 Hello students! In this video, we're going to be talking about narrowing topics and analyzing problems. OK, so remember, in Assessment 1 and Assessment 2 in this subject, you need to write a problem-solution essay. Assessment 1 is the first draft of this essay, and Assessment 2 is the final draft of this essay. You are given the broad topic area. It might be something like food safety or scams. You need to narrow this topic down into a problem-solution essay question. OK, here's an example. So, the broad topic area is healthy eating. And, after thinking about it for a minute, you decide your question is discuss healthy eating. OK, the good part of the question you have a function word, discuss, but other than that, there's no narrowing. You cannot just have an essay question such as discuss healthy eating. You need to narrow the question down much more. We recommend that you talk about the problem in the question. So, for example, you could have unhealthy food is a serious issue, discuss the causes and effects of obesity and present some solutions. OK, this is better than the first question, but it could still be further narrowed. Unhealthy food by itself is a very big issue with many causes and many effects. So, we could think about what type of unhealthy food will be discussed, for example, fast food, soft drinks and so on. So, for example, you could have discussed the problems caused by eating chocolate and present some solutions to solve these problems. This is fine, much better. The question is appropriately narrowed. OK, so we have the narrowed essay topic. We have identified the problem. Now, we need to analyze the problem. To analyze, you need to break down the problem into research style questions and then find information. Breaking down a problem is important because it helps us to avoid jumping too quickly to solutions that might only address the impacts and not the causes. So, you need to start thinking about the root causes of the problem. Taking the essay question on chocolate as an example, you need to ask questions such as, why do people eat chocolate? Is chocolate by itself unhealthy? What ingredients in chocolate cause problems? What are the health effects of eating chocolate? And so on. This is how you analyze a problem. OK, that's it from me. Here are some further resources and a video to help you in writing an essay question. All the best and remember, enjoy your time at university.