 Gamma Delta T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury, TBI. In this study, researchers found that these cells can affect the pathophysiology of TBI both immediately and over time. Specifically, they discovered that two types of T cells, V1 and V4, have opposing effects on the brain. V1 T cells infiltrated the brain and secreted cytokines such as interferon gamma, IFN, and interleukin 17, Illinois 17, which caused inflammation and damage to neurons. On the other hand, V4 T cells secreted transforming growth factor beta, TGF, which helped to reduce inflammation and protect neurons from further damage. This study provides insight into how T cells may be used to treat TBI, potentially providing a targeted approach to treating the condition. This article was authored by Hadi Abu El-Hassan, Raphael M. Rezend, Saifizi, and others.