 Ok, good afternoon to you all. I am Vijay. So, I will be handling the psychology optional and for the GS, I will be coming for an environment. So, what we are going to see today is we will try to understand what is that psychology as a subject. So, what is the subject matter? So, what are the contents we have, what are the syllabus and what it is dealing and how it can be applied and finally, we will also try to see from the UPC point of view. So, how the psychology optional is performing, what is the scoring pattern and other things and finally, we will have a question and answer session. So, online students, please check for the audio and video. If you have any doubts, you can post it in the chat box. So, I can see and periodically I will also try to you know give the response. So, the first and foremost doubt most of them have whether do you need any prior background sometimes. So, I hope many of from engineering, arts and science, right. So, how many of you from engineering? Ok. So, how many of you from pure sciences, BSc, MSc and how many of you from arts background? Ok one or two. So, other courses are there. So, whichever the background you are. So, the first and foremost my answer is if you want to pursue a MA or MSc psychology now in any university, Bardya or Madras University, the qualification is any graduate from recognized university. So, actually about you know psychology if you want to do an MA or MSc, there is no prior background because for economics now you need to have a BA economics, but psychology it is not that and also many people think that psychology now it is more related to medical. So, actually within the psychology we have a part which is called clinical psychology that is what related to biological and medical basis, but if you see the psychology whatever the syllabus that is given in the UPSC and most of your BSc and MSc psychology or BA, MA psychology it is more oriented to social sciences. So, how you see sociology, anthropology in that line only. So, when the brain apathy vatapoma whether we will study about brain. So, brain parts no actually even we are not even going to study about brain. If you are interested there will be one chapter on biological basis of behavior. So, there you can for your interest you can see it, but actually we are not really getting into the medical part, we are only going to see the social science or psychology as a social science basis. So, first one is now let us see what is the subject you just have a look at this picture. I know some of the pictures some different types of pictures personality and some event. So, can you tell me? So, those pictures and what is your response from this pictures? Ongelda responds in that because psychology is more of a interactive subject it cannot be a theoretical oriented it is a theoretical oriented, but it has completely application oriented now. So, first person Usain Bolt. So, he is a sportsman. So, when you see him what is the impression immediately you get motivation, achievement motivation and you can see Hitler determination and also. So, we have a negative view on Hitler. So, post use is not long even though we have some post use, but we have some negative view and you see Gandhi. So, I will say these are all personality am right what makes Hitler to do that action it is a behavior. So, we study behavior what made Hitler to do the action what made Gandhi to do like that. So, today if you take leadership across the world even in a horror university they are talking about only Gandhi as a leader. Why Gandhi as a leader they are talking more? You take Gandhi in modern India if you have started if a modern India started you see Gandhi, Gandhi had appearance ok. So, body is height weight you see his skin color ok and he see his dressing style, but Gandhi does not have any political power he is not a you know leader political leader nothing like that, but Gandhi when he gave a call across India everyone obeyed it actually that is what leadership. So, leader that is a true leadership see today there are many leader who have a political power. So, we have prime ministers presidents and various leaders who has some political power who have their military who have a you know police and other forces authority law and all. Now, without they come at that is different that comes with the political power this is something called personal power and what makes the Hitler to you know mesmerize the people and Hitler you know did the action something you know he killed lakhs and lakhs of Jews Germans supported surprisingly people supported him I mean people supported for the war. See normally if any country if India is going for a world war now immediately you will think why we have to go for a world war. So, you will start questioning the leadership you will start questioning the ideas of the leaders political party, but when he gave a call Hitler gave a call even though it is a negative view, but as a leader he proved. So, that is the behavior. So, achievement mutation is a behavior now you see a terrorist do you think terrorists are psychological problems they have no not at all we cannot psychological problems now we call it as psychopath. So, criminals are bothering hardcore criminals the different types of criminals who do grave crime, but if you take a terrorist no he is a normal person like us like you like me, but he will be trained psychologically trained in one year in the terrorist organization. So, the same sort of a training is also being done in police it also being done in what to say in military also, but it will be intense in the terrorism. Now the training after the training of one and a half two years of time they are completely turned they develop a very strong prejudice over the society they feel everyone as our group even they are ready to give up their family friends everything they are able to do such a crime to kill many number of people Ajmal Kasabla you would have heard about he came he took a gun and killed more than 300 people such a you know drastic action they are able to do it. So, that is the one example that is another example. So, these are all normal. So, why a child fears for it. So, if you see psychology psychology mostly we study about behaviors. So, if you want what psychology will give you. So, after you study well about the subject you study the subject well finally, you can get some answers. So, why some are shy why some are talkative. So, we have some people introverted some people extroverted for outgoing some people are very shy reserved. So, why why such that is a behavior. So, why such behavior comes and sometime if someone says something bad about you some people will not bother and I want to say whatever you tell you go, but some people you know they will keep on thinking about overnight one day night two day night no they fail there you know they skip their sleep they will be keep on thinking about it. So, that is something obsessing. So, some people when when someone criticizes they obsess it for a very long time they were much worried. So, why it happens to some people and so, second education coming to the education psychology some cannot sit and study for a long time. So, habits. So, some develop that habit. So, normally if you want to develop a habit how many days you know it needs 21 days, but actual it it comes in even anywhere between 18 8 days to 264 days, but at an average 66 days you want to change a behavior you have a bad habit you want to do some changes. So, if you come from a college and all so, if you take for this exam you need to sit and study for 78 hours of time. So, that we have to do. So, initially immediately you sit for seven hours eight hours of time you will do only for two days three days. So, you have to build that habit it seems that once any habit or behavior you build it for 66 days at an average that will come at as an habit in your life. So, and the next one forgetting. So, you study something. So, hereafter you will come to know. So, normally I hope normally you have started it. So, when you when you further enter you will see that people will study