be explored as well. Any more questions? I see one over there. In terms of the products at the, where does the majority of the funding come from? Is it state or private? From what I've noticed it's mostly privately funded. Obviously I've talked about arranging technologies but I'm seeing more and more of it being privately funded so for example the one about brain computer interface, Elon Musk, he's funding mirroring. So I see most of the technology being privately funded. There is obviously some government funding but I believe that I see it more in the private sector. Any more for any more? In which case a huge amount of calls for relief from public.