 CHAPTER XI PART II I was seated with my wife and Fritz beneath the shade of the veranda, engaged in wicker work, and chatting pleasantly, when suddenly Fritz got up, advanced the step or two, gazing fixedly along the avenue which led from Jackal River, then he exclaimed, I see something so strange in the distance, Father, what in the world can it be? First it seems to be drawn in coils on the ground like a cable, then up rises as if it were a little mast, then that sinks, and the coils move along again. It is coming toward the bridge. My wife took alarm at this description, and, calling the other boys, retreated into the cave, where I desired them to close up the entrances and keep watch with firearms at the upper windows. These were openings we had made in the rock at some elevation, reached within by steps, and a kind of gallery which passed along the front of the rooms. Fritz remained by me while I examined the object through my spyglass. It is, as I feared, an enormous serpent, cried I. It advances directly this way, and we shall be placed in the greatest possible danger, for it will cross the bridge to a certainty. May we not attack it, Father? exclaimed the brave boy. Only with the greatest caution returned I. It is far too formidable and too tenacious of life for us rashly to attempt its destruction. Thank God we are at Rockburg, where we can keep in safe retreat while we watch for an opportunity to destroy this frightful enemy. Go up to your mother now and assist in preparing the firearms. I will join you directly, but I must further observe the monster's movements. Fritz left me unwilling, while I continued to watch the serpent, which was of gigantic size, and already much too near the bridge to admit of the possibility of removing that means of access to our dwelling. I recollected, too, how easily it would pass through the walls. The reptile advanced with writhing and undulatory movements, from time to time rearing its head to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, and slowly turning it about, as though on the lookout for prey. As it crossed the bridge, with a slow suspicious motion, I withdrew, and hastily rejoined my little party, which was preparing to garrison our fortress in warlike array, but with considerable trepidation, which my presence served in a measure to allay. We placed ourselves at the upper openings, after strongly barricading everything below, and ourselves unseen awaited with beating hearts the further advance of the foe, which speedily became visible to us. Its movements appeared to become uncertain, as though puzzled by the trace of human habitation. It turned in different directions, coiling and uncoiling, and frequently rearing its head, but keeping about the middle of the space in front of the cave, when suddenly, as though unable to resist doing so, one after another the boys fired, and even their mother discharged her gun. The shots took not the slightest effect beyond startling the monster, whose movements were accelerated. Fritz and I also fired with steadier aim, but with the same want of success for the monster, passing on with a gliding motion, entered the reedy marsh to the left, and entirely disappeared. A wonderful weight seemed lifted from our hearts, while all eagerly discussed the vast length and awful though magnificent appearance of the serpent. I had recognized it as the boa constrictor. It was a vast specimen, upward of thirty feet in length. I explained to the children that its name in South America is Boa Guaku, the first syllable of that word with the Latin addition, which indicates that it kills its prey by pressure, or constriction, gives the name by which it is commonly known. The near neighborhood of this terrific reptile occasioned me the utmost anxiety, and I desired that no one should leave the house on any pretense whatever, without my express permission. During three whole days we were kept in suspense and fear, not daring to stir above a few hundred steps from the door, although during all that time the enemy showed no sign of his presence. In fact, we might have been induced to think the boa had passed across the swamp, and found his way by some cleft or chasm through the wall of cliffs beyond, had not the restless behavior of our geese and ducks given proof that he still lurked in the thicket of reeds which they were accustomed to make their nightly resting place. They swam anxiously about, and with much clapping of wings and disturbed cackling showed their uneasiness, finally taking wing they crossed the harbour and took up their quarters on Shark Island. My embarrassment increased as time passed on. I could not venture to attack with insufficient force a monstrous and formidable serpent concealed in dense thickets amidst dangerous swamps, yet it was dreadful to live in a state of blockade, cut off from all the important duties in which we were engaged, and shut up with our animals in the unnatural light of the cave, enduring constant anxiety and perturbation. Out of this painful state we were at last delivered by none other than our good old simple-hearted donkey, not, however, by the exercise of a praiseworthy quality, such as the vigilance of the time-honored geese of the capital, but by sheer stupidity. Our situation was rendered the more critical from having no great stock of provisions or fodder for the animals, and the hay failing us on the evening of the third day I determined to set them at liberty by sending them, under guidance of fritz, across the river at the ford. He was to ride lightfoot, and they were to be fastened together until safely over. Next morning we began to prepare for this by tying them in a line, and while so engaged my wife opened the door, when old Grizzle, who was fresh and frolicsome after the long rest and regular feeding, suddenly broke away from the halter, cut some awkward capers, then bolting out careened at full gallop straight for the marsh. In vain we called him by name. Fritz would even have rushed after him, had not I held him back. In another moment the ass was close to the thicket, and with the cold shutter of horror we beheld the snake rear itself from its lair, the fiery eyes glanced around, the dark deadly jaws opened widely, the forked tongue darted greedily forth, poor Grizzle's fate was sealed. Becoming aware on a sudden of his danger, he stopped short, spread out all four legs, and set up the most piteous and discordant brave at ever-rung echo from the rocks. Swift and straight as a fencer's thrust the destroyer was upon him, wound round him, entangled and folded compressed him, all the while cunningly avoiding the convulsive kicks of the agonized animal. A cry of horror arose from the spectators of this miserable tragedy. Shoot him, Father! Oh, shoot him! Do save, poor Grizzle! My children, it is impossible, cried I. Our old friend is lost to us forever. I have hopes, however, that when gorged with his prey we may be able to attack the snake with some chance of success. But the horrible wretch is never going to swallow him all at once, Father! cried Jack. That will be too shocking. Snakes have no grinders, but only fangs. Therefore they cannot chew their food and must swallow it whole. But although the idea is startling, it is not really more shocking than the rending, tearing, and shedding of blood which occurs when the lions and tigers seize their prey. But, said Franz, how can the snake separate the flesh from the bones without teeth? And is this kind of snake poisonous? No, dear child, said I, only fearfully strong and ferocious, and it has no need to tear the flesh from the bones. It swallows them, skin, hair, and all, and digests everything in its stomach. It seems utterly impossible that the broad ribs, the strong legs, hoofs, and all should go down that throat, exclaimed Fritz. Only see, I replied, how the monster deals with his victim. Closer and more tightly he curls his crushing folds. The bones give way. He is kneading him into a shapeless mass. He will soon begin to gorge his prey, and slowly but surely it will disappear down that distended maw. The mother, with little Franz, found the scene all too horrible, and hastened into the cave, trembling and distressed. To the rest of us there seemed a fearful fascination in the dreadful sight, and we could not move from the spot. I expected that the boa, before swallowing his prey, would cover it with saliva to aid in the operation, although it struck me that its very slender forked tongue was about the worst possible implement for such a purpose. It was evident to us, however, that this popular idea was erroneous. The act of lubricating the mass must have taken place during the process of swallowing, certainly nothing was applied beforehand. This wonderful performance lasted from seven in the morning until noon. When the awkward morsel was entirely swallowed, the serpent lay stiff, distorted, and apparently insensible along the edge of the marsh. I felt that now or never was the moment for attack. Calling on my sons to maintain their courage and presence of mind, I left our retreat with a feeling of joyous emotion quite new to me, and approached with rapid steps and leveled gun the outstretched form of the serpent. Fritz followed me closely. Jack, somewhat timidly, came several paces behind, while Ernest, after a little hesitation, remained where he was. The monster's body was stiff and motionless, which made its rolling and fiery eyes and the slow spasmodic undulations of its tail more fearful by contrast. We fired together, and both balls entered the skull, the light of the eye was extinguished, and the only movement was in the further extremity of the body, which rolled, writhed, coiled, and lashed from side to side. Advancing closer, we fired our pistols directly into its head. A convulsive quiver ran through the mighty frame, and the boa constrictor lay dead. As we raised a cry of victory, Jack, desirous of a share in the glory of conquest, ran close to the creature, firing his pistol into its side, when he was sent sprawling over and over by a movement of its tail, excited to a last galvanic effort by the shot. Being in no way hurt, he speedily recovered his feet, and declared he had given it its quietess. I hope the terrible noise you made just now was the signal of victory, said my wife, drawing near, with the utmost circumspection, and holding fronts tightly by the hand. I was half afraid to come, I assure you. See this dreadful creature dead at our feet, and let us thank God that we have been able to destroy such an enemy. What's to be done with him now? asked Jack. Let us get him stuffed, said Fritz, and set him up in the museum among our shells and corals. Did anybody ever think of eating serpents? inquired Franz. Of course not, said his mother. Why, child, serpents are poisonous. It would be very dangerous. Excuse me, my dear wife, said I. First of all, the boa is not poisonous, and then, besides that, the flesh of even poisonous snakes can be eaten without danger, as, for instance, the rattlesnake, from which can be made a strong and nourishing soup, tasting very like good chicken broth. Of course, the cook must be told to throw away the head containing the deadly fangs. It is remarkable that pigs do not fear poisonous snakes, but can kill and eat them without injury. An instance of this occurs in my memory. A vessel on Lake Superior in North America was wrecked on a small island abounding in rattlesnakes, and for that reason uninhabited. The vessel had a cargo of live pigs. The crew escaped to the mainland in a boat, but the pigs had to be left for some time till the owner could return to fetch them, but with a small hope of finding many alive. To his surprise the animals were not only alive, but remarkably fat and flourishing, while not a single rattlesnake remained on the