 colleagues in the name of the Swiss Archaeological School in Greece. I'd like to welcome you to the session Sanctuary of Ubia Island Greece and its colonies recent excavations and studies. I'd like to welcome you also in Bern for those coming from far away. I'm sorry for the bad Swiss weather or our Greek guests that are not used but welcome anyway. This is the reason I think one thing first as you can see there are some annual reports of the Swiss Archaeological School here on the first table you can take them after if you like and second I will sit down that everyone can see the PowerPoint. So with the recent discoveries and studies concerning these sanctuaries for example the work done recently at Plakkarinia Caristos the study of the Sanctuary of Apollon in Sarrakes or the Sanctuary of Athena in Eretria. The discovery of the Sanctuary of Apollon Celinaeos Adrovies and last but not least the discovery of the Sanctuary of Artemis Amorizia in Amoritos are enough indications that to say that the time is ready now to sit together to have an exchange of results and problems and to start a general discussion about the situation of the Ubea sanctuaries. The aim of my introduction on the extra urban sanctuaries of Ubea is not to present you some recent research about this topic but to resume what we know actually about the sanctuaries to put some questions and to define some points of research that should be done in the future. Ubea is the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, the second largest of Greece after Crete. The Greek geographer Strabo mentioned that the distance from the Cup Canaion in the north to Geraisdos in the south is about 1200 stadia and that its breadth is irregular and generally only 150 stadia. This corresponds in fact at the length of 180 kilometers and the breadth of between 6 and 50 kilometers. The total surface of the island is 3661 kilometers. On such a big surface we expect also a big number of archeological sites of different periods, not only settlements but also some important extra urban sanctuaries. Looking at the map of Ubea in the fourth century, sorry, in the fourth century before Christ, we recognized that the island was divided at that time in four major territories, the so-called Chorae. In the north we find the city of Histiaia in the center of the two largest territories of Calquis and Eretia and in the south of the city of Caristos. The fronches between the different city territories are hypothetical with maybe the exception of the fronche between the core of Eretria and Caristos which must lie as I supposed in an article in 2002 of the southern slope of the Ios Nicolaus hill behind Stira or a Silvian fascia supposed in the 21st volume of the Seri Eretria published in 2012, some kilometers more in the south in the area of the Filagra Hill opposite the town of Marmaris. Looking now at the different sanctuaries inside these white territories, we see that every city territory controlled minimum one but mostly two or even three extra urban sanctuaries from that much what we know. The most important source on the existence of the sanctuaries is the geographer Strabo which mentioned in his 10th book the sanctuaries of Apollon Selinuntius in Orobia, the sanctuary of Apollon Marmarinos at Marmarion, the sanctuary of Poseidon in Gerastos, the sanctuary of Zeus Kenaios, the sanctuary of Apollon at Tammuna, the sanctuary of Artemis Amarisia in Amarintos and the sanctuary of Poseidon in Aigai. Not mentioned by Strabo is the sanctuary of Artemis Poseiola in the core of Histiaia. Informations about this sanctuary are either found in works of Plutarch or from inscriptions. A help for the knowledge of these sanctuaries could also be the much later source of Stefanos of Pizantion which mentioned the Artemisian in Amarintos and the sanctuary of Poseidon in Gerastos, the polis of Artemision, the mount Cotylaion which was dedicated to Artemis and the mount Ochre near Gerastos which was dedicated to Zeus and Hera. I have not the time here to discuss all the written sources concerning the Euboean sanctuaries. These are collected in the dissertation of Manuel Arianna Perez, an important work which is unfortunately not published yet. I will also not discuss here the sanctuaries of Zarages, Plakkari and Karababa which are going to be presented by Athenachatsi Dimitriou and Jan Paul Krielat. Nor the recently discovered sanctuary of Artemis Amarisia which will be presented by Tobias Grapp. I like just to put some lights on the major extra burn sanctuaries in order to give some basis for future research. The main deities worshipped in the extra burn sanctuaries of Euboea island are certainly Apollon as you can see and his sister Artemis followed by Zeus and Poseidon. Apollon is present also in an important Intramura sanctuary, for example in Euregia, in the famous sanctuary of Apollon Daphne Thoros. Other