 Research on nanotechnology application in the oil and gas industry has been growing rapidly in the past decade. Nanoscale materials in various forms such as solid composites, complex fluids, and functional nanoparticle fluid combinations are key to the new technological advances. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the petroleum industry both upstream and downstream. This article was authored by Madan Nurajista, Kuangua, and Jishinyu.