island. The pigs had clearly eaten the serpents. But might not some other cause have been assigned for their disappearance, asked Ernest? Suppose, for example, that a great flight of secretary birds had arrived, they might have cleared the island of rattlesnakes. Oh, what is a secretary bird, interrupted Franz. I thought a secretary meant a man who wrote letters. So it does, Franz, and the bird Ernest spoke of has curious long feathers, projecting from either side of its head, something like pens stuck behind a man's ear, hence its name. It is perfectly true that it lives on snakes, lizards, toads, and frogs, but Ernest, I cannot give up my pigs. For, in the first place, the secretary bird is an inhabitant of southern Africa, and is never seen in North America. Neither does it ever fly in a flock. Still, so ravenous is its appetite that, no doubt, even one or two, had they by some miracle found themselves on Lake Superior, would have been able to give a very good account of the deadly reptiles, and at least shared in the glory of their extermination. My wife, having gone to prepare dinner, we continued talking as we rested in the shade of some rocks, near the serpent, for a considerable time. The open air was welcome to us after our long imprisonment, and we were, besides, desirous to drive off any birds of prey who might be attracted to the carcass, which we wished to preserve entire. My boys questioned me closely on the subject of serpents in general, and I described to them the action of the poison fangs, how they folded back on the sides of the upper jaw, and how the poison-secreting glands and reservoir are found at the back and sides of the head, giving to the venomous serpents that peculiar width of head, which is so unfailing a characteristic. The fangs are hollow, said I, and when the creature bites, the pressure forces down a tiny drop of the liquid poison, which enters the wound and, through the veins, quickly spreads over the entire system. Sometimes, if taken in time, cures are affected, but in most cases the bite of a serpent is followed by speedy death. The children were much interested in my account of the snake charmers of India, how they fearlessly handled the most deadly of the serpent tribe, the Cobra de Capello, or hooded cobra, caused them to move in time to musical sounds from a small pipe, twine the reptile about their arms and bare necks, and then, to prove that the poison fangs have not been removed, make them bite a fowl, which soon dies from the effects. How is it possible to extract the fangs, father, asked Ernest. No instrument is required, replied I. I have read an account written by a gentleman in India, who saw a snake charmer catch a large cobra in the jungle, and, for the purpose of removing the fangs, held up a cloth, at which the irritated snake flew, and the fangs being caught in it, the man seized the reptile by the throat, extracted them, and then squeezed out the poison, a clear oily substance upon a leaf. What does the rattle of the rattlesnake look like, and how does it sound? At the tip of the tail are a number of curious, loose, horny structures, formed of the same substance as the scales. A very good idea of the structure of the rattle may be formed by slipping a number of thimbles loosely into each other. The rattlesnake lies coiled with its head flat, and the tip of its tail elevated. When alarmed or irritated it gives a quivering movement to the tail, which causes the joints of the rattle to shake against each other with a peculiar sound not easily described. All animals, even horses newly brought from Europe, tremble at this noise and try to escape. What is the best thing to be done for the bite of a serpent, inquired fritz? Remedies are very various, very uncertain, and differ with the species inflicting the bite. Suction, ammonia, oil, the use of the knife, application of fresh mold, lunar caustic, leaves of certain plants, all these and more are mentioned. There is a creeping plant called Aristolokia indica, the leaves of which have in repeated instances done wonders for fearful bites. It is found in many parts of the world, but most plentifully in the hotter regions. A mode of cure adopted by the natives of India, Cylon, and parts of Africa is by the application of a remarkable object called snake stone. These are described as flatish, something like half an almond with squared ends, rather light, bearing a very high polish, and of an intense jetty black. On being bitten by a cobra, the sufferer applies one of these stones to each puncture, where they adhere strongly for a time, five or six minutes being about the average. They seem to absorb the blood as it flows from the wound and at last fall off, when the danger is considered to be over. But now we must leave this fertile subject of discussion, and I can only say I sincerely trust we may never have caused to resume it from the appearance of another serpent here of any sort, size, or description. Come, Ernest, can you not give us an epitaph for our unfortunate friend the donkey? We must afford him more honorable sepulcher than he enjoys at present, when we proceed, as we speedily must, to disembowel his murderer. Ernest took the matter quite seriously, and planting his elbows on his knees, he bent his thoughtful brow in his hands, and remained wrapped in poetic meditation for about two minutes. I have it, cried he, but perhaps you will all laugh at me. No, no, don't be shy, old fellow, spit it out! And thus encouraged by his brother, Ernest, with the blush of a modest author, began. Beneath this stone poor grizzles' bones are laid, a faithful ass he was, and loved by all. At length his master's voice he disobeyed, and thereby came his melancholy fall. A monstrous serpent, springing from the grass, seized, crushed, and swallowed him before our eyes, but we, though yet we mourn our honest ass, are grateful, for he thereby saved the lives of all the human beings on this shore, a father, mother, and their children for. Hurrah for the epitaph! well done, Ernest! resounded on all sides, and taking out a large red pencil I used for marking wood. The lines were forthwith inscribed on a great flat stone, being, as I told the boy, the very best poetry that had ever been written on our coast. We then had dinner, and afterward went to work with the serpent. The first operation was to recover the mangled remains of the ass, which, being affected, he was buried in the soft marshy ground close by, and the hole filled up with fragments of rock. Then we yoked storm and grumble to the serpent, and dragged it to a convenient distance from Rockburg, where the process of skinning, stuffing, and sewing up again afforded occupation of the deepest interest to the boys for several days. We took great pains to coil it round a pole in the museum, arranging the head with the jaws wide open, so as to look as alarming as possible, and contriving to make eyes and tongue sufficiently well to represent nature. In fact, our dogs never passed the monster without growling, and must have wondered at our taste in keeping such a pet. Over the entrance leading to the museum and library were inscribed these words. No admittance for asses. The double meaning of this sentence pleased us all immensely. The greatest danger to which we had yet been exposed was now over, but there remained much anxiety in my mind lest another serpent might, unseen by us, have entered the swamp, or might appear as this had done, from the country beyond falconhurst. I projected then two excursions, the first to make a thorough examination of the thicket and morass, the next right away to the gap, through which we had yet been exposed. Through which alone the arch enemy could have entered our territory. On summoning my sons to accompany me to the marsh, I found neither Ernest nor Jack very eager to do so, the latter vowing he had the cold shivers each time he thought how his ribs might have been smashed by the last flap of the snake's tail. But I did not yield to their reluctance, and we finally set about crossing the marsh, by placing planks and wicker hurdles on the ground, and changing their places as we advanced. Nothing was discovered beyond tracks in the reeds and the creature's lair, where the rushes, grass, and bog plants were beaten down. Emerging beyond the thicket we found ourselves on firm ground, near the precipitous wall of rock, and perceived a clear sparkling brook flowing from an opening, which proved to be a cave or grotto of considerable size. The vaulted roof was covered with stalactites, while many formed stately pillars, which seemed as though supporting the roof. The floor was strewn with fine snow-white earth, with a smooth soapy feeling, which I felt convinced was fuller's earth. Well, this is a pleasant discovery, said I. This is as good as soap for washing, and will save me the trouble of turning soap-boiler. Perceiving that the streamlet flowed from an opening of some width in the inner rock, fritz passed through, in order to trace it to its source, presently shouting to me that the opening widened very much, and begging me to follow him. I did so, leaving the other boys in the outer cave, and fired a pistol-shot, the reverberating echoes of which testified to the great extent of the place, and lighting the bit of candle I always carried with me we advanced, the light burning clear and steadily, though shedding a very feeble light, in so vast a space. Suddenly fritz exclaimed, I verily believe this is a second cave of salt, see how the walls glance, and how the light is reflected from the roof. These cannot be salt crystals, said I, the water which flows over them leaves no track, and tastes quite sweet. I am rather inclined to believe that we have penetrated into a cave of rock crystal. Oh how splendid, then we have discovered a great treasure! Certainly, if we could make any use of it, otherwise in our situation it is about as valuable as the lump of gold found by good old Robinson Crusoe. Anyhow, I will break off a piece for a specimen, see here is a fine bit, only rather dull, and not transparent, what a pity, I must knock off another. You must go more carefully to work, or it will look as dull as the first. You destroyed its true form, which is that of a pyramid, with six sides or faces. We remained some time in this interesting grotto, but our light burnt low after we had examined it in different directions, and fritz having secured a large lump, which exhibited several crystals in perfection, we quitted the place, fritz discharging a farewell shot, for the sake of hearing the grand echoes. On reaching the open air we saw poor Jack sobbing bitterly, but as soon as we appeared he ran joyfully toward us, and threw himself into my arms. My child, what is the matter? I cried anxiously. Oh, I thought you were lost! I heard a noise twice, as if the rocks had shattered down, and I thought you and fritz were crushed in the ruins. It was horrible! How glad I am to see you! I comforted the child and explained the noises he had heard, inquiring why he was alone. Ernest is over there among the reeds. I dare say he did not hear the shots. I found Ernest busily engaged in weaving a basket in which to catch fish. He had devised it ingeniously, with a funnel-shaped entrance, through which the fish passing would not easily find their way out, but would remain swimming about in the wide part of the apparatus. I shot a young serpent while you were away, father, said he. It lies there covered with rushes. It is nearly four feet long and as thick as my arm. A serpent cried I, hurrying toward it in alarm, and fearing there must be a brood of them in the swamp after all. A fine large eel, you mean, my boy! This will provide an excellent supper for us tonight. I am glad you had the courage to kill it, instead of taking to your heels and