deities are certainly also worshipped inside the Euboean polis but we can not end in discussion as we were dealing here only with the extra open sanctuaries. I will start my paper with two major sanctuaries in the north of the island controlled by the city of Istiaia, the sanctuary of Zeus Kenaion and the sanctuary of Artemis Poseidon. For the sanctuary of Zeus Cap Kenaion we have inscriptions and written sources. Written sources I just put one here, Sophocles Drachines which says that in Euboea there is a promontory, the Cap Kenaion there he dedicate altars and sacred wood to Zeus Patros. So it's a place where we have a meat, very important meat of Heracles which died there with the gift from his wife Deonera. Another source is the inscription found in Anovatia near Amarintos. It's the treaty between Istiaia and Eretria dated about 400 B.C. In this treaty we can read that as usual there are two examples of a treaty and one has to be exposed in Amarintos in Toi Iehoi in the sanctuary and the other one from Istiaia in the Kenaioi. This is very important because it shows us that the sanctuary of Zeus at Cap Kenaion was one of the most important sanctuaries of the city of Istiaia where they exposed these inscriptions, treaties and other kind of inscriptions. From the archaeological side there was some say excavations but old excavations from Papadakis and Papavisiliu. Today I don't know I've been there 20 years ago so we one could see some stones again but I don't know how it is today but I think this is a place where we can, where we should also in the future invest to make some investigations. The other sanctuary of Artemis Brazil in the same Korra is known as I told you from sources of Blutat and others but there is one very important inscription. It is this inscription found on a hill called Ios Jorgos and this is an inscription with names and all these people main which were named on this inscription they helped to renovate the sanctuary of Artemis and also the Agalma it means the statue of Kalt and this is a very inscript very important inscription because first it's we have the name of the sanctuary this here are these Artemis, these Ossiolias and we have also the name of the people mentioned there with the demos from where they are so we have an idea of the different demo in the different places inside the Korra of Istiaia. Lolling in the 19th century was the first and the only one who made excavations at this place as you can see it's at Ios Jorgos where it's certainly at the Mision written this is in a region called Gorbatzi and Gorbatzi was the territory the owner of the territory was a man from Switzerland from Bern, Udal von Wilde. He owned this all this territory in the 19th century and he was also in contact with Lolling and Lolling made some excavations some trenches but he found apart from some architectural elements he found most of his walls dated in Byzantine or Roman times so we have nothing clear about the existence of a sanctuary from the classical and Hellenistic times at this place and we have also to say that maybe the place on top of this small hill where today is the small church of Ios Jorgos is maybe not the idle place for an Artemision because the sanctuaries of Artemis are when you look around the gulf of Euboea we can take Browron, we can take Halei, we can take Aulis the Artemision for Maramarin does it's usually just at the shore of the beach so if Penny Knöpfler he supposed that maybe the Artemision was not at the place where Lolling was looking for but at the place called Palio Casto so it's the second one that I have put here on the slide. Now we go for the third house and we had recently a very important discovery concerning the oracle sanctuary of Apollon Selinaios or Selinuntius as we know from Strabo I put the text here that there is in Europia Sanctuary Mantellon to Selinuntius Apollonus and now the research made in 2000 about 2001 showed at a place called Ios Taxiaches that there are some walls and in first line they found some fragments of inscriptions the first one the smaller fragment is mentioned mentions the city of Istiaia as you can see and here Eia so it must be in connection with the sanctuary and the second one mentions Apolloni do Selinaioi so you see there is a difference between the text of Strabo on this inscription and we think maybe the inscription is right and there was maybe some mistake in the text of Strabo not in the text but in the transcription a late transcription of the text of Strabo the name could come maybe as Manuel Ariona supposed from a river or from the Selino from the plant of Selino so maybe it is called the sanctuary of Apollon Selinaios and not Selinuntius and so as you can see we are here at the beginning also of a new discovery and it needs certainly more research to do then we are in the core of Eretria the sanctuary of Apollon at Taminae which Strabo