 Dear students, I welcome you in the course of Leadership, Emotional Intelligence and the CN Making. This is module number 86 and we are going to talk about what leaders really do. Related to this phenomena, we are going to discuss idea in practice and as this article is written by John P. Quoter, he is coming up with the different context that how leaders can better be able to manage the organizational facility in more effective way. When we talk about what leaders really do, remember that planning and budgeting is something which is very important for a manager and as well as for a leader. And we have to see that planning and budgeting when it comes in relation with direction setting, so you have to come up with a combination which is actually related to both that your direction should be positively and accurately established and you are moving towards in the right direction and at the same time, your planning and budgeting is equally important. So, we can do our outcomes better from the perspective of both these things. In all these perspectives, the aim of management is predictability, what you can do, what next is coming in, what is our actual needs in the next year, what are the results you have to achieve and leadership will focus on the fact that you can take a change, a change which will create a transformation in people in the next year, maintain enthusiasm and also maintain their trust relationship. The second important thing is that leadership is nothing mystical. You should not consider it as a magical act. It goes side by side with planning and budgeting. The only difference is that apart from the fact that we only talk about planning and budgeting, we also want to go along with motivation, trust, enthusiasm and such things. And the reason for that is that the phase in which people are better able to perform according to their desired objectives. The third thing is that leadership involves search and obviously the patterns related to the relationships with the stakeholders. So how can you make those relationships better, leadership will focus on this. And no doubt for that purpose, it is necessary to clear the hierarchy of priority in the concern of all stakeholders. Secondly, remember that leadership involves the direction setting. The mission, vision, values of the organization that is providing the direction can also give leadership a better focus. Another important thing to know is that leaders and managers should not consider the two separate entities. Actually, we have to inculcate and incorporate leadership qualities in the managers. Then what leaders really do? Remember that when we talk about organizing and staffing versus aligning people, management is only staffing people, but leadership is aligning them, they are creating synchronization and patronization. So managers look for the right fit, whereas leaders are there to come up with establishing a synchronization and patronization among all the people to establish a culture, a culture which is actually going to foster creativity and innovation. Secondly, leaders, however, look for the right fit between the people and obviously the vision. And what will happen to that? That such an environment will be created where productivity, profitability and satisfaction of the stakeholders can be ensured. Then managers focus more on the ends, and the main focus of the leader is more on the means. So these two things are important for us in the organizational facility. We are also requiring the established ends, and we need to also see ethical or authentic what are the means. So leader and the manager, they go side by side, they are going to reinforce each other, and that these two qualities can also be adopted by the same person. So what really leaders do? When we talk about this phenomena, remember that controlling activity and solving problem, this is the concern of management, whereas motivation and aspiring and inspiring, that is basically concerned with the leaders. So management is more talking about the people and then in terms of objective is to be achieved. Whereas as a leader, the focus of the leader is on people's progress, people's upgrade, people's career counseling, career progression. Secondly, leaders attempt to touch people at their deepest levels. They know how to establish a win-win relationship. Similarly, a manager that is more focused upon the outcome orientation, whereas a leader would be more focused upon people orientation. And then leaders are actually there to come up with people concerns to understand their needs and wants, to understand their emotions and moods. And obviously these are all the things which are actually associated with the human beings and for that purpose the leadership skill is actually required by the managers as well. Dear students, if we conclude all this, then remember that a leader has to understand what is the needs of his followers. And at the same time, we also have to ensure that the target goals and objectives of the organization are also being achieved. Thank you.