fleeing from the supposed serpent. Well, I thought it would be so horrid to be pursued and caught that I preferred facing it. My shot took effect, but it was very difficult to kill the creature outright. It moved about, although its head was smashed. The tenacity of life possessed by eels is very remarkable, I said. I have heard that the best mode of killing them is to grasp them by the neck and slap their tails smartly against a stone or post. We made our way back more easily by keeping close to the cliffs, where the ground was firmer, and found the mother washing clothes at the fountain. She rejoiced greatly at our safe return and was much pleased with the supply of fuller's earth, as she said there was now very little soap left. The eel was cooked for supper, and during the evening a full account was given of our passage through the swamp and discovery of the rock crystal cavern. It was most important to ascertain whether any serpent lurked among the woods of our little territory between the cliffs and the sea. Preparations were set on foot for the second and greater undertaking of a search throughout the country beyond the river, as far as the gap. I wished all the family to go on the expedition, a decision which gave universal satisfaction. Intending to be engaged in this search for several weeks, we took the small tent and a store of all sorts of necessary provisions, as well as firearms, tools, cooking utensils, and torches. All these things were packed on the cart, which was drawn by storm and grumble. Jack and Franz mounted them and acted at once the part of riders and drivers. My wife sat comfortably in the cart. Fritz rode in advance, while Ernest and I walked. We were protected in flank by the dogs and fangs, the tame jackal. Directing our course toward Woodlands, we saw many traces of the serpent's approach to Rockburg. In some places where the soil was loose, the trail, like a broad furrow, was very evident indeed. At Falconhurst we made a halt, and were as usual welcomed by the poultry, as well as by the sheep and goats. We then passed on to Woodlands, where we arrived at Nightfall. All was peaceful and in good order. No track of the boa in that direction, no signs of visits from mischievous apes. The little farm and its inhabitants looked most flourishing. Next day was passed in making a survey of the immediate neighbourhood, at the same time collecting a quantity of cotton, which was wanted for new pillows and cushions. In the afternoon, Franz was my companion, carrying a small gun entrusted to him for the first time. We took fawn and Bruno with us, and went slowly along the left bank of the lake, winding our way among reedy thickets, which frequently turned us aside a considerable distance from the water. The dogs hunted about in all directions, and raised duck, snipe, and heron. These usually flew directly across the lake, so that Franz got no chance of a shot. He began to get rather impatient, and proposed firing at the black swans we saw sailing gracefully on the glassy surface of the lake. Just then a harsh booming sound struck our ears. I paused in wonder as to whence the noise proceeded, while Franz exclaimed, Oh Father, can that be swift, our young onager? It cannot possibly be swift, said I, adding, after listening attentively a minute or two, I am inclined to think it must be the cry of a bittern, a fine, handsome bird of the nature of a heron. Oh, may I shoot it, Father? But I wonder how a bird can make that roaring noise. One would think it was an ox. It is more like lowing than braying. The noise creatures make depends more on the construction of the windpipe, its relation to the lungs and the strength of the muscles which force out the breath, than on their size. As, for example, how loud is the song of the nightingale and the little canary bird? Some people say the bittern booms with his long bill partly thrust into the boggy ground, which increases the hollow muffled sound of its very peculiar cry. Franz was anxious that the first trophy of his gun should be so rare a bird as the bittern. The dogs were sent into the wood, and we waited some distance apart, in readiness to fire. All at once there was a great rustling in the thicket. Franz fired, and I heard his happy voice calling out, I've hit him! I've hit him! What have you hit? shouted I in return. A wild pig, said he, but bigger than fritzes. Ah, I see you remember the agouti. Perhaps it is not a hog at all but one of our little pigs from the farm. What will the old sow say to you, Franz? I soon joined my boy and found him in transports of joy, over an animal certainly very much like a pig, although its snout was broad and blunt. It was covered with bristles, had no tail, and in color was a yellowish gray. Examining it carefully and noticing its web feet and its curious teeth, I decided that it must be a capybara, a water-loving animal of South America, and Franz was overjoyed to find that he had shot a new creature, as he said. It was difficult to carry at home, but he very sensibly proposed that we should open and clean the carcass, which would make it lighter. And then, putting it in a game-bag, he carried it till quite tired out. He then asked if I thought Bruno would let him strap it on his back. We found the dog willing to bear the burden, and reached Woodlands soon afterward. There we were surprised to see earnest surrounded by a number of large rats, which lay dead on the ground. Where can all these have come from, exclaimed I? Have you and your mother been rat-hunting, instead of gathering rice, as you intended? We came upon these creatures quite unexpectedly, he replied, while in the rice-swap. Knips, who was with us, sprang away to a kind of long-shaped mound among the reeds, and pounced upon something which tried to escape into a hole. He chatterd and gnashed his teeth, and the creature hissed and squeaked, and running up I found he had got a big rat by the tail. He would not let go, and the rat could not turn in the narrow entrance to bite him, but I soon pulled it out and killed it with my stick. The mound was a curious-looking erection, so I broke it open with some difficulty, and in doing this dislodged quite a dozen of the creatures. Some I killed, but many plunged into the water and escaped. On examining their dwelling I found it a vaulted tunnel made of clay and mud, and thickly lined with sedges, rushes, and waterlily leaves. There were other mounds or lodges close by, and seeking an entrance to one I stretched my game-bag across it, and then hammered on the roof till a whole lot of rats sprang out, several right into the bag. I hid away right and left, but began to repent of my audacity when I found the whole community swarming about in the wildest excitement, some escaping, but many stopping in bewilderment, while others actually attacked me. It was anything but pleasant, I assure you, and I began to think of Bishop Hathow in the Mouse Tower on the Rhine. Knips liked it as little as I did, and skipped about desperately to get out of their way, though he now and then seized a rat by the neck in his teeth. Just as I began to shout for help, Juno came dashing through the reeds and water, and made quick work with the enemy, all flying from her attack. My mother had great difficulty enforcing her way through the marsh to the scene of action, but reached me at last, and we collected all the slain to show you, and for the sake of their skins. This account excited my curiosity, and I went to examine the place Ernest described, where I found, to my surprise, an arrangement much like a beaver-dam, though on a small scale, and less complete. You have discovered a colony of beaver-rats, said I to Ernest, so called from their resemblance in skill and manner of life to that wonderful creature. Muskrat, Muskwash, and Ondatra are other names given to them. They have, you see, webbed feet, and flattened tails, and we shall find that they carry two small glands containing the scented substance called Musk. The sooner we strip off the skins, the better. They will be useful for making caps. We went back to the house, and met Fritz and Jack just returned from their excursion, reporting that no trace of serpents, great or small, had been met with. Jack carried in his hat about a dozen eggs, and Fritz had shot a couple of heath fouls, a cock, and hen. We sat down to supper, Fritz eager to partake of his capybara. Even he himself made a face at the peculiar flavor of the meat. It is the musk which you taste, said I, and I described to them the various animals in which this strange liquid is found. The musk deer, musk ox, crocodile, musk rat of India, also called kudeli, which taints a corked bottle of wine if it only runs across it, concluding with an account of the civet, also called civet-cat. The civet, said I, is a handsome black and white animal, and the perfume obtained from it was formerly considered a valuable medicine. In the present day it is used chiefly as a scent. This odiferous substance is secreted, i.e. formed, in a double glandular pouch near the tail, and the Dutch keep the creature in captivity so that it shall afford them a continual supply. The method of removing the civet perfume is ingenious. The animal is very quick and elastic in its movements, and having sharp teeth it is not pleasant to handle. So it is put into a long, narrow cage in which it cannot turn round. A horn spoon is then introduced, and the perfume, a thick, oily stuff, something like butter, is coolly scraped from the pouch, the plundered civet being then released from straight endurance until the supply is reformed. Presently Jack ran for his game-bag, producing some fruit which he had forgotten. Several pale green apples, quite new to us, excited general attention. Why, what are those? Are they good? I asked. I hope so, for we sadly want something to take away the taste of Franz's beast, said Jack. But Fritz and I were afraid of eating some awful poison or other, like the manchineal, so we brought them for the inspection of the learned master knips. I took one, and cut it in two, remarking that it contained a circle of seeds or pips, instead of the stone of the manchineal. At that moment knips, sily came up behind me, and snatching up one half, began to munch it with the liveliest satisfaction, an example which the boys were so eager to follow that a general scramble ensued, and I had some trouble in securing a couple of apples for myself and their mother. I imagined this to be the cinnamon apple of the Antilles. Everyone seeming wearied by the fatigues of the day, our mattresses and pillows were arranged, and the inmates of woodlands betook themselves to repose. With early light we commenced the next day's journey, directing our course to a point between the sugar break and the gap, where we had once made a sort of arbor of the branches of trees. As this remained in pretty good condition we spread a sailcloth over the top of it, instead of pitching the tent, and made it very comfortable quarters for the short time I proposed to stay there. Our object being to search the neighborhood for traces of the boa constrictor or any of his kindred, Fritz, Jack, and Franz went with me to the sugar cane break, and satisfied ourselves that our enemy had not been there. It was long since we had enjoyed the fresh juice of these canes, and we were refreshing ourselves therewith, when a loud barking of dogs, and loud rustling and rattling through the thicket of canes, disturbed our pleasant occupation, and, as we could see nothing a yard off where we stood, I hurried to the open ground, and with guns in readiness we awaited what was coming. In a few minutes a herd of creatures, like little pigs, issued from the thicket, and made off in single file at a brisk trot. They were of a uniform gray color, and showed short, sharp