 a very good morning to all of you and I welcome you once again to my channel, join my telegram group Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education at Siskhanna Girls Tickly College. It is a constituent college of University of Alahabba and my lecture will be in bilingual mode in the as well as in English. Do subscribe my channel and this video will be useful for teaching examinations. Okay, so today's topic is an emotional development. Samvegi Kvikas. Emotional development of the learner. This is a very important concept and important stage of development. And we are related to any specific field. This can be a romantic topic to learn about how Samvegi Kvikas is developed. So let's start. First, let's talk about emotions. Okay, let me tell you that I have already made a video of an understanding of emotions. So you will see it first. It will be better for you. Still, I have done a quick review on emotions. So how to talk about emotions in psychology? What does emotions mean? In layman, we understand emotions. What is science? According to the American Psychological Association, APA. How did they define emotions? Emotion is defined as a complex reaction pattern. It is not as easy as it seems to us. Involving experiential, behavioral and psychological elements. Emotions are how individuals deal with matters or situations they find personally significant. What can we say? What is it? When a person faces a problem, a situation, a situation which he personally thinks is significant. It is important for him. So how does an individual deal with the same emotion? Then emotional experiences have three components. We can say that any emotion we feel can have three components. What are they? A subjective experience. How did we perceive them? Then we will react. A physiological response. Physiological response means that our heart increases. Physiology is involved in this. And a behavioral or expressive response. What are the responses that we have given? So if we solve objective questions, in MCQs, we get such questions that what are the three components of an emotional experience? Or which component is not an emotional experience? So we should pick these three components. Subjective experience, physiological response and behavioral or expressive response. Then emotional psychologist Paul Ickman. Paul Ickman identified six basic emotions and told us that these are the six basic emotions that are connected to them. What are the six basic emotions? Sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. So sometimes the question is what are the six basic emotions or how many basic emotions have been talked about. Do you know which are the basic emotions? So sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. This will happen. But then in 1980 Robert Lutcich, a psychologist, told us eight basic emotions. But how did he tell us? Extremely. Like joy, happiness and sadness. How did he tell us? One extreme and two extreme. So they gave four and they got eight for the end. Then more recently, we got a recent study, a new study from the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of Glasgow in 2014. What is the recent study? It is found that instead of six, instead of six, there may only be four. Easily recognizable basic emotions. We can say that there are basic emotions and you can easily recognize them with your face. Why? Because he said that your fear and anger, sorry, surprise and disgust. His expression is almost the same, fear and anger are almost the same. So he discussed fear, oblique anger and surprise and oblique disgust. So sadness, happiness, fear and oblique anger, surprise and oblique disgust. So these are four. Okay. So this is the science of emotions. Which we are generally happy or sad in layman. Or we are chakit or we are bhiwal, whatever we think. But there is a lot of difference between neuroscience and other neuroscience. Now let's see what emotional development is. Emotional development. Do we understand from emotional development? Emergence of the experience. And regulation of emotions. From birth, and the growth and change in those capacities. And our age, we have emotions. Throughout childhood, from childhood to adolescence, and adulthood. And the development of emotions occurs in conjunction with, means it is not alone in a vacuum, but in conjunction with neural. For our neural background, cognitive, scientific and behavioral. And emerges within a particular social and cultural context. And how does this happen? It has a particular social and cultural context. And our sanskriti. It shows us what kind of emotional development will happen in us, or according to certain norms. So it will come in social and cultural context. Then it involves learning what feelings and emotions are. What emotions and feelings are? Understanding how and why they are there. Understanding why they are there. Recognizing one's feelings. And those of others. Recognizing other's feelings. And developing effective ways for managing those feelings. And this is what we have to do. That is the most important and effective way to manage these feelings. So all of this will come in emotional development. We know about emotional intelligence. It also tells us to understand our emotions and other's emotions as well. Then, if we talk about major stages. If we talk about emotional development through three main steps, then what will be the main steps? The first is identifying and understanding emotions. The first and most important thing is that first we will recognize and understand emotions. After that, managing all emotions. When we cross the stage, we will be able to manage the emotions. And then, the last stage is Empathy and Relationship skills. That is, we will be able to communicate with others. And Relationship skills. There are also two parts to this. Identifying and understanding emotions. Recognizing and describing emotions and understanding emotions. Understanding and understanding emotions. After that, monitoring and reflecting on your emotions. Monitoring your emotions. Reflecting them. Regulating them. We can't show any emotions everywhere. We have to regulate them. Then, establishing and maintaining positive relationships. Our colleagues, our peer groups, our relatives. We have to establish a positive relationship. Showing Empathy for the feelings. If someone is sad, then how can we show emotions? And supporting others. If there is a problem, then we have to help them. Everything is coming into emotional development. Then, we will start with the stages. We will start with Infancy. The 6th stage is the child. So, what happens? Promotes the transition from complete dependency to autonomy. Which stage is that child going through? Complete