 Hola a todos y bienvenido a nuestra segunda sesión de Resilience on Tangled. Antes de comenzar, les gustaría mencionar que para las interpretaciones, por favor, seleccione el icono global y seleccione tu lenguaje favorito. Hola a todos, bienvenidos a nuestra sesión de Resilience on Tangled. Bienvenido a nuestra segunda sesión de Resilience on Tangled. Antes de empezar, me gustaría recordarles que para interpretación, por favor, seleccione el icono de idioma en la parte inferior de la pantalla de zoom para seleccionar su idioma de referencia. Soy Mosvaldo Elbre, un estudiante en la arquitectura master en G-SAP, y uno de los cuatro pasajeros en G-SAP. En G-SAP estamos muy contentos de compartir esta colaboración con estos cuatro otros grupos. Para los de ustedes que nos juntamos, hemos tenido nuestro panel de introducción, con un gran grupo de académicos, de todas las escuelas intentando abrir la escala y preguntar las escuelas. Esta próxima sesión me parece ser muy emocionante, porque estamos buscando cómo los estudiantes se aproximan de la termina de Resilience. Asegurando de un ambiente político y cultural de Resilience, encontrarán una gran cantidad de diversidad a través de las presentaciones. Espero que, a través de esta conferencia, se convierta en una parenta de cómo todas estas presentaciones se relacionan. La idea es para los estudiantes saber que el trabajo que está haciendo simultáneamente en las mismas topics. Y, probablemente, el trabajo puede ser de cada uno. Los estudiantes estarán presentando un formato de referencia a las presentaciones con la intención de compartir su trabajo. Aseguramos a los estudiantes con preguntas y comentarios a través de las preguntas y discutiremos en el final con la Q&A. Entonces, comenzaremos las presentaciones con el estudiante Michel Müller. Michel, tienes la flora. Gracias. Podemos compartir mi screen. ¿Puedes verlo? Sí. Muy bien. Buenas tardes. Mi nombre es Michel. Soy un estudiante de la segunda edad en el Departamento de Estudios Urbanos y Planos. Estoy honrada de estar aquí en el día de ayer. Mi research es en la ecología política de las landscapes. Estoy interesada en la escala de la manejaría ambiental y cómo se forman las vidas de las personas y cómo las personas hacen sentido de los acontecimientos contemporáneos. Antes de estudiar, mi programa de planos globales fue una parte de mi trabajo con el Centro de Ciudadanos Resilientes y Landscapes en la Universidad de Colombia, una iniciativa de la investigación de Kate Orfleet. Y considera las approaches para las desafías ambientales y espacializadas. Las imágenes que mostré son producidas por mi colega y amigo Linda Schilling. Mucha parte de mi trabajo miró a grupos de personas que vivían en las calles y pulgadas en la universidad de Colombia. Voy a ver dos proyectos, uno de los desafíos para mostrar cómo las personas pensaban sobre la des版 del agua en el país, y el sistema de desmanchamento de las estrenas, y sobre todo todo todos las cosas. Para medir la la liberación Hay un riesgo real. Los hogares flutten y la falta de salud y sanidad contribuye a la polución de agua en estas áreas, solo para llamar un poco. El primer proyecto fue el Pantanoso y el Oeste de Montevideo. Y el segundo fue el Yaque River y el Centro Santiago de los Caballeros. Los dos lugares usan la termina de resiliación, pero por mi perspectiva, el former fue más desgraciado y desgraciado, un par de los hogares para los residentes. El lateral tomó un más neoliberal de centrarse en el desarrollo económico de la planta de agua y la planta de resiliación defensiva. El Pantanoso y el Oeste de Montevideo es un video industrial, al menos una parte de la ciudad fluyente. Es un landscape que ha sido abusado por la industria de pollutantes y una práctica de dominación a través de analizando las edificaciones difíciles. El flow de agua es interrupción por el desarrollo, empazando y en la casa de los hogares. Esto es uno de los sitios. Puede llevarnos a una escala más localizada de nuestra conversación. Puedes ver que la casa está construida en la edad de wetlands. Y una parte de esto fue realizada en el estado. El Pantanoso y el Oeste de Montevideo tienen un programa para residenciar los residentes en las áreas. Ellos tienen opciones de tomar fondos y comprar en el mercado. La municipalidad también construye hogares a través de la ciudad como una opción para residentes, así que no tienen que moverlas a través de las ciudades y pueden ser en la tierra más alta de la ciudad. La ciudad de Montevideo es un video industrial, un video industrial, un video industrial, un video industrial, que puede ser en la tierra más alta. Hace un edificio cont evolves para hacer esta idea de una extensión ronda y el camino que se funciona por el rio de la ciudad. La idea fue programar el espacio para que los pueden accessar en el estado y el oeste de la wetlands para que se traiga una lasatravés en las Türkiye. Elami Y ahora volvimos al Yaque River. Es un río poderoso que lleva a los highlands de la República Dominicana, Santiago de los Caballeros. Esta imagen me recuerda el poder del río. Algunos residentes han construido una casa por el lado de la edad, muchos de ellos son asesinos. En 2007, había una fuerte estación de Caribe. El río ha sido relacionado con oportunidades de turismo y desarrollo económico. Esta, a mí, es un camino representante de trabajar contra el río y las personas en el nombre de la resiliación. Hemos empezado a expandir el plan para considerar la casa, redesinar el camino de la edad, y una gran restauración del río, mirando a todos los tributarios. En mi research en la escuela, he subido de la termina de resiliación. A mí, es un término que a veces es usado para planear y manejar landscapes y manejar a veces fallos en ingeniería o formas defensivas, como en Santiago. Otras veces, es lo que decide la naturaleza y donde las personas son, a veces para cerrar otras formas de ser. Ahora creo en cómo podemos conspirar con las plantas, las personas y las criaturas para crear estos futuros alternativos que todos desean. Recuerdo las palabras de Catherine McKittstrick, Silvia Winter, un scholar jamaican, Natasha Meyers, y Robin Will Kimmer para mostrarme cómo los humanos han históricamente trabajado con el mundo natural. Silvia Winter me enseñó sobre el plan de plantación en el que las escuelas blancas y la criatura han actuado en resistencia a la disciplina de la esclavidad, por plantar verduras complexas que han creado espacios para especies y personas asesadas. Natasha Meyers y Robin Will Kimmer enseñó cómo podemos asistir a la mundo natural y usar historias como un camino para avanzar, viendo plantas como los de los alianos