tusks. My trusty double-barrel speedily laid low two of the fugitives. The others continued to follow the leader in line, scarcely turning aside to pass the dead bodies of their comrades, and maintaining the same steady pace, although Fritz and Jack also fired, and killed several. I felt certain that these were peccaries, and recollected that an odiferous gland in the back must be removed immediately, otherwise the meat will become tainted, and quite unfit to eat. This operation, with the help of my boys, I accordingly performed at once. Presently, hearing shots in the direction of the hut, where we had left Ernest and his mother, I sent Jack to their assistance, desiring him to fetch the cart, that the booty might be conveyed to our encampment, employing the time of his absence in opening and cleaning the animals, thus reducing their weight. Ernest came back with Jack and the cart, and told us that the procession of peccaries had passed near the hut, and that he, with Juno's help, had secured three of them. I was glad to hear of this, as I had determined to cure a good supply of hams, and we made haste to load the cart. The boys adorned it with flowers and green bows, and with songs of triumph which made the woods ring, they conveyed the valuable supply of game to the hut, where their mother anxiously waited for us. After dinner we set to work upon our pigs, singeing and scalding off the bristles. I cut out the hams, divided the flitches, bestowed considerable portions of the carcass on the dogs, and diligently cleansed and salted the meat, while the boys prepared a shed, where it was to be hung to be cured in the smoke of fires of green wood. This unexpected business, of course, detained us in the place for some time. On the second day, when the smoking shed was ready, the boys were anxious to cook the smallest porker in the otahesian fashion. For this purpose they dug a hole, in which they burned a quantity of dry grass, sticks and weeds, heating stones which were placed round the sides of the pit. While the younger boys made ready the oven, fritz singed and washed his peccary, stuffing it with potatoes, onions, and herbs, and a good sprinkling of salt and pepper. He then sewed up the opening, and enveloped the pig in large leaves to guard it from the ashes and dust of its cooking place. The fire no longer blazed, but the embers and stones were glowing hot. The pig was carefully placed in the hole, covered over with hot ashes, and the hole with earth, so that it looked like a big mole-heap. Dinner was looked forward to with curiosity, as well as appetite. My wife, as usual, distrusting our experiments, was not sanguine of success, and made ready some plain food, as a pizza lay. She was well pleased with the curing hut, which was roomy enough to hang all our hams and bacon. On a wide hearth in the middle we kindled a large fire, which was kept constantly smoldering by heaping it with damp grass and green wood. The hut, being closed in above, the smoke filled it, and penetrated the meat thoroughly. This process it had to undergo for several days. In a few hours Fritz gave notice that he was going to open his oven. Great excitement prevailed as he removed the earth, turf, and stones, and a delicious appetizing odor arose from the opening. It was the smell of roast pork, certainly, but with a flavor of spices which surprised me, until I thought of the leaves in which the food had been wrapped up. The peccary was carefully raised, and when a few cinders were picked off, it looked a remarkably well-cooked dish. Fritz was highly complimented on his success, even by his mother. The scented leaves were, I thought, those of a tree which I knew to be found in Madagascar, called by the natives ravenzara, or good leaf. It is said to combine the scent of the nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon. The fruit is the species of nut, possessing the scent of the leaves in a more delicate degree, and from it an oil or essence is distilled, which is highly valued in native cookery. During the process of curing our large supply of hams and bacon, which occupied several days, we roamed about the neighborhood in all directions, finding no trace of the serpent, but making many valuable acquisitions, among which were some gigantic bamboos, from fifty to sixty feet in length, and of proportion at thickness. These, when cut across near the joints, formed capital casks, tubs, and pots, while the long sharp thorns, which begirt the stem at intervals, were as strong and useful as iron nails. One day we made an excursion to the farm at Prospect Hill, and were grievously provoked to find that the vagabond apes had been there, and wrought terrible mischief, as before at woodlands. The animals and poultry were scattered, and everything in the cottage so torn and dirtied that it was vain to think of setting things right that day. We therefore very unwillingly left the disorder as we found it, purposing to devote time to the work afterward. When all was in readiness for the prosecution of our journey, we closed and barricaded the hut, in which, for the present, we left the store of bacon, and, arranging our march in the usual patriarchal style, we took our way to the gap, the thorough defense of which defile was the main object we had in view. Our last halting place, being much enclosed by shrubs, bamboos, and brushwood, we had during our stay opened a path through the cane-thicket, in the direction we were about to travel. This we now found of the greatest assistance, and the loaded cart passed on without impediment. The ground was open and tolerably level beyond, so that in a few hours we arrived at the extreme limit of our coast territory. We halted on the outskirts of a little wood, behind which, to the right, rose the precipitous and frowning cliffs of the mountain gorge, while to the left flowed the torrent, leaving between it and the rocks the narrow pass we called the gap, and passing outward to mingle its water with the sea. The wood afforded us pleasant shelter, and, standing high and within gunshot of the mouth of the rocky pass, I resolved to make it our camping place. We therefore unpacked the cart, and made our usual arrangements for safety and comfort, not forgetting to examine the wood itself, so as to ascertain whether it harbored any dangerous animals. Nothing worse than wild cats was discovered. We disturbed several of these creatures in their pursuit of birds and small game, but they fled at our approach. By the time dinner was ready we felt much fatigued, and some hours of unusually sultry and oppressive heat compelled us to rest until toward evening, when returning coolness revived our strength. We pitched the tent, and then occupied ourselves with preparations for the next day, when it was my intention to penetrate the country beyond the defile, and make a longer excursion across the savannah than had yet been undertaken. End of Chapter 12 Part 1, read on July 22nd, 2009, in San Diego, California. Chapter 12 Part 2 of The Swiss Family Robinson. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann R. Wies. Chapter 12 Part 2. All was ready for a start at an early hour. My brave wife consented to remain in camp with friends as her companion, while the three elder boys, and all the dogs, except Juno, went with me. We expected to find it somewhat difficult to make our way through the narrowest part of the pass, which had been so strongly barricaded and planted with thorny shrubs, but found on the contrary that the fences and walls were broken down and disarranged. It was thus very evident that the great snake, as well as the herd of peccaries, had made an entrance here. This barricade was the first cheque that had been placed by hand of man upon the wild, free will of nature in this lonely place. With one consent, storms, floods, torrents, and the wild beasts of the forest had set themselves to destroy it. We resolved to make the defences doubly strong, being convinced that the position was capable of being barricaded and fortified, so as to resist the invaders we dreaded. The prospect which opened before us on emerging from the rocky pass was wide and varied. Swelling hills and verdant wooded veils were seen on one hand, while a great plain stretched before us, extending from the banks of the river toward a chain of lofty mountains, whose summits were rendered indistinct in the haze of the distance. We crossed the stream, which we named East River, filling our flasks with water, and it was well we did so, for in continuing our journey we found the soil become more arid and parched than we had expected. In fact we soon appeared surrounded by a desert. The boys were astonished at the altered appearance of the country, part of which had been explored when we met with the buffaloes. I reminded them of the difference of the season, that the expedition had been made directly after the rains, when vegetation had clothed with transient beauty this region, which, possessing no source of moisture itself, had become scaved and bare during the blazing heat of summer. Our march proceeded slowly, and many were the uncomplementary remarks made on the new country. It was Arabia Petrea, groaned one. Desert of Sahara, sighed another. Fit abode for demons, muttered a third. Subterranean volcanic fires are raging beneath our feet. Patience, my dear fellows, cried I, you are too easily discouraged. Look beyond the toilsome way to those grand mountains, whose spurs are already stretching forward to meet us. Who knows what pleasant surprises await us amid their steep declivities. I, for my part, expect to find water, fresh grass, trees, and a lovely resting place. We were all glad to repose beneath the shade of the first overhanging rock we came to, although by pressing further upward we might have attained to a pleasanter spot. Looking back toward the gap we marked the strange contrast of the smiling country bordering the river, and the dreary monotonous plain we had traversed. After gazing on the distant scene we produced our store of provisions and were busily engaged when Knips, our constant companion, suddenly began to sniff and smell about in a very ridiculous way. Finally with a shriek which we knew was expressive of pleasure, he set off at a full speed, followed by all the dogs, up a sort of glen behind us. We left them to their own devices, being far too pleasantly engaged with our refreshments, to care much what fancy the little rogue had got in his head. When hunger was somewhat appeased, Fritz once more cast his eyes over the expanse of plain before us, and, after looking fixedly for a moment, exclaimed, Is it possible that I see a party of horsemen riding at full gallop toward us? Can they be wild Arabs of the desert? Arabs, my boy, certainly not, but take the spy-glass and make them out exactly. We shall have to be on our guard, whatever they are. I cannot see distinctly enough to be sure, said he presently, and imagination supplies the deficiency of sight in most strange fashion. I could fancy them wild cattle, loaded carts, wandering hay-cocks, in fact most anything I like. The spy-glass passed from hand to hand. Jack and Ernest agreed in thinking the moving objects were men on horseback, but when it came to my turn to look, I at once pronounced them to be very large ostriches. This is fortunate indeed, I exclaimed, we must try to secure one of these magnificent birds, the feathers alone are worth having. A live ostrich father? That would be splendid, why, we might ride upon him. As the ostriches approached, we began to consider in what way we should attempt to capture. I sent Fritz and Jack to recall the dogs, and placed myself with Ernest behind some shrubs, which would conceal us from the birds as they came onward. The boys did not rejoin us for some little time. They found knips