a lot and we will be studying a lot, but we will be keep on forgetting why because the reason is as a psychological research clearly shows that any content you read you can only remember 30 percent after nine hours of time that is a typical one. So, by doing some techniques by some certain techniques memory improvement technique you can increase. So, it is not possible for you to retain whatever you study that is also true. So, in a memory chapter we will try to understand this and then come to the social part honor killing you could see that and the caste issues and class issues and all the father the father and mother will kill their daughter or will their son because of only one reason that their daughter their daughter or son would have married a other caste. So, why such a strong prejudice why people are ready to even emotional it is a very emotional I am right. So, 21 years 22 years rearing a child bringing up a child a daughter just for one issue for caste or for caste or some whatever the major issue ethnic issues or something they are ready to even kill them. So, why is such a thought process happened. So, that is normally we call it is a honor killing. So, why it is all social part. So, and how people could crime or could commit such a in women crime like Nirbaya I hope daily crime case but in a. So, in that crime case life you have seen some documentary here only one person have done the most crime actually he committed suicide in the they told that he committed suicide in that particular jail. So, if you see that when he was interviewed he did not have any guilt at all he said that the girl did a mistake that girl was not good ok a girl should not come by 9 o'clock in the dress with a boy that is wrong. So, that is what he was justifying actually his mind has been like that ok it is a pathological. So, this is another perspective the psychology tries to understand then you can see if you take advertisements today lot of advertisements you can see news channels and all they are using lot of models attractive model for selling their products it is a marketing. So, why they have to use in advertisement and any marketing they are going for attractive model what is the reason for it. So, if you these are some of the some examples I am trying to tell when you study psychology we will try to understand about behavior we will try to get some answers we cannot get a definite answer, but we will try to get some answers for all this questions including ok these are the questions. Now, we will see what is psychology. So, psychology if you see a definition as a formal definition we try to understand human behavior and mental process. So, only two terms are there. So, the first term is called human behavior it is nothing, but overt behavior external action see all the way you come and sit here partner. So, what motivates you? See after your graduation you could have gone for some job. So, some of your colleges or they would have even a campus interview would have come. So, you would have lifted or you could have gone for some other job for 15,000 or 20,000 whichever maybe you would have started your career, but all the way you left it and you pay money and you are coming and sitting here. So, that is something a motivation is there some sort of a motivation what drives you. So, that is what it is something called overt behavior external action. So, anything external action that is one we have to see. Second is internal mental process. So, what is running inside your mind? Adhuntirino that is also very important. So, outward action can be different, but inside something will be running in your mind that is also different. So, when you understand these two things you can understand a person better. So, that is what you can see psychology the one is overt action many external behavior any type of a behavior it can be within the organization in your family within yourself even you can see a boy a child is smoking this observation learning. So, this behavior comes does not like that just like that does not come to him he observes from it some sort of a process is happening that is what he is doing it. So, gossiping this is not all gossiping behavior. So, whichever the behavior external action overt we call it so, O V E R T overt external, overt behavior we try to understand. And second is internal inside the mind. So, something like emotions thought feeling love sex anger depression memories. So, which we cannot see it which is happening inside the mind that we are trying to study. This is what in psychology broadly we try to study in two aspect one we try to understand the overt behavior second is we try to understand the internal mental process. Overt behavior we can understand 100 percent because we can see we can observe 100 percent we can easily understand, but the internal mental process under the it is always a very difficult, but that also we can understand to some extent so, that we can understand the person better or we can understand the situation or person in a better way. So, ultimate a whole psychology if you take it what we are going to study is now first thing if you see anyone's behavior or your own behavior first you will try to describe what is the type of the behavior. We have a definite pattern. So, we see it is not psychology something open nagaray we have a systematic it is a systematic subject there is a systematic pattern. We will try to understand everyone everyone's behavior in a particular pattern particular pattern now it is something I can call it as a school of thought. So, total a way I will say that in psychology there are only some 4 to 5 schools of thought there is one school of thought which comes from the Freudian school of thought we have a you know humanism school of thought number 4 to 5 schools of thought is there within that only we are going to completely study if you are clear in the schools of thought the entire psychology itself is over. So, first one we will try to understand a particular type of behavior within a school of thought what is that type of behavior. Second we will try to understand why that vertical behavior happens. So, you take you explain you are a shy. So, that is I am explaining you you are a shy type introverted type. So, why that particular reason comes ok what is the reason for it you will take it in a nirbhya case or even in a honor killing what is the reason for that behavior. So, that we will try to explain that is number 2. So, once you understand this then what we can do we can predict that person or it is a person or a group whichever it may be. So, right now you know Manipura issue is going on you can see that. So, what is the reason for it class conflict the ethnic conflict you see that ethnic conflict goes in such a such a extent to do such a crime. So, we understand what is the behavior is we try to understand what is the reason for the behavior why people are acting in that and we will try to understand how they will act in the future. So, from the public administration point of view it is very important. So, that we can control certain behavior individual behavior as well as a group behavior. So, finally the fourth one once you know this three then change the behavior. So, we go for ultimately psychology objective is behavior modification program down. So, whatever we study in the psychology we do two things if it is a individual we give some sort of a therapy or behavior modification program if it is a group we give it as a training. So, two areas only we are working most of the time on third one is research this is a three area generally a psychologist work. So, change the behavior and the mental process. So, what are the various changes? So, that we can apply in anywhere you take environmental. So, today we have a clean India mission search bar of mission. So, but still you can see some toilet construction and all we have done still open defecation is happening the behavior change is not happening. So, especially India and all what we need is something more of attitude change behavioral change. So, that is what we are seeing in this chapter in