y los estudiantes. He estado un poco separado de la criatura en Latinoamérica. Yo creo que las escuelas pueden ayudarnos a pensar sobre los diseños de edad en el futuro, los sitios de regeneración, la resistencia, la inconsciencia y la curación. Puede ser un edad que no falle y para las binarias de dónde el agua y las personas deberían o deberían ser. Y para responder a Diane Davis, creo que podemos empezar a usar historias y prácticas de trabajar con el mundo para crear estas imágenes. Ahora vamos a parar de compartir. Gracias, Michelle. Vamos a mover a Dani López y Petz Sabe Faldes de MIT también. Aquí está. Muy bien, Dani. Soy un PhD estudiante de MIT, pero vamos a enseñar lo que vivimos durante la maestra de la TNC. Y también. Entonces, voy a enseñar cómo hacer las imágenes de la TNC. Y también. Esos sitios rurales tienen un punto transparente, y también tienen el punto de la TNC. Por el centro de la TNC es la plaza de la TNC. No se puede hacer más. Esto es un punto que no se puede hacer más o menos, pero con esto a menudo asesinado. No lo puede hacer más o menos, no me parece que sea más centers fracases. Pero a partir del tiempo, los death or are essentially un gave to us de Chiapas. Y luego tenemos una en la Ciudad de México. Así que si no has escuchado sobre los 17, probablemente has escuchado sobre la Ciudad de México. Y luego tenemos otra en el set. Esa era la que todo sucedió en el tiempo de 10 días. Lo que sucedió de esto es que en la Ciudad de México, la Ciudad de México fue muy organizada, porque tuvimos la experiencia de que se construyeron, pero en lo que sucedió. Entonces, la Armia y el Departamento Federal del Departamento y la respuesta que sucedió fue muy diferente, mucho más organizada y pasada. La parte más allá de la ciudad de Mírez fue en esta área, la zona del Oaxacapec, por la parte más allá de la Ciudad de México, por lo que muchas de las provincias de Mírez están sujetas a las flores de la riga. Pero los planos no fueron realizados por esta zona. Están realizados por la Ciudad de México. Esta es la zona que estamos hablando de dentro del Black Circle. Estos planes son los más efectivos en el país de la ciudad de Mírez. Los planes han perdido aproximadamente 58% de las casas en los 5 estados de Paballón. Hay otros problemas que el área que alguien está viviendo, este es uno de los pobres áreas de México. Es confortable para los dos botones, por ejemplo, mientras... ¿Estás subiendo tus slides? Sí, no estás subiendo nada. Estamos still seeing the first river. Uh-oh. ¿Qué es lo que está pasando? Uh-oh. ¿Qué es lo que está pasando? ¿Estás subiendo nada? No, nada. Está still... Está still says that you're sharing, so it's still kind of loading. Shall I just tell you what we did? Can we go outside? Yeah, let me see if we can share. So I think... Let me see if one of us can share the screen and move the slides. I think if Paola or Maria... Okay, thank you Paola. Uh, thank you. Just keep clicking through. Yeah, we're on slide. I don't even know. They're from San Mexico. It's like gender 15 slides more. A little bit more. I'm really sorry about this. Never mind. In any case, we went to Mexico as a form the student organization which increased students at the TSE, one in the Institute of Architecture, one in Critical Conservation. I was involved as a sign in research in New Zealand. And we gathered funds from the university and from the government here in Mexico to start research with the community. So we did a part project that lasted for approximately three months and figured out that there were many needs, but particularly there was a need for the community to be producing their own information. And we worked with them to produce information that was missing in policy. I mean, that was not missing in the response in the law. So there are many things that you can check out. We have a website, I'll write it in the text. We develop a lot of practice, thesis publications, projects with women, projects with to rebuild the rubble. And we did a traveling exhibition, too. So it's it's just to say that this thing became it's noble, they do a larger project. I'm now working on it on my PhD. And I'm happy to share the website. I'm really sorry about the technological issues there. I can pass it on to you guys next time. I don't want to take it back. All right. Thank you. So now we're going to move on to Canis Miles and Tiago Payán from DSD. Hi, guys. Thank you. I will be sharing the screen now. Let me know if you guys can see that. Can you guys see it? Right. Cool. Good afternoon, my name is Canis Miles and Tiago Payán and I'm a first year student at the MDS program within the risk and resilience concentration at the GSD and I'm super honored to be here. So my presentation is titled Collecting Acts of Resilience, Resistance in Mayamón. Resilience is a scratch off to reference Maria Caica's piece Don't Call Me Resilient Again, where she argues that we should stop focusing on how to make citizens more resilient. As this would only mean that they can take more suffering, deprivation or environmental degradation in the future and focus instead on identifying the actors and processes that produce the need to build resilience in the first place. The later being something that the government of Puerto Rico can benefit from as it has relied too much on the resilience of the community instead of addressing the core problems that have forced us to be resilient. In this case, I'll be highlighting resistance in Mayamón, a Municipality of Puerto Rico, and I will be showing a very brief excerpts from my EMARC thesis and some of the work I've been doing in the MDS, expanding on the topic. So my EMARC research was focused on modern urban residences and how they have been transformed without architects. To the commercial venues we find in avenues that were not originally conceived or so for this type of social interaction. What I wanted to prove is that extra legal transformations, like the ones you see on the right, made to urban residences, like the ones you see on the left, are a form of resistance and a war of social classes within the increasingly rapid urbanization process of the US territory Puerto Rico. Now, the original model, extreme left, was mass produced in the 60s, mainly to returning war veterans and I was trying to survey how they got transformed into the images you see on the right because there is no formal documentation of these properties I had to make as builds to unpack their creative problem solving skills in response to their shortcomings and without compliance to the zoning regulations and permit processes because they simply just can't afford to hire a licensed