 Hi, I am Dr. Ravichan Siddha Chari. I am considered surgical gastroenterologist and chief liver transplant surgeon, Manipal Hospital Bangalore. As you all know, 19th of April is considered as the liver day. On this day, I mean I would like to talk about liver as I am performing a liver surgery here for a cancer. I would like to tell you more about the liver. So, liver is one of the most important organs in the body. It is located in the right upper quadrant in the abdomen. It weighs about 1 to 1.5 kilograms and it performs numerous functions. And it is therefore called as the factory of the body. It produces proteins, it produces clotting factor and it produces bile. It also performs most importantly the detoxification of food and the drug which you take. Whatever you eat, it has to go through the liver. It also has other functions like the storage which is very important. The energy stored in the liver, the iron, the minerals, vitamins, they are all stored in the liver. So, the functions of liver are numerous and it performs at least about 500 functions in the body and therefore it is very important. And liver diseases are increasing and as you see worldwide, it is going to be one of the most common diseases by 2030. Every one in five persons will be suffering from liver diseases. So, what are these liver diseases? What we talk about? How do we maintain the liver? That's all I want to tell you about today. So, maintaining liver is very important. You have to have a healthy lifestyle. You have to have a good hygienic diet, natural diet. Don't go for processed food and artificial food. Avoid drinking alcohol and exercise is very important. So, whatever the calorie you are taking, you have to burn it out. You have to balance it out. The extra calorie is stored in the liver. That is why the incidence of fatty liver is increasing. The extra calorie you take is not burned. It's stored in the liver. It's called fatty liver disease. And this fatty liver disease can in fact lead to liver cirrhosis and now it is one of the most common problems in India, not only in India everywhere. So, other diseases like we have viral hepatitis, viral hepatitis are there. Four or five viruses causing hepatitis which can lead to cirrhosis and alcohol, very common problem. It's a big problem and in India it's growing because India is becoming more of a civilization and modernization leading to lifestyle disorders and the disease of liver is growing. So, these all liver diseases lead to ultimately liver failure. And liver failure eventually, you know, one person will not feel good. He will feel very unhealthy. He will start accumulating fluid in the body. He gets jaundice. He starts bleeding everywhere. And ultimately he is going to, you know, die one day if he doesn't get a treatment properly. So, what is the treatment for liver failure? It is transplantation. Liver transplantation is the treatment for the liver failure. Medicines can only prolong. You can buy the time for some time. But ultimately the treatment is liver transplantation. And what are these liver transplantation? There are types of liver transplantation we do. We do catabaric and living donor liver transplantation. Catabaric means somebody who is dead, somebody who had a trauma or had a head injury and his brain is not functioning. His liver can be taken and many other organs can be taken along with the liver such as kidney, heart and lung. And what is living related? Living related is person's own relative is donating half of his liver for maybe 30-40% in kids. Half of liver in adults. So that liver we take and put it into the new patient. So the old disease liver is taken out and a new liver is implanted and that liver has to function and then the person will have a new life. Otherwise the life expectancy without transplantation is usually about 6-9 months. With transplantation you can prolong it by, I mean almost a normal lifetime. And other disease I would like to tell you is the liver cancer. Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and it is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. And it is the second most common disease in the digestive system throughout the world. So liver cancers can be of two types. One is the primary cancer which arises within the liver cells. And another is the cancer which is coming from other organs in the body through the blood. So those cancers are called metastatic or secondary in the liver which comes from colon, rectum most commonly and also can come from stomach, lungs, breast and other organs too and pancreas as well. So the treatment of liver cancer is revolutionized. We have a top, I mean the surgery for liver diseases can be taken care of this liver disease. And we have all the modern equipments and the medicines they have revolution the treatment of the liver disease. Ultimately what I would like to tell you is avoid liver diseases by staying healthy. Lifestyle is very important and leading a good healthy life is very important. So my words to you on this liver day is to stay healthy, eat hygienic, natural, good food, exercise daily and avoid alcohol and junk foods. This is my word for you on this liver day. Thank you.