and the dogs at a pool of water, formed by a small mountain stream, which the monkey's instinct had detected. His sudden departure was thus accounted for, and they availed themselves right gladly of his discovery, filling their flasks, and hastily bathing before their return. The ostriches continued to come in our direction, varying their pace as though in sport, springing, trotting, galloping, and chasing each other round and round, so that their approach was by no means rapid. I could now perceive that of the five birds only one was a male, the white plumes of the wings and tail contrasting finally with the deep, glossy black of the neck and body. The colour of the females being ash and brown, the effect of their white plumes was not so handsome. I do not believe we shall have a chance with these birds, said I, except by sending Fritz's eagle in pursuit, and for that we must bide our time and let them come as near as possible. In what way, then, are ostriches caught by the natives of the African deserts, inquired Fritz? Sometimes by chase on horseback, but their speed is so very great that even that must be conducted by stratagem. When these birds are pursued they will run for hours in a wide circle, the hunter gallops after them, but describes a much smaller circle, and can therefore maintain the pace for a longer time, waiting to make the attack until the bird is fatigued. Among the bushmen the hunter sometimes envelops himself in the skin of an ostrich, his legs doing duty for those of the bird, and his arm managing the head and neck, so as to imitate the movements of the bird when feeding. The enterprising hunter is thus enabled to get among a flock of ostriches and to shoot them with arrows one after another. When aware of an enemy they defend themselves desperately, using their powerful legs as weapons, always kicking forward and inflicting dreadful injuries on dogs and even on men, if attacked without due precaution. But let us take up our positions and keep perfectly still, for the ostriches are at hand. We held the dogs concealed as much as possible, the stately birds suddenly perceiving us, paused, hesitated, and appeared uneasy. Yet as no movement was made they drew a few steps nearer, without stretched necks, examining curiously the unwanted spectacle before them. The dogs became impatient, struggled from our grasp, and furiously rushed toward our astonished visitors. In an instant they turned and fled with the speed of the wind, their feet seemed not to touch the ground, their wings aiding the marvelously rapid progress. In a few moments they would have been beyond our reach, but as they turned to fly the eagle was unhooded. Singling out the male bird the falcon made his fatal swoop, and piercing the skull the magnificent creature was laid low. Before we could reach the spot the dogs had joined the bird of prey, and were fiercely tearing the flesh and bedabbling the splendid plumes with gore. The sight grieved us. What a pity we could not capture this glorious bird alive, exclaimed Fritz, as we took its beautiful feathers. It must, I am sure, have stood more than six feet high, and two of us might have mounted him at once. In the vast sandy deserts where nothing grows, what can flocks of these birds find to live upon, inquired Ernest? That would indeed be hard to say if the deserts were utterly barren and unfruitful returned I. But over these sandy wastes a beneficent providence scatters plants of wild melons, which absorb and retain every drop of moisture, and which quench the thirst as well as satisfy the hunger of the ostriches and other inhabitants of the wilds. These melons, however, do not constitute his entire diet. He feeds freely on grasses, dates, and hard grain when he can obtain them. Does the ostrich utter any cry? The voice of the ostrich is a deep, hollow, rumbling sound, so much resembling the roar of a lion as to be occasionally mistaken for it. But what does Jack mean by waving his cap and beckoning in that excited fashion? What has the boy found, I wonder? He ran a little toward us, shouting, Eggs, Father, ostrich's eggs, a huge nest full, do come quick. We all hastened to the spot, and in a slight hollow of the ground, beheld more than twenty eggs, as large as an infant's head. The idea of carrying more than two away with us was preposterous, although the boys, forgetting what the weight would be, seriously contemplated clearing the nest. They were satisfied when a kind of landmark had been set up, so that if we returned we might easily find the nest. As each egg weighed about three pounds, the boys soon found the burden considerable, even when tied into a handkerchief and carried like a basket. To relieve them, I cut a strong elastic heath-stick, and, suspending an egg in its sling at each end, laid the bent-stick over Jack's shoulder, and, like a Dutch dairymaid with her milk-pales, he stepped merrily along without inconvenience. We presently reached a marshy place, surrounding a little pool, evidently fed by the stream which Knips had discovered. The soft ground was trodden and marked by the footsteps of many different sorts of animals. We saw tracks of buffaloes, antelopes, onigas, or quaggas, but no trace whatever of any kind of serpent. Hitherto, our journey in search of monster reptiles had been signalized by a very satisfying sight. By this brook, we sat down to rest and take some food. Fangs presently disappeared, and Jack, calling to his pet, discovered him gnawing at something which he had dug from the marsh. Taking it for a root of some sort, Jack brought it for my inspection. I dipped it in water to clear off the mud, and, to my surprise, found a queer little living creature, no bigger than half an apple, in my hand. It was a very satisfying sight. No bigger than half an apple, in my hand. It was a small tortoise. A tortoise, I declare, cried Fritz, what a long way from the sea! How came it here, I wonder? Perhaps there has been a tortoise shower, remarked Ernest. One reads of frog showers in the time of the ancient Romans. Hello, Professor, you're out for once, said I. This is nothing but a mud tortoise, which lives in wet, marshy ground and fresh water. They are useful in gardens, for although they like a few lettuce leaves now and then, they will destroy numbers of snails, grubs, and worms. Resuming our journey, we arrived at a charming valley, verdant, fruitful, and shaded by clumps of graceful trees. It afforded us the greatest delight and refreshment to pass along this cool and lovely veil, which we agreed to call Glen Verdant. In the distance, we could see herds of antelopes or buffaloes feeding, but as our dogs continually ranged a long way ahead of us, they were quickly startled, and vanished up one or other of the narrow gorges, which opened out of the valley. Following the imperceptible windings of the veil, we were surprised, on quitting it for the more open ground, to find ourselves in a country we were already acquainted with, and not far from the Jackal Cave, as we called the place where fangs had been captured in. On recognizing the spot, Ernest, who was in advance, with one of the dogs, hastened toward it. We lost sight of him for a few minutes, and then arose a cry of terror, violent barking, and deep, surly growls. As we rushed forward, Ernest met us, looking white as ashes, and calling out, A bear! A bear, father! He is coming after me! The boy clung to me in mortal fear. I felt he had gone far away from me, I felt his whole frame quivering. Courage, my son, cried I, disengaging myself from his grasp. We must prepare for instant defence. The dogs dashed forward to join the fray, whatever it was, and not long were we in doubt. To my no small consternation, an enormous bear made his appearance, quickly followed by another. With levels guns my brave fritz and I advanced slowly to meet them. Jack was also ready to fire, but the shock had so unnerved, Ernest, that he fairly took to his heels. We fired together, one at each bear. But though hit the monsters were unfortunately only wounded, we found it most difficult to take aim, as the dogs beset them on all sides. However, they were much disabled, one having the lower jaw broken, and the other, with a bullet in his shoulder, was effectively lame. The dogs, perceiving their advantage, pressed more closely round their foes, who yet defended themselves furiously with frightful yells of pain and rage. Such was the confusion and perpetual movement of the struggle that I dared not fire again, seeing that even slightly wounding one of our gallant hounds would instantly place him in the power of the raging bears. Watching our opportunity, we suddenly advanced with loaded pistols to within a very few paces of the animals, and firing, both fell dead, one shot through the head, the other in the act of rearing to spring on fritz, received his charge in its heart. Thank heaven, cried I, as with dull groans the brute sank to the ground. We have escaped the greatest peril we have yet encountered. The dogs continued to tear and worry the fallen foe, as though unwilling to trust the appearance of death. With feelings somewhat akin I drew my hunting knife, and made assurance doubly sure. Seeing all safe, Jack raised a shout of victory that poor Ernest might gain courage to approach the scene of conflict, which at last he did, and joined us in examining the dangerous animals as they lay motionless before us. Every point was full of interest. Their wounds, their sharp teeth, their mighty claws, the extraordinary strength of neck and shoulder, all were remarked and commented on, and observing that the shaded brown hair was tipped with glossy white, I thought that these might be the silver bears mentioned in Captain Clark's journey to the northwest coasts of America. Well, my lads, said I, if we have failed to catch sight of serpents, we have at least made good riddance of some other bad rubbish. These fellows would one day have worked us woe, or I am much mistaken. What's to be done next? Why, skin them to be sure, said fritz, we shall have a couple of splendid bearskin rugs. As this process would take time and evening drew on, we dragged the huge carcasses into their den to await our return, concealing them with boughs of trees and fencing the entrance as well as we could. The ostrich eggs we also left behind us, hidden in a sandy hole. By sunset we reached the tent, and joyfully rejoined the mother and fronts, right glad to find a hearty meal prepared for us, as well as a large heap of brushwood for the watch fire. When a full account of our adventures had been given, with a minute and special description of the bear fight, the mother related what she had done during our absence. She and fronts had made their way through the wood up to the rocks behind it, and discovered a bed of pure white clay, which it seemed to her might be used for making porcelain. Then she had contrived a drinking trough for the cattle out of a split bamboo. She had arranged a hearth in a sheltered place by building up large stones, cemented with the white clay, and finally she had cut a quantity of canes and brought them on the cart to be in readiness for the building we had in hand. I praised the thoughtful diligence which had affected so much that was of real and definite use. In order to try the clay I put some balls of it in the fire now kindled to burn during the night, and we then betook ourselves to rest under shelter of our tent. I awoke at dawn and aroused my little party. My first idea was to examine the clay balls, which I found baked hard and finely glazed, but too much melted down by the heat, a fault which, seeing the excellent quality of the clay, I knew it would be well worthwhile to remedy. After breakfast and our accustomed devotions we harnessed the cart and took the way to the bear's den. Fritz