professional. It is important to address the many vulnerabilities these residents are subjected to. Although they are owners of their properties, their transformations are in a sense extra legal because the state is not able to recognize anything that is built without the proper legal procedures, which are in itself a form of power in place. According to a former head manager of the permit management office of Puerto Rico, those zoning codes are literally adapted from the ones in the US and are purposely edited to be confusing and intimidating so that the people feel obliged to hire a professional. And so a fundamental part of my thesis was to diagram and visualize what the design parameters were requesting, the image on the left. And to my surprise, they didn't even take into consideration what is actually happening on site. So what, what can be done? In response to that, I propose an amendment to the codes that directly engages with the mixed commercial residential atmosphere of the region. There's much more to it, but here's an image of the final outcome of the intervention. And so departing a bit from formal discourses, what I've been trying to expand at the MDS courses seminars is trying to map those acts of resistance to really unpack broader arguments concerning social political issues of post-colonial conflicts and the political economy of space. From the original model, built exactly 10 years after the first ever concrete urbanization en Puerto Rico, we are able to get an insight on many extra legalities that the people resort to in order to transform their properties. But most of them being about diversifying their finances in order to keep up with the bureaucratic processes and economic struggles that the island has always faced, the later being what they are trying to resist. In my opinion, in order to address resistance, we must channel into advocacy as practice. So my efforts for this, was creating a radical archive that decenters the western canon of the island. The idea is to create an archive that fills the gaps of an unfinished history with undocumented fragmented stories of marginalized communities along with their bodily experiences within the architecture that is not made by architects in the oldest colony of the world. These efforts are supposed to be made in collaboration with local residents to document their house through drawing. The idea of advocating for the inclusion of the people within the same recopilation of data is fundamental for a crowdsourced archive that contests questions of class around the politics of knowledge production. And that's it for me. Thank you very much. I will stop sharing now. Thank you, Kenny. We're now moving on to GISAF student, Oscar M. Gavallero. Hello. I will start sharing. I will give it a few minutes seconds. Can you see my screen? Yes. Yes, okay, perfect. Thank you. Hello, my name is Oscar M. Gavallero. I recently graduated from the Advanced Architectural Design Master at GISAF and I'm currently practicing as an architectural designer and researcher in New York. This is self-initiated research where I explored the resilience of disembodied monuments memory and the process of urban deconstruction in my home country Nicaragua. This quote from my last studio at GISAF with Professor Galasolomonov resonated with me, thinking about the cycle of impermanence and urban deconstruction in my country. This affects sharp and critical since the re-election of Daniel Ortega in 2007, almost 15 years rule in the country now. Currently Nicaragua has been under a state of emergency since 2018 when a protest against government's reforms in the Institute of Social Security was only the start of a complete social political reckoning. Ortega's political propaganda and iconography have completely infected our media, our streets, our buildings, and even our schools where children are indoctrinated with propaganda in their history books. This dictatorial dynamic has been used to erase urban memory and rewrite it as a police. Over the last 14 years, we have witnessed the mass production of elements of propaganda in different scales of operation. A monument means nothing without a context. That's why the alienated nature of these artifacts has turned them into extensions of the regime itself. Oftentimes, as it is nothing more than parallel lapses of history in the making, a living force defining its present based on its past. In these dynamic monuments become placeholders of time, symbols of history, human achievement, and resilience. We are a country of short memory and resources even shorter. This is how Journalism Elevarajona refers to the many governments to destroy what was built by their predecessors. By 2014, three of the most important monuments in Manawa, capital of Nicaragua, were said to be demolished by the Ortega Murir regime. Regardless of the nonsense excuses and unlawful actions took to approve their demolition, there was a clear manipulation of the historic memory of the city and its relationship with Irkutsk. La Conchacustica, El Faro de la Paz, y la Rotonda Plaza Inter were turned to rubble in about a week. However, seven years later, the essence of this monument is still there, occupied by a different body, but in fact, in a part of time as a ghost memory that refuses to be forgotten. Rotonda Plaza Inter, designed by architecture and small, was one of the first ones to be destroyed. And now it's occupied by one of the most protected symbols that they would have as altar. El Faro de la Paz, designed by architect Nelson Brown, commemorated the first defeat of Ortega in the 90s and the end of the civil war, where all weapons were fused into the foundations of the lighthouse, now turning into a recreation pool. La Conchacustica, La Conchacustica evoke the momotombo volcano fire moving through the breeze of the lake Solotán. It was assigned by architect Glenn Small and commissioned by Major Herpilevites, the closest contender of Ortega for the presidency before his sudden death before elections. It is one of the few well-documented case studies, and by using traces of digital memory, I mapped a deconstruction pattern used by the regime. This process starts with the bundle de cement and addition of political iconography to the existing monument. Artifacts and propaganda are placed, attached, and even inserted into their bodies, causing serious damages to their structural stability. Since this bundle isn't missing enough, the demolition is the last resource to undo the memory. The alleged unstable structure took seven days to receive the government's heavy machinery. Many other bodies rebuilding its place as the urban landscape was shaped