this entire psychology as a subject. Then you see the entire psychology please understand we are going to see in a only particular perspective. So, probably would have read some psychology books and all. So, I will say that it is a very general book, but psychology as a subject we are going to study only under certain school of thought. So, what are the school of thought and all just I am giving only a small intro that is one school of thought is called psycho dynamism school of thought. So, it was proposed by Freud Freud and followers. So, it is a different school of thought we have. Second this behaviorist school of thought they talk only about the behavior external behaviors. The third school of thought is called cognitive school of thought. So, cognitive now it is a mind it is a mental process how you process that information that is called the cognitive perspective. The fourth school of thought it is called humanistic school of thought. So, it is a it came in 1950. So, because once upon a time they believed that only intelligent people can you know survive intelligent people only can succeed, but later 1950s under the thought process has changed. They feel that everyone has some sort of a potential, everyone wants personal growth, everyone wants freedom. So, that movement has created a lot of changes in many company. So, today if you go to many industries and all you can see that they will be they will be doing a lot of small group activity where operators will also solve problems. So, one point of time they think that only engineers solve problem in a factory, but now it is not so even some operators also you know who are workers also they can solve the problem they teach them they learn them that is a humanism. So, we will see the humanistic perspective. The last perspective is a social psychological perspective it is called social psychology. Actually social psychological perspective is also borrowed from this four perspective now. In reality our major four perspectives this is the four perspective we are going to see the psychology. There is a fifth perspective that is a biological medical perspective that actually we do not have. So, it is not in the syllabus only the four perspectives only every chapter if you go they will be only dealing about this four perspective now. So, in that only we study we go on. So, that we will have a you know continuity. So, we can easily you know you can easily follow the subject. So, it will not be isolated subject even though subject like learning memory in my subject with all know it will be like a different subjects, but in reality if you see all or single line down. So, you can take a track you can move on if you take a psychodynamicism you can move through some chapters. If you take a humanism all the chapter will deal about humanism all the other chapters will deal about the cognitive. This is a four perspective we have ok. Now, come to the syllabus. So, they have you know that the optional will have two paper paper one paper two. So, how in psychology they have done this the first paper is a foundations of psychology. So, foundations of psychology it will contain some 14 chapters, but the real effective chapter is 9 to 10 chapter that is a core chapter rest 3, 4 chapters or peripheral chapters. So, that is the first chapter first you know paper one. Paper two if you come to paper two it is completely application. So, whatever the psychology you study that we have to apply. If you see most of our students with the course goes for 4 and 2 to 5 months of time or even in the exam they devote they are studying for 4 4 months or 4 months or 5 months, 3 and a half months they will be dedicating for paper one, 3 and a half to 4 months they will be dedicating for paper one, 1 month only they will be dedicating for paper two. Because once you are strong in this paper one definitely paper two will not be a challenge ok, paper two just like that application. So, paper one the the challenge will have that is what we have to systematically we have to study we have to go. Paper two just like that application once you know all the concept because only four schools of thought we have the four schools of thought some concepts will be there. So, you can take the concept you can easily apply. So, whether it is a social thing like honor killing or environment anything you take it in organization you can easily apply it. So, paper two will not have a challenge paper one only we have to study. So, what in paper one we will study is we will be studying some few some of the important chapters I will tell you there is one chapter learning chapter the complete behaviorism will come. So, learning now do not think that is a studying book. So, right now whatever the behavior you have that and all this is a learnt response. So, classroom you just come here you come and sit here that is I will say that is one learning and then after the class you will go you know you will sleep that is one learning. So, if you take our human behavior all the human behavior comes from the learning. So, they will be explaining why that learning happens then the second is the very important chapter is a personality chapter. So, in the personality chapter your complete consolidation of your behavior. So, why that personality what is the personality what are the various personality try it. So, if I want to define a person's personality I want to understand you know I have one psychological testing if I give it I can understand what type of a person you are and also I can tell reasons. So, it is not so easy, but I can tell how you will behave in the future and also we can tell how can change the behavior suppose undesirable behaviors you have bad habits you have how to change the habit that completely we will study in the personality and then we have another chapter memory. So, here we are going to study about the memory system. So, now once upon a time they thought that memory is just one we study we see something that goes that registers and then whenever we we want it recalls we take a recall like a computer input storage output that is what once upon a time we thought, but even today biology even medical sciences or even neurosciences they are not able to prove the complete brain, but without going to a brain we have proved in psychology we have proved however memory system clearly works. So, we K we told that we have three memory system sensory memory there is something called short-term memory I hope you would have seen the movie Gajini. So, short-term memory loss. So, first it goes to sensory memory it goes to short-term memory and then it goes to your long-term memory these are three stages of memory we have. So, through some small research and experiment we have studied the memory system then we have a chapter called motivation emotion. So, the chapter clearly tells what makes what is that motivation. So, for everyone's motivation you have motive all the way you come for a civil service some motive is there if I ask you will tell services only, but what is the real motive whether you have a achievement motive whether you have a power motive. So, whether you have a money motive whether you have a status motive. So, some sort of a motives will be there. So, that is that is what the motivation chapter we study and very important is if you take a people who achieve high in the high in our organization or high in your life even you take a sportsman or leaders even within the bureaucrats even in a politician at all people with a high achievement motivation how they will be what type of characteristics they will be or how they will be. So, what their routine activity. So, that and all they scientifically we have understood how the motivation happen and also motivation emotion comes together how our emotional process happen how do we experience our emotion and the emotion. So, what are the negative emotions normally positive emotion. So, how this negative emotion comes. So, why we were not able to sometime manage this negative emotion. So, that and all we will try to understand this chapter and then other chapters some other