also mentioned and saying in the Eretrian territory there was a city Taminae sacred sacred to Apollon founded as they say by Admetos and this was a big problem long time because Admetos is a hero known from Thessaly and not from Euboea but recently in the Swiss excavations in the Roman bosses from Eretria we found an inscription or some fragments of an inscription where it's we can read Polymarchia's Phyllis Admetis so there was a phile in the Chora of Eretria called Admetis and Knepflos thinks that this is the phile connected with the polis of Taminae and so polis that he think was in the region of Ablonarion and in fact all the excavations made in the 1940s by Constantinus and Travers they brought to light some architectural elements that could be from a temple the question here is is the sanctuary of Apollon at Taminae intra muros or an extra muros sanctuary we don't know it in fact but we have some ideas that in the inscription 990 from the inscription Strakas 12 we can read that there were some there is some like a sacred sacred wood some boscon sheep herds and other animals in this region so as also Manuel I suppose maybe a sacred wood so it would be an argument to say it is outside of the town and as Denik Knepflot was also saying that as we know from Eismines for example there must be a hippodrome there and from other inscriptions we know that there was some competitions different kind we can read hippoes horses we can also read music kittarotas etc there's even a parten on kim non you don't know if it's really a competition for young women but what I like to say so there are some sportive competitions around the festivities in honor to Apollon and they are certainly made outside of the town so that we can think that maybe the hippodrome and also these these places where they made competitions was outside of the town Knepflot he thinks that the polis of Tamini has to be situated on the hill Paleo Castri then the last one is the sanctuary of Poseidon in Geraisdors where we have all sort of text from Strabo's and other a lot of other texts that mentioned this sanctuary I think here we are sure that this sanctuary has to be placed in in the Bay of Geraisdors indicated here on the map map near Caristos we have here picture of the bay there were also found some inscriptions and I mentioned just one and also walls and other things I mentioned only one inscription the famous Kimolian Dekas decree found in Geraisdors and this is a decree where made by the island of Kimolos and there was on this island some legal problems that they could not resolve by themselves so they asked the king Antigonus we don't know which one those are not others but in any way it's in the third century before Christ and Antigonus sent a church from a neutral church from the town of Caristos he solved this problem and he got some honors from the Kimolians and also a decree also in this case in two exemplars one has to put was put in the exposed in the sanctuary of Athena and Kimolos and the other one in the sanctuary of Poseidon in Geraisdors just one thing that is interesting that in Geraisdors is also mentioned a sanctuary of Artemis Polosia in connection with a monument offered by Agamemnon a ship monument or a ship of marble and we don't know if this sanctuary of Artemis Polosia was inside the sanctuary of Poseidon or if it was sanctuary apart so there are other questions here to put on this sanctuary so to resume yes we could also mention Platanistos we could also mention the Dracospita on the Mount Ochi in connection maybe with the cult of Hera and so we can mention other places but I think from the most the biggest one and the most important one we can say that in fact we have two are certainly not located the sanctuary of Artemis Poseidon and the other one in Marmary from Apollo Marmarinos where we have not a lot of sources then we have some sanctuaries where which need further research in Kapkanion the newly discovered sanctuary of Apollo and Celinaeus but also Taminae and Geraisdors and the only one and this is Tobias Krapf who will present it which is now the most known of all this sanctuary is the Artemis Amarisia Sanctuary in Amarintos I didn't speak about Aegai the sanctuary of Poseidon and Aegis because there's a lot of other problems in the sources it's mentioned that there is a palace of Poseidon underwater but in other sources they say it's maybe in the region of Limni so near the Apollo and Celinaeus Sanctuary Don Keller I suppose that it could be in Ahampoli so in the south of Evia so there are different problems connected with the sanctuary so that I don't like to enter in question for this I thank you for your attention and as I told you you can take the reports the annual reports from here and we will continue with the second keynote from Sandrin Ueber from gestures to traces you beings in the sanctuaries at home and along the sea seals