 Hello everybody, I am Mrs. Geetha Dhundarwal, Assistant Professor of Communication Skills, Department of Humanities and Sciences, Valtran Institute of Technology, Sholapu. In my session now, today I will discuss about English grammar and the use of phrases and idioms. Learning outcome, at the end of this session student will be able to apply English grammar effectively in their day to day communication. In the content of my session is importance of using phrases and idioms in English language and types of phrases, the definition of phrase and idioms and the usage of phrases and idioms in sentences. So, all these points I will cover in this session. So, let us discuss first what is the use of phrases and idioms in our day to day communication. Take a pause, think about this question and try to give the answer. Now, let us see the importance of phrases and idioms in English language. So, phrases and idioms add life and vitality to language. They make our English sound and more native. The next importance is they add sparkle and wit to the works in which they are employed. The next importance is they help us enrich our language. They make our conversation more interesting and less monotonous. They highlight a character's personality. The use of phrases and idioms definitely highlight a character's personality. Now, let us see the definition of phrase. First, we are discussing about phrase and then we will discuss about idioms. So, what is phrase? A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech. In the other words, a phrase is a group of words that does not have both a subject or predicate. So, it is never a complete sentence. Here also, I have given one definition of phrase. A phrase is a group of words that go together but do not make a complete sentence or phrases act as a single part of speech in a sentence. So, these are some of the definitions of phrase. Now, let us discuss about the types of phrases. Here are some of the types of phrases. The first one is prepositional phrase. Then, second one is noun phrase. The third one is verbal phrase. Next one is infinitive phrase. Then, participle phrase, gerund phrase and absolute phrase. So, all these types we are going to discuss in detail. So, the first one is prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases always begin with a preposition and connect nouns. And the examples are he sacrificed his life for the sake of his country. And the second example is in spite of working hard, he was insulted by his boss. So, a prepositional phrase is a group of words consisting of a preposition, its object and any modifier. So, here is a list of prepositional phrases. So, go through all these one. The next one is noun phrase. Noun phrase is usually assembled, centering a single noun and works as a subject, an object or a compliment of the sentence. And the examples are a man on the roof was shouting. So, here the noun phrase is a man on the roof. The next example is he is wearing a nice red shirt. So, in the first sentence the noun phrase it works as a subject. In the next one it is working as an object. And see the next example we are sorry for her departure. So, in this sentence or in this example the noun phrase works as a compliment of the sentence. So, a noun phrase is a group of words that consist of a noun and its modifiers. And together acts as a noun. The next one is verbal phrase. Sometimes the action being described requires more than one verb. It means it comprises a main verb plus one or more helping words. And the examples are he should wait before going to swim. Here should wait is a verbal phrase. The next example he has finished his work very fast. So, in this example has finished it is a verbal phrase. So, a verb phrase is a group of words that includes the main verb and any of its modal and or auxiliary verbs. The next one is infinitive phrase. A phrase that includes an infinitive along with a simple verb is an infinitive phrase. Infinitive can act as a noun adjective or adverb in a complete sentence. And the examples are Alex likes to read comics. So, to read it is an infinitive phrase. The next example is to keep his child calm. He learn on the radio. So, in this example to keep is an infinitive phrase. The next one is participle phrase. Participle phrase enjoins with a participle may be present or past. And the examples are please sit down without making a sound. So, in this example making is a participle phrase making a sound. The next example the house was severely damaged by the flood. In this example damage is a past participle gerund phrase. Phrase contains an ing form with modifiers functions as an adjective adverb or a noun. And examples are the second example reading novel reading novels is a good habit. So, reading novels reading is a gerund phrase. The last one is absolute phrase. It contains a noun or a pronoun with a particle. And the examples are he sat on the bed his clothes neatly folded by his side. So, in this sentence his clothes neatly folded that is an absolute phrase. See the next example he looked towards the beggar his face expressing pt. In this example his face expressing that is an absolute phrase. Now, let us discuss about idioms. Idioms are expressions that help us describe an exact situation in a different and more creative way. An idiom is a figure of speech that means something different than a literal translation of words would lead to believe. These idioms have a figure at meaning and basically work with pictures. So, let us see the first idiom. It is raining cats and dogs. It is a colorful way of saying that it is raining really hard outside. It is raining cats and dog and I am worried about how my kids will reach home. So, in idioms the literary meaning is different. The second example is cool as cucumber. The meaning is very calm and composed and untroubled by space. And example is my friend is nervous about taking his driving test, but I am cool as a cucumber. So, these are some of the examples of idioms. When you are able to use idioms and phrases comfortably in your speech and writing, then you have achieved a higher level of mastery and fluency in language. So, it is good idea to master some of these expressions. These are some of the references. These are some of the links I have used to create my PPT. Thank you and have a nice learning.