headed the party and, coming in sight of the entrance to the cave, called out softly, Make haste, and you will see a whole crowd of wild turkeys who seem to have come to attend the funeral obsequies of their respected friend and neighbour Bruin here. But there appears to be a jealous watcher who is unwilling to admit the visitors to the bed of state. The watcher, as Fritz called him, was an immensely large bird with a sort of calm on his head and a loose, fleshy skin hanging from beneath the beak. Part of the neck was bare, wrinkled, and purplish red, while around it, resting on the shoulders, was a downy collar of soft white feathers. The plumage was grayish-brown, marked here and there with white patches. The feet appeared to be armed with strong claws. This great bird guarded the entrance to the cave, occasionally retiring into it himself for a few minutes, but as soon as the other birds came pressing in after him, he hurried out again, and they were forced to retire. We stopped to observe this curious scene, and were startled suddenly by a mighty rush of wings in the air above us. We looked up. At the same moment Fritz fired, and an enormous bird fell heavily head foremost on the rocks, by which its neck was broken, while blood flowed from a wound in the breast. We had been holding back the dogs, but they, with Fritz, now rushed toward the cave, the birds rising around them and departing with heavy ungainly flight, leaving only Fritz's prize, and one of the other birds killed by the large one in its fall. With the utmost caution I entered the cave, and rejoiced to find that the tongue and eyes only of the bears had been devoured. A little later, and we should have had the handsome skins pecked and torn to rags, and all chance of stakes and bears paws gone. On measuring the wings of the large bird from tip to tip, I found the length exceeded eleven feet, and concluded it to be a condor. It was evidently the mate of the watcher, as Fritz called the first we saw. To work we now went on the bears, and no slight affair we found it to skin and cut them up, but by dint of perseverance we at last succeeded in our object. Determining to smoke the meat on the spot, we cut magnificent hams, and took off the rest of the meat in slices, after the manner of the buccaneers in the West Indies, preserving the paws entire to be cooked as a delicacy, and obtaining from the two bears together a prodigious supply of lard, which my wife gladly undertook to melt and prepare for keeping. The bones and offal we drew to some distance with the help of our cattle, and made the birds of the air most welcome to feast upon it. This, with the assistance of all sorts of insects, they did so effectually that before we left the place the skulls were picked perfectly clean, the sun had dried them, and they were ready for us to carry off to our museum. The skins had to be very carefully scraped, washed, salted, cleansed with ashes, and dried, which occupied fully two days. I was lamenting our distance from the Raskusarra Tree, the leaves of which had flavoured our roast peccary so nicely, when I observed among the brushwood which the boys had brought from the thickets around us a climbing plant, whose leaves had a very strong smell. The stem resembled a vine, and the fruit grew in clusters like currants. Some were red, and some of a green colour, which I supposed to denote various degrees of ripeness. They were hard, and the outer skin was quite thin. I recognised in this the pepper plant, a discovery particularly agreeable at this moment. The boys soon gathered a large supply. The red berries were soaked in salt and water for several days, then washed and rubbed, and finally becoming perfectly white were dried in the sun. The treatment of the green berries was simple. They were merely exposed to the sun's heat for a day or two, and then stored. In this way we obtained enough both of black and white pepper to last us a very long time. I took also a number of young plants that we might have pepper growing at Rockburg and our various settlements. Some roots of another plant were also taken, which, from the pods, appeared to be a kind of bean. We were glad of this occupation during the tedious business of smoking the bears' meat, and availed ourselves of the leisure time by also preparing for stuffing the condor and the turkey-buzzard, uberu or black vulture, for I could not determine to which species the smaller bird belonged. The four boys at length became so weary of inaction that I determined to let them make an excursion alone on the savannah. Three of them received this permission with eager delight, but Ernest said he would prefer to remain with us, to which, as the expedition was to be entirely one of pleasure, I could make no objection. Little France, on the other hand, whom I would willingly have kept with us, was wild to go with his brothers, and I was obliged to consent, as I had made the proposal open to all and could not draw back. In the highest spirits they ran to bring their steeds, as we were feigned to call the cattle they rode, from their pasture-age at a short distance. Speedily were they saddled, bridled, and mounted. The three lads were ready to be off. It was my wish that our sons should cultivate a habit of bold independence, for well I knew that it might be the will of God to deprive them easily of their parents, when, without an enterprising spirit of self-reliance, their position would be truly miserable. My gallant frits possessed this desirable quality in no small degree, and to him I committed the care of his young brothers, charging them to look up to and obey him, as their leader. They were well armed, well mounted, had a couple of good dogs, and, with a hearty God-speed and bless you, my boys, I let them depart. We, who remained behind, passed the day in a variety of useful occupations. The bear's meat, which was being cured in a smoking shed, such as that we set up for the peccary-hams, required a good deal of attention from my wife. Ernest had a fancy for making ornamental cups from the ostrich eggs, while I investigated the interior of the cave. I found the inner wall to consist of a kind of talc, mingled with threads of asbestos, and also indications of mica. Examining further I detached a large block, and found to my joy that I could split it into clear, transparent sheets, which would serve admirably for window-panes. My wife saw this substitute for glass with unfeigned satisfaction, declaring that, although she would not complain, yet the want of glass for windows had been a downright trouble to her. End of Chapter 12 Part 2, read by Kara Schellenberg on July 22nd, 2009, in San Diego, California. Chapter 13 of The Swiss Family Robinson This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann R. Vies. Chapter 13 As evening approached, the bears' paws, which were stewing for supper, sent forth savory odours, and we sat talking round the fire, while listening anxiously for sounds heralding the return of our young explorers. At last the trampant beat of hoofs struck our ears. The little troop appeared, crossing the open ground before us at a sharp trot, and a shrill ringing cheer greeted us as we rose and went to meet them. They sprang from their saddles, the animals were set at liberty to refresh themselves, and the riders eagerly came to exhibit their acquisitions, and give an account of themselves. Funny figures they cut. Frantz and Jack had each a young kid slung on his back, so that the four legs, tied together, stuck out under their chins. Fritz's game bag looked remarkably queer, round lumps, sharp points, and an occasional movement seemed to indicate a living creature or creatures within. Hurrah for the chase, father, cried Jack, nothing like real hunting after all, and just see how storm and grumble go along over a grassy plain. It is perfectly splendid. We soon tired out the little antelopes, and were able to catch them. Yes, father, said Frantz, and Fritz has two angora rabbits in his bag, and we wanted to bring you some honey. Only think, such a clever bird, a cuckoo showed us where it was. My brothers forget the chief thing, said Fritz. We have driven a little herd of antelopes right through the gap into our territory, and there they are, all ready for us to hunt when we like, or to catch and tame. Well done, cried I, here is indeed a list of achievements, but to your mother and me the chief thing of all is God's goodness in bringing you safe back to us. Now let us hear the whole story that we may have a definite idea of your performances. We had a splendid ride, said Fritz, down Glenverdent, and away to the defile through our rocky barrier, and the morning was so cool and fresh that our steeds kellipped along nearly the whole way at the top of their speed. When we had passed through the gap, we moderated our furious pace, and kept our eyes open on the lookout for game. We then trotted slowly to the top of a grassy hill, from whose summit we saw two herds of animals, whether antelopes, goats, or gazelles we did not know, grazing by the side of the stream below us. We were about to gallop down and try to get a shot at them, when it struck me that it would be wiser to try and drive the whole herd through the gap into our own domain, where they would be shut up, as it were, in a park, free and yet within reach. Down the hill we rode as hard as we could go, formed in a semi-circle behind the larger herd, magnificent antelopes, and, aided by the dogs with shouts and cries, drove them along the stream toward the gap. As we came near the opening, they appeared inclined to halt and turn, like sheep about to be driven into the butcher's yard, and it was all we could do to prevent them from bolting past us. But at length one made a rush at the opening, and the rest following they were soon all on the other side of the frontier, and inhabitants of New Switzerland. Capital, I said, capital, my boy, but I don't see what is to make them remain inhabitants of our domain, or to prevent them from returning through the gap whenever they feel inclined. Stop, father, he replied. You interrupt me too soon. We thought of that possibility too, and provided against it. We stretched a long line right across the defile, and strung on it feathers and rags and all sorts of other things, which danced and fluttered in the wind, and looked so strange that I am perfectly certain that the herd will never attempt to pass it. In fact, le vaillant, from whom I learned the trick, says, in his voyage au cup de bon espérance, that the hotentots make use of the method for penning in the antelopes they have caught in the chase. Well done, said I, I am glad to see that you remember what you have read. The antelopes are welcome to New Switzerland, but, my boy, I added, I cannot say the same for the rabbits you have there. They increase so rapidly that if you establish a colony of the little wretches your next difficulty will be to get rid of them. True, he replied, but my idea was to place them upon whale island, where they would find abundant food, and at the same time, in no way trouble us. May I not establish a war in there? It would be so useful. Do you know, my eagle caught these pretty little fellows for me? I saw a number of them running about, and so unhooded him, and in a few minutes he brought me three, one dead, with whose body I rewarded him, and these two here unhurt. Now, father, said Jack, interrupting him, do listen to me and hear my story, or else Fritz will begin upon my adventures, and tire you out with his rigmarole descriptions. Certainly, Jack, I said, I am quite ready to listen to you. First and foremostly, how did you bring down those beautiful little animals you have there? Oh, we galloped them down. The dogs sniffed about in the grass while Fritz was away after the rabbits, out popped