 So good afternoon. We're going to talk about the anthropological and biochemical analysis from the Neolithic Necropolis of Campo de Joque, San Fernando, Cadiz, Spain. The archaeological site of Campo de Joque is located at the south of Spain in the Bay of Cadiz. Descarpation was carried out between 2007 and 2008. We can say that this necropolis is very special, because we documented a new type of funerary manifestation now in the south of Spain. As you can see in this picture, 6,000 years ago, the Bay of Cadiz was composed by different islands, and the archaeological site of Campo de Joque was located in the island of San Fernando. The settlement is clearly divided into three areas, a production and storage area in the middle, a domestic area in the upper part, and an extensive necropolis in the lower part. About the chronology, we have dated this settlement between the end of the 5th millennium and the beginning of the 4th millennium before Christ. We can say that Campo de Joque is one of the earliest permanent settlements in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. About the necropolis, we have excavated an extensive necropolis with 74 individuals in 59 tombs. About the tipology of the grave, there are 48 single burials where the corpses were placed on fetal position or on the right or left side. And there are 11 multiple burials with a maximum of four bodies in two tombs. We have identified eight different types of funerary structures, types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, very simple burials, whereas types 6, 7, and 8 are more elaborated burials. These remarkable tombs represent only the 5% of the total. About the type number eight, we can consider these two megalithic structures, composed of a circular pit excavated in the geological level and covered by a mound composed of a slab of medium and large size. Furthermore, this structure is delimited by a perimeter length, 1.15 meters wide, and more or less 10 meters in diameter. About the grave goods, we have documented two types of grave goods, a sort of product we call a sort of product to the objects that are not needed in everyday life and have an a lot of origin. And we have also documented grave goods with a functional and ornamental character, like for example, bone needles, bone pendant, shell neck legs, et cetera. About the sort of product, we can highlight the presence of Polish axes with an a lot of origin, blade of flint, bed of birchite and turquoise, and we have also documented three amber beds. The majority of the grave goods have appeared in situ in the original position, and thanks to that, we can know the accurate function of some of these objects. A lot of the physical anthropology, we can advance that we have identified 74 individuals in 59 tombs. There are 56 adults, 16 men, eight women, and 32 in the children, and 18 sub-adults. About the typology of the grave, there are 48 single burials, and the rest, I have said before, 11, are multiple burials, nine doubles, and two quadruple. This is very important, the morphological description of the population is one of the most important characteristic, the robusticity of this population. This robusticity can be observed in some part of the school and in the large bones. We have also observed a sexual demorphism between men and women, men are more robust than the women. And another important information about the physical anthropology is the documentation in the most important tomb, type number eight. The documentation of interpersonal violence, we have identified two clearly differentiated individuals, both individuals are adults, males, and present pretty more than school injuries. These two individuals died at different moments, and the circumstances surrounding the death of both individuals were very similar. Both obtained a male, the injuries suffered by both located in the school, and were affected by a similar object. And in both cases, the force applied was enough to cause the death. We can't prove that this was the result of a ritual sacrificial practice, but both individuals were given the similar burial treatment. So good afternoon, everybody. I would like to start giving thanks to the organizer of this session for setting this paper, organizer of the conference, and also to my colleague Eduardo for letting us work in these very exciting projects. So I'm gonna explain two different biochemical techniques, one done by myself and another one done by a colleague, which is not present here, but I will present it on his behalf. So we did a stabilizing analysis for two purposes, for diet and also for mobility, but what I'm gonna present in today is the other diet results. So we did sampling, we did it obviously based on the minimal number of individuals and having considering of the age on the sex of the individuals. I have to say that this is the first phase of the project and then we are now enlarging the sampling strategy and considering more individual to have the whole picture of the entire necropolis. So for this reason, we were basing on this minimal number in the individual and we sample, well, half a gram of bone power, but also same tooth from the same individual for the mobility analysis, which are coming out in the future. That's what we will have in the future, both data for all the individuals. So we tested different areas to get an idea of the whole necropolis and how these results can, what can they tell us? So this was following standard methodologies and protocol already established by Bocherens et al. And we did everything in our laboratory at Tuvingen