over the years. But to forget is not as easy anymore. Technology has amplified our collective memory to a point where the physical body of these monuments can become irrelevant through digital archives. The purpose of erasing the memory is clearly defeated by our own desire and tools to remember. But how to recognize what deserves to be remembered, either to commemorate or to never let it happen again. How to break a cycle of urban deconstruction that erases our historic memory but also worsens issues like waste, climate, and economy. Buildings can be repurposed and taken on new typologies. And on that premise I dare myself to wonder, once this regime is over, is there a way to recontextualize some of these monuments without destroying them? There are 134 still trees along the capital Manawa. Lifeless structures occupy many times space taken from nature. But what if we design a decay by nature? Then slowly we revert the scale of power and these artifacts become an infrastructure useful for the city to amend the impact of climate and drastic temperature changes over the years. What if we look at them as scaffolding structures that can nurture life? Where those artificial colors fade and the colors of nature take over? Where urban animals and birds can find a place to nest? And we can find a starting point to reconcile with our past without forgetting it's aftermath. Thank you. I have Natalia Revello from UPenn. Can everyone see the screen? Let me go with this. Okay, so I'm Natalia Revello-La Rota and I'll be presenting some of the research of my ongoing thesis project. Currently titled Designs for Autonomy, a case study of Heusogenators favelas was a speculative experiment for equitable communities. This presentation will take you briefly through my underlying research and offer a glimpse into the framework of the analysis of spatial agency of favelados. I begin this work with a comparative research of water access of Rio's planned city and for favelas, which led to the categorization of different approaches that planned city has taken towards favelas in an effort to understand the root of this inequality. To give a brief introduction, here's a comparative diagram of the flow of water in Rio. Rio's water and sewage system is like most Western urbanized areas. It is centralized. It brings water from far away and distributes it to the planned city via underground pipes, where it differs in the way and the frequency it provides water to favelas. Favelas, favelas have reported weeks and in some places even months without access to water. Others have reported that the water and the sewage get mixed, while others have to rely on water trucks to bring in a weekly ration of water. That are distributed to their cashers now. This is a met at a time when Rio's water service is slated to be privatized, which would exacerbate the existing inequality with Rio's access to water and sewage. Yet community initiatives like the water societies of Morro de Formiga provide an alternative and decentralized approach to providing water to people outside of a capitalistic model. This research helped to illuminate the unequal relationship of favelas have with the planned city, where the water acting is a demarcator of inequality that is rooted in capitalism, colonialism and racism, as well as shed light to existing alternative means to common practices. This research then branch off to the historic analysis of this relationship, where there's a long history of the planned city intervening with favelas, which are very depending on who is in power. This blueish gray shade is a part of Rio's history that directly relates to colonialism, which set up a lot of the economic and social divisions we see today. The lightest blue here is eradication, characterized by neglect and violent removals, large scale removals that are usually triggered by the preparation of mega events, such as the centennial celebration of independence, World Cup and the Olympics, generally is a way to show themselves to the world. This mid tone blue is re-urbanization, characterized by the community's location being accepted, but with an emphasis on changing how the community looks like and operates like. For example, the imposition of social housing. At times you can see that re-urbanización removal overlap, as people get shifted around to spaces are being torn down to make way for the social housing. The darkest blue is urbanization. This approach is characterized by the weaving of the community into the existing planned city, by providing infrastructure and amenities, but respecting the community's identity organization. This is best exemplified by the favela bio program. And then here the timeline ends of 2020 with the COVID-19 pandemic. When you can see a trend of resurgence of removal with Brazil's new right-wing governments and new preparations for the world stage, but also highlighting favela's longstanding approach to mutual aid and self-sufficiency, which I'm characterizing as da dentro da fora, which as you have seen has been percolating over time and growing as of now. Next I'm going to talk a little bit more about how I'm looking at spatial justice and spatial advocacy in favelas, and I'm analyzing them under four non-physical frameworks that speak to the Spatial Agency of Favelas, occupation, network, featuring, and comedy. In order to understand how these spaces function as an active resistance, it is important to understand what it is they resist. The first template begins to explore that relationship between occupation and public services based on geographic location, but also it's a lot of funding and space. And you can see how larger spaces are generally devoted to police and surveillance where smaller spaces are for health and care. This map then starts a diagram of the relationship between residents, community, and even the plant city for the development of this particular case study of Museo de la Maré and it diagrams the social relationships that created and sustained the museum. Through the use of collage and spatial analysis, I developed an analysis for how the Museo de la Maré utilizes the ideas of featuring and comedy that have made this space so important to the community of Maré. In this case study, featuring is derived from the development and celebration of a collective history of the 60 communities that make up complex la Maré. The creation of the space and its non-chronological trajectory guide the visitor through past and present struggles, collective history, and both hopes and fears for the communities of Maré. Ending the trajectory with a space of reflection. History in this case is depicted through the