 Inverted perovskite solar cells, PSCs, have been developed as an alternative to traditional NIP PSCs due to their higher efficiency and better stability. Recent advances in CTMs and defect passivation techniques have enabled the development of high performance inverted PSCs with efficiencies comparable to those of NIP PSCs. Despite this progress, there remains room for improvement in terms of further increasing the efficiency of inverted PSCs. This article was authored by Sanwan Lu, Vasudevan P Biju, Yabing Qi, and others.