dependency. On care takers, mothers, the complete dependency. Then, the expression of interest promotes Exploration and Cognitive Development. Then, Infants unique tendency to experience and express particular emotions. And the stress hold for expressing those emotions is usually referred to as their temperament and characteristic Emotionality. Which is its unique tendency. Which is its speciality. How it experiences it. Then, the expression of interest promotes Exploration and cognitive development. How it experiences it. How it expresses particular emotions. We can call all that temperament or we can say that these are its emotional characteristics. So, here is Infancy. Here, the child shows some emotions. Like sadness, happiness, something like that. There is a social smile at this stage. Then, Early Child. Early Child has some changes in emotional development. Due to rapid maturation of the frontal lobes and the limbic circuit in the brain. The brain of the child is developed. So, the recognition of these self-emerges. Meaning, the experience of self is able to recognize it. As a result, the toddler strives to become more independent. The child wants to be independent. He says, I will do it myself. And the expression of anger and defiance increases that struggle for autonomy. In Infancy, the child has no expression of anger. Why is anger here? Because it is a struggle of nature. The ability to differentiate the self from others also promotes basic empathetic behavior and moral understanding. Because we have to differentiate the self from others. The emotions that emerge with the rudimentary conception of the self are often called self-conscious emotions like embarrassment, guilt and pride. So, what are the emotions that we can call self-conscious emotions? Sharm or embarrassment or something like that. Or we have a problem with pride or something like that. So, these emotions begin to develop here. As children enter pre-school they begin to label their own emotions. So, as soon as the child enters pre-school he learns to name his emotions. Then, middle and late childhood style. Stable self-concepts based on the child's typical emotional experiences emerge. The consistent experience of patterns of self-conscious emotions has an impact on the child's self-concept. The patterns of self-conscious emotions help in the self-concept development. To experience multiple mixed emotions likely emerges with the cognitive capacity to understand multiple aspects of the situation called de-centration. At this time, the child is either sad or happy or angry or he has any shame or guilt or pride. But when he enters here, he experiences multiple emotions. Such as he is sad or happy. For example, he is going to a place where he has transferred to a place where he is happy or sad. So, this is the experience. This is the feeling of the situation. This is the complex pattern. We don't always express what we feel. So, the complex reaction pattern begins to develop when the child reaches middle and late childhood. This is the process of de-centration. In adolescence, emotional development comes with an increased struggle for autonomy. Increased time spent with peers and less time spent with family. There are more problems for the self-concept. We have grown up, we can do it. We don't have children. Adolescents spend more time with their friends and work with their family. They become less emotionally dependent on their parents. They are less dependent on their parents' emotions. But this autonomy often emerges after a period of conflict and increased experience of negative emotions. But the autonomy is very powerful. Then, they experience negative emotions. They get scolded and say, you have grown up and they say a lot of things. After a conflict and after the experience of negative emotions they get autonomy. And there is a problem as per sex. Girls often experience a longer period of elevated negative effect than boys. They have to bear more negative experiences. There are many reasons for this. Adolescents often experience emotional distress in response to ambiguous romantic exchanges and their capacity to experience complex and diverse emotions. Further promotes the development of abstract thinking. Emotional development is connected to cognitive development. Both are not disconnected. We are told when we reach in the concrete operational and in the formal operational and in the formal operational and in the hypothetical deductive reasoning when the child reaches in the adolescent age abstract reasoning begins here. There is a response and experience and imagination to try to understand complex things. Emotional thinking helps in the development of emotions. Then, they often seek a stable peer group as a context for emotional management. The peer group relies on the peer group for stress management. The peer group can be friends or siblings. Then, identity development is important for adolescents as their approach. When we look at the psychosocial aspect of adolescence, what is our identity versus role crisis? So, we need to develop an identity so that it can be smoothly approached otherwise it cannot be done. Then, if strong emotional development is done then 5 key skills students may develop self awareness social awareness emotional regulation responsible decision making relationship building. We know that Daniel Goldman's frame sorry then inclusion If we want to remove our topic then what will they say? Neuroscience research has revealed that just as children can be taught literacy and numeracy. Neuroscience research has proved that as we teach students to read, to learn, they can also be trained to develop emotional skills. We can develop them in different courses. As a result, we can train developing minds right from early childhood to deal with stress and anxiety. If we can do this, we will be able to deal with the stress and anxiety we can train them to deal with it better. Then, emotional literacy can be taught to children. We can teach children emotional literacy so that they may be aware of different emotions that they experience and can learn how to manage their own emotions in a better way. In a better way. We can teach emotional literacy to children so that they can understand their emotions and be able to label them and manage them. Emotional development is a very important topic. Generally, in schools there is less emphasis on cognitive development but it has proved that if the child is not emotionally stable, the child will not develop well. Emotional development is also important. So, I have completed emotional development today. Thank you all. Don't forget to like and subscribe my channel and join my telegram group too. Okay? Done from my side.