collection of items donated and curated by over 100 Maré residents. But the spatial organization of the case study suggests the linear motion. The creation of the exhibit frames the 12 times of Maré as a series of interrelated struggles, achievements, and celebrations that serve to acknowledge an excluded existence and inspire residents to imagine a future that includes them. Moving to comedy, the museum exemplifies this by the various activities of development of social, academic, and economic nature that take place here. Most programming here being free of charge and reflective of the needs of the community. The collage here demonstrates a plurality of events that take place here ranging from celebration to protest, to education, and more, all with shared resources and knowledge in common. And with the ability to transform space as needed and support the development of autonomous communities. This and other examples that I've been studying through this research demonstrate the vibrant spatial agency of our allows and how their alternative approach to providing resources support and even support and even governing have resulted in more just and equitable process to address challenges that make the plants that the plant city has failed to do. This itself is the argument that my design thesis makes as I explore architecture as a collaborative engaged approach to support the existence of the work in favelas. Thank you. Thank you, Analia. We will now go to Hilary Morales Robles from UPenn. Thank you. Hola a todos. Thank you for attending. I'm going to start. So it is part of your memories of celebrating holidays such as new years in your neighborhood or your homes surrounded by your loved ones. Fireworks are a symbol celebration, hope or the dream of beginning a new chapter and attempts to leave something behind in our lives. You might be wondering what it has to do for the civilians. The truth is this video. The truth is this video does not mark a national holiday for us. I filmed this video in December 2017 when my town, Tabaja all the neighbors got back electricity, communication access, portable water and food security. It was a December three months after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico. The fireworks became a symbol of the end of the chapter of uncertainty and fear that reflected the long-term community of resistance against governmental management failure. My coastal hometown, Tabaja, was the first municipality to be declared a state of emergency during Hurricane. My post-war concrete model home suffered minor damages compared to my close friends who lived just a six miles away from my house. My friends experienced a significant loss with the ocean devastated the old housing constructed in the flood zone. Yes, old houses. American preservation ordinances consider historic buildings built over 50 years. The coastal area of Tabaja is one of the largest post-war plant communities in Puerto Rico developed by Levitt and Sons in 1963. The Levitt and post-war plant community was supposed to be a model of the American dream. A dream that transformed into the Puerto Rican nightmare. My name is Celery Morales Robles. I'm a research assistant of climate change in heritage and a dual master degree student in history preservation architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. I've read the creation of my hometown kind of pack several layers of complexities of existing buildings stuck in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico architecture are spaces of everyday lives, shelters of protection against hurricanes and earthquakes and spaces rotating culture and local identities. Today, I want to share a list of sustainable preservation design challenges and opportunities based on my experience. Not only as a Caribbean and Puerto Rican but as a community member, activist, designer, preservationist and an assistant learner. Also through a series of case studies policy certifications and design exploration from the last five years. So I want to start first with the first challenge is sustainable design practices. Are design professionals passive capitalist servants or are we active social cultural actors? For a long term, designers work for the private sector in my personal belief sustainable practice needs to understand or work with different levels of governance and unnecessary power. Who has it, how they're using it and for what purpose. This is my experience in Ecuador in 2016 I work in a disaster relief project after the earthquake and we work alongside with the community and the public government to create a series of interventions across the coastline for economic revitalization process. Oh, sorry. We work with 300 architects and it was an incredible experience of community integration. We need to understand community on its own, they are a system they are the first responders against climate change. We are with the community integration our work together we can develop a series of opportunities to fight against the climate and protect our heritage at the same time which leads to the second issue of place in preservation. It's measuring the impact of diversity equity and inclusion to ensure outreach and engagement. These are our experts in process, not in culture. So in order to understand these goals it's most being to implement the theories of social justice distributive, participative and restorative tool for community participation through interviews and surveys but we need to understand these challenges also we need to ensure to give back something to the community and I use them as experiments for personal agendas. There's also an identification of lack of organizing or no proper organizations that responds to preservation protection. Third, sustainability, preservation and design values are completely separated. I think it's a huge opportunity for us here in this conference to talk about how pro-disciplinary action can help us to create a more sustainable project in the future or political ideologies and colonial heritage issues. I made a dissertation in undergrad. Oh, I didn't realize this issue. I'm so sorry guys. I did a dissertation in undergrad that made an observation in how a white elephant building, spakian and demolition criteria are based on ideological, political idea power. This is an example of a historic building Puerto Rico. It's the old train station in Osajuán that was constructed under the Spanish Empire and got demolished after attempts of reshaping our colonial status to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. As a sign of modernity, it was constructed this parking instead. This is an interesting point of topic I talk about in how political ideologies can destroy and erase our heritage. 