miscellaneous chapters like intelligence is there. Intelligence law, but you know once upon a time they told that IQ intelligent quotient who scores more than 130. So, scores anyone IQ test law if you score more than 120 130 or intelligent and also it is a very normal practice for us to tell that school law you get a highest mark even during the school in your school someone would have got first rank second rank your teacher will say that he is a intelligent boy he is a intelligent girl. So, do you think that getting a high score in a schooling can we say that they are intelligent no once upon a time we defined in that way. So, one who perform academically good score who get a good marks in the school and also in IQ test anyone scores 130 140. So, normally they are all high intelligent, but later we came to know that no. So, that is totally wrong there is something called emotional intelligence it is given in your paper four ethics paper lab there is something called creative intelligence there is something called practical intelligence. So, that type of intelligence and all they never thought it. Now, here in this chapter we will comprehensively understand what are the different types of intelligence we have in our life and today what intelligence is very important IQ is important IQ minimum or 100 if you are if anyone is 60 70 or something retarded that should not be minimum 90 to 100 you should have, but there are other type of intelligence we have. So, we will try to comprehensively understand what are the different types of intelligent how intelligent people behave. So, that and all we will try to understand and then language and communication. So, here this chapter is a common chapter normally communication training and all I hope in your school colleges you would have heard. So, what are the different modes of communication how to improve communication how to improve thing language we will try study we will specifically we study about how a language development happens to a child. And second thing is language normally we are all bilingual most of us bilingual someone will be monolingual someone will be multilingual. So, what is the difference between it it is good to be a monolingual being in one language or it is good to be in two languages or three languages. So, that and all we will try to study in this chapter and then there is one chapter this is a very applied chapter thinking problem solving under this chapter we will discuss we will elaborately discuss about problem solving how whenever a problem comes how we solve the problem. And there is a sub chapter in this decision making. So, normally people how they make decisions and also there is one sub chapter called creativity. So, how creativity happens what are the process of creativity how creativity people will behave. So, whether creativity people or intelligent people or not. So, they have found that not so every creativity people you cannot say that they are all having IQ of 141 30 la correct. So, this is what. So, most of the time you can see the paper one will be the foundations which will be within the schools of thought. So, once you understand this paper one if you are good in the paper one once we do good in the paper one then comes paper two. So, issues and application. So, when you come to the issues and application I will broadly divided into three to four group. So, there is one area this is what a clinical part. So, here even though it is a clinical part we are not going to study about biological basis and all here we will try to understand how psychometric testing psychological testing we do. So, if you want to assess a personality if you want assess a educational achievement if you want to assess attitude if you want to measure anything psychological parameter we go for a psychological testing. So, we will see only the basic levels of psychological testing then we will also discuss about few mental disorders. So, especially like anxiety disorders and depressive disorders some clinical level disorders, but we are going to only see the symptom we are not going to study like medical science. Three is therapy this is what behavior modification program because I told not the four schools of thought. The four schools of thought has given how to they told how to understand a behavior how to reason out the behavior and also they told how to predict a behavior and change the behavior that is through therapy. It is also called as therapy or it is also called as a behavior modification program it can be for anyone. So, today even this behavior modification program even for the corporates they are doing for the higher executives CO is not wrong. So, for them also certain undesirable you know behaviors they may have. So, for changing that they go for some therapeutic approaches or behavior modification program and then rehabilitation I will say this four it is one you know one area. So, from this area itself in paper 200 mark comes then second is organization psychology applied to education. So, organization psychology it is it can be helpful in management and even an administration and all. So, whatever this psychology we study how we can use it suppose you become an IAS officer yes you can be in IAS or IPS or IFS let me take this three service. So, when you go to a IFS officer Indian Foreign Service officer that time you should know only the behavior today Russian issue. So, from psychologically we can analyze why Russia Putin is behaving this way why Zelensky is behaving that way. So, what psychological process? So, even in psychology itself we study how conflict management should be done whether it is a personal conflict or within a family conflict or even that. So, organization psychology will give you a overall picture how an organization work how the team members work. So, normally what are all the problem in organization they face and how psychology can be used to understand the motivation and other thing. Most of your HR concepts normally comes in this and specifically education education. So, here so, schooling college now you see our education system do you tell me personal opinion are you happy with our education system not. So, you go and see US you go and see European Union you see their education system our education system has been made in such a way for a particular objective ok. You have to get a score you have to go for a job other than, but if you go to a US education system you go to a European Union education system their education system is totally different completely different. So, like this mark system and all they have very minimum the credit system. So, education system basically the reason is actually they have applied a lot of psychology alone because today we study psychology in India, but psychology as a subject came from US and European Union down the two country down they are the they are the one who have taken the all the concepts of psychology they know which will work which will not work and they have applied in their education system. But actually now only we have started new education policy. So, some psychological things we have done it, but still because of our social cultural and other issues and all. So, we have to go for a job we are not economically advanced. So, US, European Union and all they are all economically advanced, but now you see here not so in you are you are a US citizen you do not want to bother about health you do not want to bother about education, but here everything we have to take care. So, country in the country when it is completely different. So, how psychology can be applied to education how to bring the best education system. So, that we try to understand in this thing and this chapter is completely sociology oriented how psychology is applied to the community ok. So, especially disadvantaged group people who are living in poverty and social integration is nothing, but conflicts caste conflict. So, that and all we will try to understand in this chapter including women discrimination. So, why women are discriminated. So, what are the reason? So, that and all we will try to apply. So, most