University at the Department of Geology and these are the results. So what we can see here, I'm not gonna get very deep into the method because that would require me a lot of time, but we base our analysis based on the collaging of the individual, which is the average of the last years of the individual life. For this reason, we sample humans, but also the fauna. So the fauna is given a different position of the trophic chain. So we will have the herbivores, the carnivores. So we sample different kind of animals that are present thankfully at this necropolis. So we sample some obi-cabrit, bobit, sweets, carnage, rabbit, also some wild animals such as serbus or lynx. And then we establish a different chain. So we will have here all the herbivores. So we have here the carnivores. And then we have the humus, which are all these blue ones. So what we can see here, these are the average for the carbon for the nitrogen is that we have two different groups. So one group, which is more negative here on the, sorry, more positive here on the carbon and more increase onto the nitrogen, which is showing some input of marine or seafood consumption. And then we have some other that are here relying on C3 plants and terrestia herbivores. So both different individuals and comporting differently within these necropolis. So so far at this first sample strategy, we didn't see any difference based on the sex or the age of the individuals. That's why we're enlarging and now we're enlarging even including the sabbatuts because all the things that we can develop with this method is for example, the breastfeeding and the weaning process. So this is something that we are currently working on. Then the other method of analysis is mercury analysis and I'm explaining this on behalf of our colleague, Steve Ensley from North Carolina University. Same he was doing the sampling strategy based on the minimum number of individual and actually we were sampling the same individual for isotopes and the same for this content of mercury. We were doing a mechanical cutting of sample. He was doing a manual. But basically it was the same method. So they were starting bond power while he has prepared here how the method is and how this works which you can really and basically it was removing the outer part of the bond by drilling and getting this bond power that you can see here on the right. So then there is a specific mercury analyzer device which measure the content of mercury in bond power which is established there. And he has been working for a long time in Iberia in many different archaeological sites and well, it's a standard methodology also and here you can see the different method that he's using and there is a strong component analytic component for testing the HG distribution and this is what the result show, okay? So there were 19 barriers analyzed and it was mainly based on three bonds. So humerus, humantiva, upper versus lower limbs because that is in relation now to the results. And well, what we can see in these results is that the content of mercury was really low for most of these individuals. Seven of them has higher concentration on the upper limbs versus some of them on the lower limbs but in general it was a very low concentration. So just as a general conclusions of this talk including all the different research lines that are currently in process which are a lot of things. We have dates from these necropolis and there are more dates coming now in the process which is dated between the fifth and the fourth millennium. There is a total of 59 graves and Eduardo have very nicely explained the different typology of these graves. So 48, it's a sum of individual graves so it's 81% of the graves, nine double graves and two quadruple graves. So amounting a total of 74 individuals and I have to say that most of them are in a really well state of preservation. So for collagen they are really working quite well for dating but also for a stable isotope analysis. There's something very interesting and you have already seen that we have documented this exotic product in these very remarkable terms and this is something that we were analyzing in detail. And also there's another characteristic which for biothelotic analysis is quite intriguing is that the robusticity of this population. So there are some really marked sexual demorphins between males and females and this has been obvious of a master's station. Then there are some pathologies that have been analyzed and some trauma with some of these pre-mortem school injuries and there's a summary of the stable isotope analysis on the carbon nitrogen as explained. There are two different groups, one of them relying more on terrestrial and C3 plant sources versus another one which is incorporating already some marine and seafood input. So of these seven barriers that we analyzed for stable isotope and for mercury content, they have very low concentration and the interpretation for that is that they were not using or processing directly in a bar. So mercury have come from another thing and one of the hypothesis will be the methi-mercury so in seafood content and that's in relation with our result in diet. So the one who has this input on marine has the lower, sorry, the high concentration in mercury. This is something that we are now investigating and with this second sampling looking forward to for these results. And also there is another very interesting thing that there is no age, neither sex, barrier location, any pattern location in the entire necropolis. That's all, so thank you very much for your attention.