5. Marques for demolition and by neglect and inevitable loss. I think climate and politics overall can affect our selection of heritage by thinking about how here it came to demolish that completely demolishes property in Osajuán or the earthquake in Ponce in Musa de Amasacre in Ponce. But also thinking about developers and the lack of regulation policy. This is an example of a C. Perle. This happened during the aftermath de la Hurricane Maria en 2017 y no había regulaciones sobre proteger esta heritage. No es histórico, lo que podemos ver es una escena de la escena de la cual un artista que también hizo una escena de la escena de la Capilla de San José y la Villa de Osajuán se puede traducir pero me siento muy desgraciada. Pero es una de las posibilidades y tenemos que pensar que es una de las posibilidades que estamos sufriendo en Latinoamérica es que nuestra heritage se transforma en los productos capitalistas de la comodidad. 6. Un riesgo de asesoramiento y también oportunidades de preservación. Es un niño que está en Antonio, Texas donde esto ha sido un desgraciado de construcciones históricas. Pero tenemos que entender que los grandes construcciones no son iguales sobre la sustentabilidad y en realidad la sustentabilidad realiza en proteger nuestra heredad. Hay un reporte hecho de la economía de Plata. RIPCMA ha explicado que las districciones históricas no crean la gentrificación o el desplazamiento. Era una nueva construcción. Entonces, ¿por qué oportunidades que tenemos en nuestras districciones históricas para mantener la affordabilidad y para mantener nuestra heredad? 7. Pasos de exploración y turismo. Esa es la principal situación en Puerto Rico, creo que a todos. No sé cómo las actividades turísticas son completamente desgraciadas en la desgracia de nuestra heredad material, nuestras estrellas con básicamente nuestras estrellas colombianas completamente ruedas pero también la seguridad pública cuando las actividades turísticas nos afectan por la COVID-19 y las restricciones. Entonces, esto es todo lo que tenemos ahora cómo crear una política que controla su comportamiento en las districciones históricas en América Latina. 6. Esta es una de mis principales exploraciones de diseñadores de la integridad histórica en proyectos de adaptación. Este es un proyecto que hice hace dos años en Redhout en Brooklyn. Es un sitio que también está en el agua. Es un comienzo que ha sido que recibió los daños de Hurricane Sandy y me encontré con cómo debería intervenir contra el agua que debería mantener la integridad que no es un bonito proyecto, supongo pero creo que no es la pregunta que quiero llevar a la mesa es de cuánto podemos hacer una arquitectura para los diseñadores para dejar nuestra escena porque es como nuestra academia es importante a nosotros. Y también para la integridad histórica de nuestras construcciones. También pensando sobre cómo podemos implementar la casa para los niveles de mises, pero también espacios para la integración de la comunidad. Creo que hay muchas complexidades en la adaptación. Y tenemos esta oportunidad para implementar las medidas de environmentally y sustentabilidad también. 9. Esta es la idea de Fasal. Creo que tanto la presuración y la arquitectura son las mismas cuestiones que se enfocan tanto por la casa y la encabezada. He estado haciendo research sobre cómo implementar las medidas para las herramientas para las adaptaciones más sustentables. El CA y otros sistemas pueden pensar en más espacios y en más espacios más confortables. Así que trying to find the balance between qualitative and quantitative information to create more comfortable spaces for the future. A la final is mis opportunities of vernacular sustainable practice. As I mentioned, community are resistance. They know how to deal with climate. En Puerto Rico we have this subculture called the Híbaros, which means indigenous people of the forest. And they created as a full engineering techniques around hurricane shelters that we can explore and use this knowledge to adapt our existing building stock against the climate. This is my current thesis project so it's like still new to the table. So what are the challenges and opportunities I think what I just mentioned is not even half of the problems. Also the issues about ownership in preservation, thinking about world heritage site nominations and how to impact tourism and for example, Machu Picchu en Peru as an example or concept of justification in our islands. There's so many issues. But thank you so much. I'm going to stop right now. Thank you, Híbari. And thank you for also trying to answer some of the questions from the topic. I can stop sharing for some. I'm panicking. Don't worry. Can you talk to me please? It doesn't let you. It doesn't let you want to share? I don't know what it is. My apologies. Oh, there you go. Thank you. Thank you. Now we're going to move on to Alice Fang and Luis Miguel Pizano from GISA. Can you see the screen? Yes. Awesome. Good afternoon everyone. We are Alice Fang and Luis Miro Pizano. We are graduate students in the Master of Architecture program at Columbia's Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Preservation. And co-directors of Latin GSAB. I am a designer from São Paulo, Brazil, and Luis Miguel is a Mexican designer based in Brooklyn, New York. Today we are presenting Factor of Infrastructure, which envieses the future obsolescence of prisons. We would like to acknowledge that this project was born out of a specific time and place which predates many of the conversations that Luis Miguel and I had regarding of the role of a restorative justice in broader systems that facilitate racism and oppression in the United States. The project has since evolved, directing our research to policies beyond restoration towards abolition. This is part of an ongoing project on climate justice, criminal justice, and equity entitled Beyond Restorative Justice What does a Prisoner's America look like? Our project preempts climatic changes instrumentalizing trees to fracture the architecture of distant future facility. The programmatic focus of the facility shifts from common data reformation in the 25 years near future to voluntary rehabilitation in the 50 year distant future. Our project sources climate resilient native tree species to enhance sensory engagement protect against heat gain, wind and noise, and regulate climate conditions. The drip line of these trees delineates the architecture and the maturity defines the project phases. This strategy follows our own new method for the study of holding facilities