 All merchants, unless they have been publicly prohibited beforehand, shall be able to go out of and come into England safely and securely, and stay and travel throughout England, as well by land as by water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right customs free from all evil tolls, except in time of war and if they are of the land that is at war with us. And if such are found in our land at the beginning of a war, they shall be attached without injury to their persons or goods until we, or our chief judiciary, know how merchants of a land are treated who are found in the land at war with us when war broke out. And if ours are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land.