of the time what we see from the paper 1 that is what we are applying in the paper 2. This is something miscellaneous how psychology is applied in military sports other miscellaneous chapter ok. So, as a nutshell paper 1 is a basic foundation that is a concept from the 4 perspective 4 to 5 perspective that we study well that we can take it and we can easily apply it. Because for paper 1 we will be having two book for paper 2 there is only one book we have. So, that one book only we have to study and then application. So, anyway in the class we will take care. So, we will take care how we need to apply that ok. So, this is a broad view about the two papers. Now, from the UPSC point of view. So, if you want to take psychology as an optional I will say that there should be only one criteria. What is the criteria in a interest? See that is a common criteria for any optional. So, that should not be any consideration when you see a subject you should feel some interest. It should be it can be a new subject to you or it can be a old subject whichever may be. Why I am saying is because this is a competitive exam. So, it is not a normal academic exam. It is a normal academic exam not 70 80 percent you can get it you can go through, but it is a competitive exam. Within your competition you have to perform as on the vision. So, if you are good in this if you are if you are interested in the subject you will stick on to the subject for the 5 to 6 months of time you will perform well. So, that is what always they say that whichever option you choose on the main criteria is interest over the subject is very important ok. So, if you take a psychology as a subject if you are interested now then we need not bother about anything as a subject as a you know notes whichever may be that and all we will give it. So, only question is whether you are interested. So, you want to learn that if you want to learn that you can come for the psychology. So, come into the UPC point of view. So, basically I told you it is a more of a social science and behavioral science psychology still now psychology has not come under a pure sciences, pure sciences not that is sorry like physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, medical sciences or pure sciences. So, in that category still it has not come some are sciences, but most of them are social and behavioral sciences. And the second thing is it has less biological basis. So, we are not going to study about brain and all only in emotion one or two chapters we will study about one or two parts, but complete brain we are not going to study. If you are interested you can have a go and look at that, but it has got less biological basis it is more of a social science basis. And it does not need any specific background. So, that again I want to tell you whichever background you are a BA English literature whether you are a BCOM whether you are a BSE engineering whichever background you can come because most of our even last year students blue she is a BSE visual communication now. So, even we have some arts graduate engineers more because number of engineers who are coming into the you know civil services more. So, whichever the background you are does not matter because it can be easily understood because as a subject that is the reason MA M field MA MSVA you know they keep it as a BA any graduation now. So, you do not go for any prior thing because you study the chapter even you go take a NCRT book plus one book if you study it you will understand. So, there is no challenge at all. So, it has immense application it is a scoring paper because of its applicative nature ok normally they look for application now. So, in the class we will only see the concept we will see the application. Next comes the it is a mode of a practical, but has theoretical base. So, it is not a very open paper and all any paper any sociology or any paper any social science paper you go it will have some thinkers. So, we call here as a we will not call them as a thinker we call them as a researcher. So, normally their theoretical perspective I do not know the four theoretical perspective within that only ok we will try to see it and also it will have practical and then it can be easily connected with real time example that is one of the very important one we have. See when you enter into each and every chapter you do not want to think outside you can think inside because you study about learning you study about memory you study about emotions motivation personality. So, you can question that will start questioning you only. So, we are going to study about ourselves now. So, the subject nature is of that you know orientation and it can be applied to the individual. So, self-self-development even in social level. So, that is what social psychology we have HR and management and administration. So, we have lot of application. So, today most of the HR policies you know it is will be mother subject will be psychology. So, what challenges you will have? So, it will be as I already told you we have to study it under a certain perspective. So, schools of that now we have open a rhythm here. So, they will tell this is a this is the procedure you follow the procedure all of them. So, certain schools of that we have to go for it will have some scientific studies supported with simple experiments and case studies. So, simple experiments and case study now I will tell you what is that for example. In memory they want to do a research in a research now you study something you forget it. So, what is the reason for it? Something you study and then over 5 days 6 days you forget it you make you cannot recall. So, you may think that time delay. So, the 5 days is gone. So, because of the time gap you forgot. So, they really want to know whether you lose your memory because of time gap. So, for that what they do is they do one small experiment every Irkuntrata experiment they have taken two people group A people group B people normal 10, 10 people 10 people here 10 people. It is a scientific research now they are giving some material to study history or some material they are going to they are giving it and then they have studied well they have rehearsed by hearted. Now, both of them 20 people they have a equal knowledge on that particular subject to the material which come the categories or something. Then what the researcher is doing is 2 hours gap they is giving it you want to recall they have to recall after 2 hours. But for this group A in the 2 hour he asked them to sleep. In this 2 hour he is giving some work then after 2 hours he asked them to recall he asked them to recall. So, what they found is this group of people who slept they are able to recall more than 79 percentage whatever they studied here they are able to recall only 45 percentage. So, what we can conclude from this one the basic reason time gap is not a reason. If I rent a burger rent a burger then I have time good for both of them 2 hours gap only is there. If you say time gap is a reason for forgetting no wrong because both of them have 2 hours gap how they are able to recall 79 percent of the information they are able to only recall because new information as he told because you studies you study history. However, next day you study some other it will go and that is called interference normally they call say interference theory. That is the reason when you study you should not study multiple subject at a time that will never work out you have to take only one subject or two subject you have to go and you have to do revision multiple revision. So, this is we came to know from the memory chapter. So, studies it is going to be like this. So, not big physics experiments. So, it is a scientific study because this study has been conducted many number of time the same results come. So, based on that they told that time delay is not a main reason the main reason is interference because after that you go for multiple information that will go and intervene your memory system because our memory works in that way only ok we are we are not a computer and all. So, that is what it is been