those little fawns, and away they went, bounding and skipping at the rate of thirty miles an hour, with storm, grumble, and the dogs at their heels. In about a quarter of an hour we had left the dogs behind, and were close upon our prey. Down went the little creatures in the grass, and, overcome with terror and fatigue, were at our mercy. So we shouted to Fritz, and my dear boy, said I, according to your statement, Fritz must have been seven miles and a half off. Oh, well, father, perhaps we did not ride for quite a quarter of an hour, and, of course, I can't say exactly how fast we were going, and then, you see, the fawns did not run in a straight line. At any rate, Fritz heard us, and he and Frantz and I, leashed the legs of the pretty creatures, and then we mounted again, and presently saw a wretch of a cuckoo, who led us ever so far out of our course by cuckooing and making faces at us, and then hopping away. Frantz declared it must be an enchanted princess, and so I thought I would rid it of its spell, but Fritz stopped me shooting it, and said it was a honey indicator, and that it was leading us probably to a bee's bike, so we spared its life, and presently, sure enough, it stopped close by a bee's nest in a hollow tree. This was capital, we thought, and as we were in a great hurry to taste the honey, I threw in a lot of lighted Lucifer matches, but somehow it did not kill the bees at all, but only made them awfully angry, and they flew out in a body and stung me all over. I rushed to storm and sprang on his back, but, though I galloped away for bare life, it was an age before I got rid of the little wretches, and now my face is in a perfect fever. I think I will get Mother to bathe it for me. And off rushed the noisy boy, leaving Fritz and me to see to the fawns, and examine the rabbits. With these latter I determined to do as Fritz proposed, namely to colonize Whale Island with them. I was all the more willing to do this because I had been considering the advisability of establishing on that island a fortress, to which we might retreat in any extreme danger, and where we should be very thankful, in case of such a retreat, to possess means of obtaining a constant supply of animal food. Having ministered to the wants of the antelopes, I tried to interest the boys in my discovery of the block of talc, but just then their mother summoned us to dinner. The principal dish in this meal consisted of the bear's paws, most savoury smelling delicacies, so tempting that their close resemblance to human hands, and even the roguish fee foe fum from Jack, did not prevent a single member of the family from enjoying them most heartily. Supper over we lit our watch fire, returned to our tent, and slept soundly. We had been working very diligently. The bear's meat was smoked, the fat melted down and stored, and a large supply of bamboos collected. But I wished to make yet another excursion, and at early dawn I aroused the boys. Fritz mounted the mule, I rode lightfoot, Jack and Frantz took their usual steeds, and with the two dogs we galloped off, first to visit the euphorbia to collect the gum, and then to discover whether the ostrich had deserted her eggs in the sand. Ernest watched us depart without the slightest look or sigh of regret, and returned to the tent to assist his mother and study his books. Our steeds carried us down the green valley at a rapid rate, and we followed the direction we had pursued on our former expedition. We soon reached Turtle Marsh, and then, filling our water flasks, we arrived at the rising ground where Fritz discovered the mounted Arabs. As Jack and Frantz wanted a gallop, I allowed them to press forward, while Fritz and I visited the euphorbia trees. A quantity of the red gum had exuded from the incisions I had made, and as this had coagulated in the sun I rolled it into little balls, and stored it in a bamboo jar I had brought with me for the purpose. As we rode after the boys, who were some way ahead, Fritz remarked, Did you not tell me that the juice of that tree was poisonous, father? Why have you collected such a quantity? I did indeed say so, I replied, it is a most deadly poison. The inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope use it to poison the springs where wild animals assemble to quench their thirst, and they thus slaughter an immense number of the creatures for the sake of their hides. I intend, however, to use it to destroy the apes, should they again commit depredations, and also in preparing the skins of animals to protect them from the attacks of insects. The two boys were still at some distance from us, when suddenly four magnificent ostriches rose from the sand where they had been sitting. Jack and Frantz perceived them, and, with a great shout, drove them toward us. In front ran a splendid male bird, his feathers of shining black, and his great tail plume waving behind. Three females of an ash and gray color followed him. They approached us with incredible swiftness, and were within gunshot before they perceived us. Fritz had had the forethought to bind up the beak of his beagle, so that, should he bring down an ostrich, he might be unable to injure it. He now threw up the falcon, which, powering upward, swooped down upon the head of the foremost bird, and so confused and alarmed him that he could not defend himself nor continue his flight. So greatly was his speed checked that Jack overtook him, and hurling his lasso, enfolded his wings and legs in its deadly coils, and brought him to the ground. The other ostriches were almost out of sight, so, leaving them to their own devices, we leaped from our steeds, and attempted to approach the captured bird. He struggled fearfully, and kicked with such violence, right and left, that I almost disparate of getting him home alive. It occurred to me, however, that if we could cover his eyes, his fury might be subdued. I instantly acted upon this idea, and hung over his head my coat and hunting bag, which effectually shot out the light. No sooner had I done this than his struggle ceased, and we were able to approach. We first secured round his body a broad strip of seal skin, on each side of which I fastened a stout piece of cord that I might be able to lead him easily. Then, fastening another cord in a loop round his legs, that he might be prevented from breaking into a gallop, we released him from the coils of the lasso. Do you know, said I to the boys, how the natives of India secure a newly captured elephant? Oh, yes, said Fritz. They fasten him between two tame elephants. We'll do that to this fine fellow, and tame him double quick. The only difficulty will be, remarked Jack, that we have no tame ostriches. However, I daresay Storm and Grumble will have no objection to perform their part, and it will puzzle even this great monster to run away with them. So we at once began operations. Storm and Grumble were led up on either side of the recumbent ostrich, and the cords secured to their girths. Jack and Frantz, each armed with a stout whip, mounted their respective steeds. The wrappers were removed from the bird's eyes, and we stood by to watch what would next occur. For some moments after the return of his sight he lay perfectly still. Then he arose without bound, and not aware of the cords which hampered him, attempted to dash forward. The thongs were stout, and he was brought to his knees. A fruitless struggle ensued, and then at length, seeming to accommodate himself to circumstances, he set off at a sharp trot, his guards making the air re-echo with their merry shouts. These cries stimulated the ostrich to yet further exertions, but he was at length brought to a stand by the determined refusal of his four-footed companions to continue such a race across loose sand. The boys having enjoyed the long run, I told them to walk with the prisoner slowly home, while Fritz and I returned to examine the ostrich's nest. The eggs were quite warm, and I was certain that the mother had quite recently left the nest. Leaving about half, I packed the rest of the eggs in a large bag I had brought for the purpose, and slung it carefully on the saddle before. We soon caught up our advance guard, and without other notable incident reached our tent. Astonishment and dismay were depicted on the face of the mother as we approached. My dear husband, she exclaimed, do you think our provisions so abundant that you must scour the deserts to find some great beast to assist us to devour them? You must discover an iron mine next, for iron is what ostriches chiefly live on, is it not? Oh, I do wish you would be content with the menagerie you have already collected, instead of bringing in a specimen of every beast you come across, and this is such a useless monster. Useless mother, exclaimed Jack, you would not say so had you seen him run, why he will be the fetus coarser in our stables. I am going to make a saddle and bridle for him, and in future he shall be my only steed. Then, as for his appetite, father declares it is most delicate. He only wants a little fruit and grass, and a few stones and ten penny nails to help his digestion. The way in which Jack assumed proprietorship of our new prize seemed to strike his brothers as rather cool, and there was instantly a cry raised on the subject. Very well, said Jack, let us each take possession of the part of the ostrich we captured. Your bird fritz seized the head, keep that. Father shall have the body, I'll have the legs, and front's a couple of feathers from the tail. Come, come, said I, I think that Jack has a very good right to the ostrich, seeing that he brought it to the ground, and if he succeeds in taming it and converting it into a saddle-horse, it shall be his. From this time, therefore, he is responsible for its training. The day was now too far advanced to allow us to think of setting out for Rockberg, so we fastened up the ostrich between two trees, and devoted the remainder of the evening to making preparations for our departure. At early dawn our picturesque caravan was moving homeward. The ostrich continued so refractory that we were obliged to make him again march between storm and grumble, and as these gallant steeds were thus employed the cow was harnessed to the cart, laden with our treasures. Room was left in the cart for the mother, Jack and front's mounted storm and grumble, eye-road lightfoot, and fritz brought up the rear on swift. At the mouth of the gap we called a halt, and replaced the cord the boys had strung with ostrich feathers by a stout palisade of bamboos. I also took the opportunity of collecting a store of pipe clay, as I intended during the winter months, which were close at hand, to try my hand at china making. When we reached the sugar cane grove we again stopped to collect the peccary hams we had left to be smoked, and my wife begged me to gather some seeds of an aromatic plant which grew in the neighbourhood, and which had the scent of vanilla. I obtained a good supply, and we moved forward toward Woodlands, where we intended to rest for the night after our long and fatiguing march. Our tent was pitched, and on our beds of cotton we slept soundly. Next morning early we examined our farmyard, which appeared in a most prosperous and flourishing condition. The sight of all these domestic animals made us long even more than ever for our home at Rockburg, and we determined to hasten thither with all possible speed. The number of our pigs, goats, and poultry had greatly increased, since we had last visited our colony, and some of these, two fine breeds of chickens especially, my wife wished to take back with her. We found that the herd of antelopes, which Fritz and Jack had driven through the gap, had taken up their abode in the neighbourhood, and several times we saw the beautiful animals browsing among the trees. While at