coined thermal density based on ashram variables on radiant temperature, air temperature, and humidity. In the floor plans to darken the area the less climatic adaptive it is. We concluded that the current prison infrastructure will fail to adapt to climatic changes in the future. We recognize that the restorative justice model allows environmentally just facilities to prosper. Extensive research suggests that the shift from retribution to restoration will result in the embedded prison microclimate. Lowering the incidence of violence he related illnesses and received disease. We believe that focusing on voluntary habilitations makes moral operational economic sense. The restorative justice model proposes a framework for conference-based rehabilitation. All parties involved can work through the offense in a collective circle that also invites the community. Studying on the substation along the commission electric corridor we propose a 10 by 10 grid for new foundations that avoids existing substations foundations. Revonside is processed into ground earth to patch the holes for future tree planting. The thermal density on the system is designed to improve as it constructs construction progress. In phase one, trees are planted on the nursery grounds and construction begins. In phase two, trees begins to be moved and the first facility is completed through a concrete and wind modular construction. In phase three, trees are harvested and ramp earth is removed and packed along the drip line boundary. In phase four, the tree planting cycle begins and the second facility emerges through the addition of CO2 source from the nursery. This creates an underground network that feeds the equitable spaces above ground and affirms the role of the tree as an organizing agent and climate controller. Our network approach spans from the micro to the macro scale. Development of this dual future facility network unfolds on the electrical substations as Alice already pointed out. We focused on the substation closest to urban Newberg, this is in New York, which offers direct engagement with local communities. Starting in phase two, the tree nursery takes over the grounds of the corridor and the court mandated reformation facility is built onto the substation. In phases three and four, the tree nursery extends into the neighboring site as the voluntary rehabilitation facility emerges from the fracture of the court mandated reformation units. The voluntary rehabilitation facility consists of an aggregation of restorative justice blocks, a courtyard based system that fosters community, accountability and trust. The three essential parts of the block are the restorative justice center, residential unit and connective wellness core producing a continuous loop. The architecture of phase two is constructed to fracture alongside building functions that will become obsolete. For example, the central security room which prioritizes the visibility of users to the security officers transforms into a treated community courtyard while the broken fragments that anchor individual kitchenettes are repurposed into a shared community kitchen. Each of these parts originates from pinched residential module that includes a bedroom, full bathroom and access to private courtyard. The phase four also introduces a wellness core which connects vertically and offers therapy and recreation space. Gradients of privacy are produced by the orientation of vertical wood slats which negotiate between public and private spaces. The tree nursery and substation network are the raw materials for a cross laminated timber business. Its cyclical harvesting produces better climate regulation and sustainable construction materials as well as learning and work opportunities for the users of the restorative justice block. The harvesting and development rights of the corridor land are managed by a proposed public-private partnership between what would be the rehabilitation network, the CLT business and a future high-voltage community land trust which would ensure democratic stewardship of as-of-right land use. In contrast to the conventional extractive model of prison labor, work opportunities offered by the partnership to facility users and the community at large are designed to be inclusive and career-oriented with hourly salaries above minimum wage and prospects for professional certification. In addition to being the source material for the rehabilitation and business networks, the trees define the threshold between individual and community spaces. There are a range of security strategies along the site perimeter from tightly monitored to highly porous. We've tailored the form to its security needs through the manipulation of trees and landscape. As the facility transitions, the security softens from slat-paced fences to berm formations that assist in stormwater retention. This water system is built into the assembly of the residential block through the addition of prefab awnings and integrated gutters that collect and drain water to feed the underground cistern and irrigate the nursery. We would like to conclude our presentation by questioning how we engage with problematic and obsolescent infrastructures in order to foster the development of resilient communities and climatically resilient frameworks. We believe that architects can no longer stand behind neutrality in order to remove themselves from these conversations. Instead, we must acknowledge that which we know and that which we don't know in order to bridge a path into these discussions. Thanks so much for having us, everyone, and have a great day. Thank you. Thank you, Luis Annaliz. We will now move to our final presenter of this session, Andreina Salinas-Sejas, from GSD. Thank you. Hi, everyone. Just one second. I'm going to share my screen. Can you see the presentation? Yes. Yes, okay. I'll stop sharing. Okay. Great. So, hello, everyone. My name is Andreina Sejas. I'm very happy to be here. I, as part of my doctoral studies at the Harvard GSD, I specialized in nighttime governance and planning or the tools and strategies that cities have to manage life at night. This presentation will draw from my studies as well as from some of my current work. Night studies is a relatively new field that has been growing significantly over the past 30 years, but only recently from an urban planning perspective. In temporal terms, a city's economy can be categorized into the daytime economy, the nighttime economy, and the 24-hour economy. The most used definition of the nighttime economy refers to urban activities take place between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. And it has two dimensions, nighttime production, or those who work at night, and nighttime consumption related to leisure and entertainment. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the nighttime economy has been among one of the most affected sectors. While social distancing is a spatial concept, it also has had very important temporal implications. Curfews and lockdowns have been imposed around the world, leading not only to massive closures and job losses, but also to great confusion and the stigmatization of the night as a space where most infections occur. For the first time ever, New York City subway stopped running 24 hours and Berlin, a city that hadn't had a curfew since 1949, saw its vibrant and creative night scene come to a halt. The contemporary notion of urban governance refers to the process through which public and private resources are coordinated by a wide range of actors in the pursuit of collective interests. Similarly, nighttime governance refers to the broad and growing cast of actors that have become involved in managing the city at night. While the police continues to play a central role in this task, there has been a gradual incorporation of other states, as well as non-state actors. This refers to official trading bodies, best practice schemes, square guardians, and negotiated agreements, which point towards a trend towards collaborative governance at night. In recent years, a new actor has emerged, the nightmare. In 2018, along with my colleague, Merrick Milan, we embarked on a study, a comprehensive study on the relevance and the significance of the role of the nightmare from an urban governance perspective. And you might be wondering, what is a nightmare? Essentially, nightmares, nighttime offices, offices of nightlife, nighttime ambassadors have been proliferating over the past 15 years around the world. And this is a map that we put together for the study. What we identify that there's variations in this role, but essentially, what all these offices have in common is that nightmares are mediators between three actors. You have the city government on one hand, residents, and the nighttime economy. Today, there are more than 50 cities that have appointed these offices. And in Latin America, the first one to do this was Cali, in Colombia, followed by Valparaiso, in Chile. Also relevant groups and grassroots initiatives have emerged in cities like Asunción Paraguay and San Luis Potosí in Mexico. And more recently, cities like Bogotá en Colombia, considering the possibility of starting an office of nightlife. Since we published this study, more and more cities have joined this trend. And particularly now, in the context of the pandemic, to help cities handle the massive impacts of this lockdowns that I was talking about before. If you're curious about this phenomenon, you can access this interactive map by visiting nighttime.org slash map, where you can actually see which other offices have been joining over the past two years. In this context, the COVID crisis has posed a very important question. So how resilient are nocturnal institutions and ecosystem? The night is a key space to socialize and imposing curfews won't restrict social interactions from happening after dark. As a matter of fact, these restrictions have led to informal gatherings, such as illegal parties and concerts that have become super spreader events. So instead of cancelling the night, cities should act as enablers of safe spaces to work for work as well as for socialization. In New York City, for instance, flexible sidewalk and alcohol regulations have allowed restaurants to accommodate more customers and new business models to emerge. But this is just one example and one of many examples of resilience. A year ago, a large group of academics, experts, practitioners and advocates we came together to work on what we call the global nighttime recovery plan. And this is a series of chapters that gather practices and solutions to reactivate and recover night scenes in the context of the pandemic. To end, I'm going to share three lessons learned about nighttime resilience and that we have obtained from this collaborative work in which I'm very happy to be part of the editorial team. The first lesson is that cities need proactive rather than reactive policies to manage life at night and particularly in context of crisis. Today, there hasn't been a single study that points out a strong correlation between curfews and a reduction of COVID infections. That said, we need more studies to gather data that can better inform policymaking. As an example, online surveys are a useful method to gather data on the impact of COVID and nighttime work such as the one we did last year in Tegucigalpa, Honduras as part of a study with the Interamerican Development Bank. The second lesson is that cities need to diversify the pool of actors responsible for enforcing social distancing measures, not only the police. An example is Amsterdam's Square Host's program. It's a group of volunteers at patrol night light districts to help de-escalate violence and conflict and nowadays they also remind people to keep their distance and to wear masks. And finally, this is a great opportunity to test new models of socialization. Cities like Amsterdam and Barcelona there are scientists holding experiments to test safer ways to resume concerts and massive events. And in Bogotá, the city is planning several pilot projects to reactivate its nighttime activities such as restaurants shops and also logistics. So I hope these ideas will invite planners and policy makers to see the night not as a threat but rather as a space to reimagine safer more inclusive and resilient cities under the new normal. Thank you. Thank you, Andréina and thank you to all the students for presenting this wonderful work. And it's really fascinating to see how everyone's approach sort of overlaps and see how people blend together the Tremorsillian in relation to political aspects cultural resilience and environmental. For the sake of time we're going to we're going to ask the students and presenters answer some of the questions of the Q&A themselves through the Q&A section and we're going to wrap up this session to move on to our next session where we will see two case studies in community-based projects in South America y discuss strategic actions for tangible transformative change and embracing resilience in diversity. And also we will share some of the all of the links and contacts for the students and for everyone who wants to reach out to the students and talk about their work. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much for this has been very good.