either by the case studies or experiment. We come to know then comes ok the very clear is we do not deal with any pseudo pseudo no false. See normal as some books and all you would have studied. So, how to read unconscious how to read people that and all we are not going to study ok that and all does not have any scientific support. We are going to see from the four perspective systematic we will study ok. So, we will not be reading hypnosis we will study hypnosis ok, but some people will say is you know something about hypnosis ok. Hypnotist ok I am giving a knife go and kill him ah the longer day ok you see you know the Yadam Arifu movie that and all will not happen that and all pseudo psychology. You will see a systematic one what is in the textbook that is what we are going to see. And ok whether it will have any reflection on the GS paper my personal advice you should not look that option for the look you should not look that, but anyway it comes in the GS 4 direct as some syllabus is reflecting emotional intelligence attitudes and all directly comes case study it can be very helpful because we will be studying about moral reasoning. Namely ethics moral reasoning how moral development happens for from a childhood learn the till now what are the moral development Colberg moral development. So, what are the different levels we study. So, it can be very helpful for your case studies. So, in that I will say that in that 150 to 200 marks in your ethics paper it can be helpful ok I can say it can be helpful, but actually that should not be a consideration for taking a subject ok. When you take a optional it should be based on the interest because you will not see whatever the optional you take it GS Mark Patina everyone will be in the same band to them. So, that will not give you any much thing ok that that should not be a criteria. So, anyways the marking pattern. So, normally our students get anywhere around 270 to 290 or the marks we will see realistic market 270. So, we have got 290 and all. So, whether 300, 320 comes 300 definitely it will come because the thing is you have to perform well and the one thing is number of student who take psychology is also very limited. So, I will know the intensity of competition will be limited, but you have a competition optional portfolio there is only thumb rule one thumb rule UPSC follows they ensure that from all the optional student comes even last year UPSC report if you see whatever the option you take people come and the top 2 percent definitely will come. So, no doubt at all because anyway ultimate our total mark of 2000 layer your option is only 500 25 percent now overall ok. Option is one important, but you know you should not have any other consideration optional optional consideration should be purely based on the interest. So, 270 to 290 that is an average last year Siblu has got 280 281 something. So, we have civil engineering sugar around 265. So, 270 to 290 is a mark definitely we will get. So, we will not get a very less mark. So, 300 plus like if you ask me really mathematics may be verma that will not come that if you if it wants to come now you have to perform very well ok application number if you work out definitely it will come. See UPSC will not discriminate how UPSC have 21 21 optional they will tell the professors all the 21 professors to avoid a equal mark. So, they will not tell that this option you give more mark this option that and all they will not do it, but the thing is mark under the individual subject career you have to understand one performs high if a mathematics he has got 330 mark now because he is performing. So, he get it. So, that is the criteria. So, at an average this is a mark pattern we can easily expect. So, if you study moderate not moderators we see that those who cross 250 they enter into interview they enter into interview. So, 260 270 provided you get a GS mark and the base mark. So, by normal everyone will get a GS 1992 105 that mark you have to get if you are getting 70 80 in that GS no. So, that is the reason optional is one factor, but optional alone is not a factor GS you perform GS 4 paper SA interview optional it is a because operation because the one reason is optional is corrected by the particular professor. So, GS none of anyone can correct even a physics professor can correct your paper one also because they will tell a key, but optional it is not like that. So, based on the interest you are to score this is a pattern you will get mark. So, book sources if you come for the paper one there will be two books part one part two. So, SA book I am going to give it for you. So, that book one book is sufficient the two book is sufficient for paper one NCRT is a general book. So, if you go to NCRT that is also better because some students are only following NCRT also ok. NCRT I will say it is a one time reading I will advise you suppose you say that I do not have a time, but I think June batch and July batch now you will have a time. So, you can go by the book whatever the book we give and suppose apart from that any class notes. So, anyway the class itself I will give you some short notes of it. So, that it will be very easy for you. So, that is for the paper one paper two you have to buy only one book that is called applied psychology by smarx wine because when we deal paper one itself many aspects of paper two we will deal. And our learning edukarana when I take a learning chapter and other chapter and all after that I will tell you what is the application you will have so, that you can easily connect it. So, paper two we will not have much challenge. So, paper one this two books whatever I am going to give that book itself is 99 percent is ok. Apart from that if you do some reading and all internet reading that is where make that is what will make you competitive. Then if you want a reference book that I will advise during the class. Timing wise our program plan will be. So, 530 we are having a weekday plan. So, 530 to 815 weekday. So, podike mindler you keep it as 5 days. So, we will keep it initially we will keep it for 3 days and then we will go for 4 days. So, we will have some flexibility, but you keep in mind for 5 days ok, but mostly we will have it for 3 to 4 days time. And every 2 weeks time we will have a test because whatever you study the very important is you have to convert into mark. Mark or convert panel like . See psychology as a subject it can be useful. Personally it can be very useful even you know you are in the civil service or not civil service psychology as a subject it can be useful for you. But since we are purposefully come for UPSC we should have that writing skill you know the writing skill into the when you write only it will come. So, that is what you have to you know write the test 2 weeks once we will conducted test that you have to write it and then after the course also we will have a test other only you can come and write it you do not want to pay for that ok. 2 things test after the test we will have a test to discussion I will tell you how to write the answer. So, the slow build panel because you have to understand our always keep in mind civil service interval . Please do not you know ever go by any other thing it is a step by step process now ok. So, you will write now you have some skills you have some knowledge. So, from that only you have to start other than the start panel. So, slowly you have to build sometime you may not have a writing skills it does not matter you know in the exam opathina you can see IIT will also come IAM also will come medical science also will come commerce graduate also will come and also you can see that who have not gone for formal schooling 8th after 8th they would have not gone for a formal schooling they also clear and come for this exam they also clear get into service you know in the exam one day they do not need for any high intelligence and all we need average intelligence now, but hard work ok no short cut the strategy it is please remove that someone says strategy short cut that is only hard work. Hard work is smart work you should know what to