the farm, we repaired both the animals' stalls and our dwelling-room, that the former might be more secure against the attacks of wild beasts, and the latter fitted for our accommodation when we should visit the spot. Everything at length being satisfactorily arranged, we again retired to rest, and early next morning completed our journey to Rockburg. By midday we were once more settled at home. Windows and doors were thrown open to admit fresh air, the animals established in their stalls, and the carts miscellaneous cargo discharged and arranged. As much time as I could spare, I devoted to the ostrich, whom we fastened for the present, between two bamboo posts in front of our dwelling. I then turned my attention to the eggs we had brought, and which I determined to hatch, if possible, by artificial heat. For this purpose I arranged a stove, which I maintained at a uniform temperature, and on it I placed the eggs carefully wrapped in cotton wool. Next morning Fritz and I went off in the boat, first to Huell Island, there to establish our colonists, the Angora rabbits, and then to Shark Island, where we placed the dainty little antelopes. Having made them happy with their liberty and abundance of food, we returned as quickly as possible to cure the bearskins, and add the provisions we had brought to the stores lying in our cellar. As we returned we caught up Jack, making his way in great glee toward Rockburg. He was carrying in a basket an immense eel which he and Ernest had secured. Ernest had set, on the previous night, a couple of lines. One had been dragged away, but on the other they found this blended fellow. It proved delicious. Half was prepared for dinner, and the other half salted and stowed away. We now, for a short time, again turned our attention to our duties about the house. Thinking that the veranda would be greatly improved by some creepers, I sewed, round the foot of each bamboo pillar, vanilla and pepper seeds, as well as that of other creeping plants, which would not only give the house a pleasanter aspect, but also afford us shade during the summer months. I constructed a couple of hen-coops, too, for the hens and their little chicks, which we had brought from woodlands, for I knew that if I left them unprotected, the inquisitive dispositions of knips and fangs might induce them to make anatomical experiments, which would be detrimental to the welfare of the youngsters. Ernest's rat-skins were voted a nuisance within Norse, and were tied together and hung up outside. So powerful was the odor they emitted, that even then Jack would pretend to faint every time he passed near them. The museum received its addition. The condor and vulture were placed there, to be stuffed when we should find time during the rainy season. The mica and asbestos, too, we brought in for the present, not to lie their idle, but to wait until I could use them, as I intended, for china and lampwicks. Having occupied two days in this way, we turned our attention to other duties, the cultivation of a wheat, barley, and maize field, the management of the ostrich's eggs, and the taming of the captives. As agriculture was, though the least to our taste, the most important of these several duties, we set about it first. The animals drew the plow, but the digging and hoeing, taxed our powers of endurance to the utmost. We worked two hours in the morning and two in the evening. Fully did we realize the words of scripture, In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. In the interval we devoted our attention to the ostrich. But our efforts on behalf of his education seemed all in vain. He appeared as untameable as ever. I determined, therefore, to adopt the plan which had subdued the refractory eagle. The effect of the tobacco fumes almost alarmed me. The ostrich sank to the ground and lay motionless. Slowly at length he arose and paced up and down between the bamboo posts. He was subdued, but to my dismay resolutely refused all food. I feared he would die, for three days he pineed, growing weaker and weaker each day. Food he must have, said I to my wife, food he must have. The mother determined to attempt an experiment. She prepared balls of maize flour mixed with butter. One of these she placed within the bird's beak. He swallowed it, and stretched out his long neck, looking inquiringly for a second mouthful. A second, third, and fourth ball followed the first. His appetite returned, and his strength came again. All the wild nature of the bird had gone, and I saw with delight that we might begin his education as soon as we chose. Rice, guavas, maize, and corn he ate readily, washing it down, as Jack expressed it, with small pebbles, to the great surprise of fronts, to whom I explained that the ostrich was merely following the instinct common to all birds, that he required these pebbles to digest his food, just as smaller birds require gravel. After a month of careful training our captive would trot, gallop, obey the sound of our voice, feed from our hand, and in fact showed himself perfectly docile. Now our ingenuity was taxed to the utmost. How were we to saddle and bridle a bird? First for a bit for his beak. Vague ideas passed through my mind, but every one I was obliged to reject. A plan at length occurred to me. I recollected the effect of light and its absence upon the ostrich, how his movements were checked by sudden darkness and how, with the light, power returned to his limbs. I immediately constructed a leather and hood to reach from the neck to the beak, cutting holes in it for the eyes and ears. Over the eye holes I contrived square flaps, or blinkers, which were so arranged with whale bone springs that they closed tightly of themselves. The reins were connected with these blinkers so that the flaps might be raised or allowed to close at the rider's pleasure. When both blinkers were open the ostrich would gallop straight ahead, close his right eye and he turned to the left, close his left and he turned to the right, shut both and he stood stock still. I was justly proud of my contrivance, but before I could really test its utility I was obliged to make a saddle. After several failures I succeeded in manufacturing one to my liking, and in properly securing it. It was something like an old-fashioned trooper's saddle peaked before and behind, for my great fear was lest the boys should fall. This curious-looking contrivance I placed upon the shoulders as near the neck as possible and secured it with strong girths round the wings and across the breast, to avoid all possibility of the saddle slipping down the bird's sloping back. I soon saw that my plan would succeed, though skill and considerable practice was necessary in the use of my patent bridle. It was difficult to remember that to check the coarser's speed it was necessary to slacken rain, and that the tighter the reins were drawn, the faster he would fly. We at length, however, all learned to manage master hurricane, and the distance between Rockburg and Falconhurst was traversed in an almost incredibly short space of time. The marvellous speed of the bird again revived the dispute as to the ownership, and I was obliged to interfere. Jack shall retain the ostrich, said I, for it is most suited to him. He is a lighter weight than either of you his elder brothers, and Franz is not yet strong enough to manage such a fleet coarser. But he is so far to be considered common property that all may practice on him occasionally, and in case of necessity any one may mount him. Our fieldwork was by this time over. The land had been plowed and sown with wheat, barley, and maize. On the other side of Jackal River we had planted potatoes and cassava roots, and all sorts of other seeds had been carefully sown. We had not neglected the ostrich's eggs, and one day Fritz introduced me with great glee to three little ostriches. But alas the little creatures were not destined to enjoy life long. One died almost as soon as it was hatched, and the others, after tottering about on their stilt-like legs for a few days, followed its example. I now found time to turn my attention to the bear's skins, which required preparation before they would be fit for use as leather. They had been salted and dried, and now required tanning. I had no tan, however. This was unfortunate, but not to be deterred from my purpose, I determined to use a mixture of honey and water in its place. The experiment proved successful. When the skins were dried they remained flexible and free from smell, while the fur was soft and glossy. This was not the only result of the experiment, for the honey water which I boiled appeared so clear and tempting that it struck me that I might prepare from it an excellent drink. I put by some of the liquid before making use of it as tan, and re-boiled it with nutmeg and cinnamon. The preparation, which much resembled English mead, was pronounced delicious, and the mother begged me to brew a large supply. As our cellar was now well stocked with provisions for the winter, and our other preparations were completed, I was able to turn my attention to details of lesser importance. The boys had been clamoring for hats, and as my success in so many trades had surprised me, I agreed to turn hatter for the nons. With the rat skins and a solution of India rubber, I produced a kind of felt, which I dyed a brilliant red with cochineal, and stretching this on a wooden block I had prepared, I passed over it a hot iron to smooth the nap, and by next morning had the satisfaction of presenting to my wife a neat little red Swiss cap to be lined and finished by her for one of the boys. The mother admired the production immensely, and, lining it with silk, added yet more to its gay appearance by adorning it with ribbons and ostrich feathers, and finally placed it upon the head of little fronds. So delighted was everyone with the hat that all were eager to be similarly provided, and I was able to turn my attention to details of the So delighted was everyone with the hat that all were eager to be similarly provided, and begged me to manufacture more. I readily agreed to do so as soon as they should furnish me with the necessary materials, and advised them to make half a dozen rat traps, that they might secure the water rats, with which the stream abounded, and whose rich glossy fur would serve admirably for felt. Every fifth animal that they brought me, I told them, should be mine, that I might obtain material for a hat for myself and their mother. The boys at once agreed to this arrangement, and began the manufacture of the traps, which were all so made that they should kill the rats at once, for I could not bear the idea of animals being tortured or imprisoned. While they were thus engaged, I applied myself to the manufacture of porcelain. I first cleaned the pipe-clay and talc from all foreign substances, and made them ready to be beaten down with water into a soft mass, and then prepared my molds of gypsum plaster. These preparations were at length made, and the molds received a thin layer of the porcelain material. When this was partly baked, I sprinkled over it a powder of colored glass beads which I had crushed, and which looked very pretty in patterns upon the transparent porcelain. Some of my china vessels cracked with the heat of the stove. Some were very ill-shaped, but after many failures I succeeded in producing a set of white cups and saucers, a cream jug, a sugar basin, and half a dozen small plates. I must allow that my china was far from perfect, the shape of some of the vessels was faulty, and none were really transparent. Nevertheless, the general appearance gave great satisfaction, and when the plates were filled with rosy and golden fruit resting on green leaves, and fragrant tea filled the cups, it greatly added to the appearance of the table.