 Green synthesis is a sustainable method for producing various nanomaterials, including metals, metal oxides, hybrids, and bio-inspired materials, using natural extracts as reducing agents and solvents. Biological components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, amides, and aldehydes play a crucial role in this process. The stability and toxicity of nanoparticles are discussed along with surface engineering techniques for achieving biocompatibility. Applications of these synthesized products include environmental remediation through antimicrobial activity, catalytic activity, di-removal, and heavy metal ion sensing. This article was authored by Jack Breitsing, Taneshri Dutta, Kihun Kim, and others.