study what not to study and whatever you study you write you have to come and evaluate you have to contact with the faculty come and evaluate it you should gauge yourself you are in the right track. So, that is what I am telling you. So, test to discussion and review I will I will say that that is very important and then I will give you some assignments you know since psychology is more of application oriented I will give some assignments sort of a knowledge surfing I will not say international surfing knowledge surfing kunja other panigina because now you are used to it gen z always used to that books and other thing am I right LIE books now. So, I will say that you can browse certain things to enhance your knowledge that we will give it and then. So, we will also do a mentoring for our students. So, since we are a psychology ok. So, normally mentoring interval now and then we only do it mentoring or counseling or behavior modification. So, since we come from a psychology definitely we have to do that. So, that we will take. So, this is a brief about psychology now you can ask me your doubts only in a doubt circle without a hesitation. So, first and foremost thing you have any doubts you talk out speak out do not have any hesitation killing one yes specific writing skills. So, you do not need any exceptional writing skill also one thing I will tell you for any subject it is not needed. What UPC says is already they told it I think in a supreme court when they submit one document and all they do not look for handwriting, they do not look for English skills you know flowery language, vocabulary, spelling is equal to they do not look for people. So, all the students after you come for the class I will give you some model paper. So, those who have you know written the test series those who have gone into service and all if you see that it will be very normal ok and one more thing. So, whether we need to read newspapers now and then not much because psychology is more of a static paper you study from the book you have to write it you know when you are writing a when you are let me say when you are writing about learning, when you are writing about memory, when you are writing about personality you cannot write your own examples you can give your own example, but concept wise you cannot write your own concepts. So, what you write Harvard law someone is writing Ph in a law both of your answer should same. So, that is one advantage we have over thinking and you have to think within the subject that is enough ok. So, specific writing skill is not needed we do not have that. Because some subjects may need an articulation of words that we do not need it ok minimum basic writing you will come to know. So, basic writing skill is enough whatever the knowledge you have right now the English knowledge you have that is sufficient any doubts you can ask me. So, someone has put a message and theories one day I will not say more. It is see it will have a limited theories I will say that that will be 20, 25, 20 percent or something, but it will be like concepts. The concepts you learn it that you apply it concept you learn it apply it that is all. So, once you have a first day itself I am going to take only the introduction to psychology different schools of thought. When you see the different schools of thought So, when you go and I do it again it will get applied everywhere. So, all the theories only one or two chapters it will be there. See every subject you go this challenge will be there, but complete or complete a theory or no it is not that. See weekday only we have actually classes this classes has been planned only for the weekday, but recording will be available for you. But you come to the class suppose the exception cases you are not attending now recording will be available. Medical science background now I will say that over 30, 40 percent you have medical science background now. So, it will not be completely new. So, over 20, 30 percent it will be you know what you have studied, but conger new information circle because it is more social sciences circle that medical science law I think in medical sciences they I think they have one subject called psychology introduction to psychology something is that some few chapters are there I will overlap in your cone, but apart from that you will see. Generally it will be advantage. See the reason is so, there are many things for it some student take medical science as an optional because it will it can be very helpful for them need for MD preparation for jobs. So, they have multiple even for other medical services exams and all is there. So, in that perspective some people take medical sciences definitely it is really challenging right. You have to study physiology anatomy that is totally different framework that can be done only by medical students, normal students cannot do it. This can be done by anyone actually. Medical students see the thing is medical student this will be easy, but what I will say is even a be called student comes also be a English literature come also he will also understand. It is I will say that it is mostly based on the individual one ok. For medical definitely it will be easy because since you know some medical brain and all we are not really doing about brain, but it will be easily connected. Oh see that is a see it is there if you have interest on medical sciences if you think that you are you can perform in the medical sciences you can go for medical sciences. If you think that no I know I will I want to take this one as a career I am not choosing for any other medical career I will I will take this easy or not it can be comparatively easy because when I say that this can be easy for arts graduate science graduate it is going definitely it is going to be easy for any this graduates. So, I think in your medical I am not sure about medical syllabus in your medical sciences I think some chapters are already is there already you I think you should have studied introduction to psychology Ilka Ilka. Psychiatry psychology I do not know the psychiatry introduction to psychiatry some chapters some few chapters will be from here mental disorders you will see, but mental disorders are you are not able to solve. So, anyone study mental disorder they can easily understand. So, competitively medical sciences really you will feel the toughness and the toughness definitely you will not feel it here. So, definitely it can be handy for you, it can it can be easy sailing for you. You know see the clearing person you know the people who clear arts graduate that is what BSc visual comm she got around 281. So, no way it is connected to psychology. So, they are able to they are able to get it. So, we have last year he is a BSc physics he got a good marks he got into studies. So, I believe anyone can do that psychology is a general subject it will have some medical type, but therapies and you can see the therapies and the disorders and all definitely you can easily understand. The normal people understand but for you it can be very easy and you do not know need that you have to be strong in the 14-14 chapters I do not expect paramata. So, few chapters if you are strong it is good. So, medical no definitely we will find that good advantage though ok. Correction of paper see for online offline we not bother. So, it is going to be the same online offline test now you can come and write it anyway has a hot copy character and given back offline you write it, but you have to write it on the day. You have to write it on the day do not take 2-day, 3-day delay, etc. Then attitude that attitude comes definitely seriousness is lost. If it is a UPS exam is on 26 now you will go only on 26 whether you will ask excuse. No the same way here also the same attitude should be maintained you have to write the test on the day itself you can scan it and send it as a single PDF file we will correct it we will give a review of it. So, if it is online also you not bother. If it is possible for offline now please come as offline that you will feel the you know there is real class interaction. If it is not possible now come as online not an issue you will not see any difference at all. Recorded videos will be available in general. So, number of students also limited our program so that individual concern also will be there ok that is also there. Then any other doubts it will appear correct on a one challenge researcher name many will come. The thing is I will not say that you have to remember all the researchers name at least some important researcher name we have to keep in mind. But many number of researcher name will come. So, even I cannot remember all the researcher name. So, major researcher name like Freud. So, Freud followers Carl Jung, Adler, Karen Honey in the very important researcher name alone that will come ok that and all is not a challenge actually. For point here initially you may think it is as I see normally when you start in the subject initially you will feel that. But really when you get into it you will not find any issues at all after point of time you will not have a challenge on a hard work panel. See please I want to tell you. So, see I cannot say in optionals easy that word and all I will not use it ok. If anyone is using the word ok this option is easy that option is easy then I will say that they are telling in ignorance or they are telling a lie. Appalach and you see the UPC will not keep one option as easy one option that and all never never do it. Some option technical engineering option it has a it is a technical ok. So, mathematics that is a that is a good option that has its technicality medical sciences that has its technicality. But other if you come this will be like a general subject thought. But I will not say easy no so, I will not tell it is easy and all it is easy to understand put it in your own vehicle. But it is a first day class you attend it you will understand you will easily understand when you take a book you will easily understand very it will not be very complicated in that way. But you have to work hard what you can because UPSC knows very clearly they keep the optional they keep the rating of that optional correction of the optional in that manner. They will ensure that you have discrimination they will ensure that no discrimination happen. You know then the this is a competitive exam then the entire thing fails. And also keep in mind whatever the optional you are choosing you have to compete with the optional ok. Do not think this optional will give mark that and all is not there. So, he is writing medical science now within that some 4 people only will be clearing that who is competitive that only they only will come. Another again and again I am telling you subjectly you show interest. You stick on to the subject work on the subject definitely you will clear. And also one more thing they will allow you it is like a marathon race people start, but many people leave and go. So, who runs till the end of the question. Actually the number of people 1 lakh people starts, but finally you can see 3000 people only will end within that 2000 people will 1000 will get cleared. So, you have to be competitive in your optional you do not want to bother about any optional your interest is in whichever may be medical science or you can take it. But within that you have to perform. So, you basically ensure that the top 2 5 percent is getting cleared. You can come for the test batch because of our student limited student normally what happens you can the classes will go up to about 4 and half to 5 months you keep in mind still the syllabus completion. After that December 1th row. So, you will be preparing for your prelims. So, prelims is after your prelims what we can do is we will you come for a test series that test complete 8 10 test you take this test also class test that test also you have to take it. You know you clear the prelims you have to take a anyway test series. So, this program you can take it you need not pay for that and the test series you come. So, what I will plan is normally what I am planning from this year onwards. Since you complete the syllabus by October November. Otherwise you will be entering into GS 4 6 months gap 1 month you will forget it. So, we will have a sort of a review session for 5 chapter 6 chapter we will have a review session and you can take the test and you have to you take the full test then definitely you will be equipped that is more than if you are writing a full test if you are preparing you are attending the class regularly reading it writing the test I will tell you damn sure you will clear or the ritual of that you have to do is a ritual people do not do that. You know in the process it starts in June July you can see after 2 3 months people will be deviating and the people will start asking excuses ok people on the excuse people will start deviating temptation will come ok doubt self doubt will come ok whether it is possible for me to what I cheated you have to enter that is all I am doing this I am going to do this for the next one year I will not I will not turn up I will not I do not give any time for temptation I will not ask any excuse I will work hard what is possible for me I will do it you do that definitely you are clearing this answer damn sure I will say that you will can clear in the very first attempt itself even though it is difficult to know it is a and also you should keep one attempt down one the project may be 3 years 4 years I have come for I have asked permission for 2 years 3 years if you do that if you keep that in mind definitely you are not doing it in the 3 years whatever the attitude will come attitude will change lethargy will come you have to keep it whether you joined this how many of you joined today any good batches will start I reckon I think they have not joined ok see you join in June or July does not matter or come in October does not matter you have to think that this may is my first prelims last prelims and the attitude will apply to this exam is clear because this exam nature you have to work hard success is going to follow so online students you have any doubts you can ask me any of the doubts so if you have decided for the optional you have to go to the ground floor when you decide for it you have to enroll ok probably some would have enrolled it in the psychology optional if you are not enrolled to know if you have decided for the psychology optional you have to enroll so Thursday is the first class I was on a four perspective on the example you can give any number of example but perspective is four perspective either a Freudian psychodynamic perspective behaviorist perspective humanist perspective either cognitive perspective four perspective the same thing so within that perspective we have to write some questions will be general question that you can operate generally but perspectives they will give you mark here open-ended you cannot write your own example you can write any example one example that is up to you but concept wise the same concept only will come okay any other doubts other doubts in the Kelligan do not hesitate okay see offline online once again I will clear the doubts for the test series see test series or classes you can attend from online or offline not an issue even you suppose some more will be some other state you are attending in online test series also you can attend in online itself because now that is what it is happening so you need not bother and you will not find any difference for paper one our book itself whatever the book I am giving that book you study well that is what I will tell you reading 10 books I will say that it will not work reading one book 10 times only will work okay so one book read multiple times after that you have some time you can take some reference book you can have a glance of it okay but I want you to study the two part one part two of paper one that you study study study you do it definitely you will clear it yes you will get a hot copy even online student your address we will get your address and we will send you the hot copy we are not going to give you soft copy we are going to only give you the hot copies and one book paper two you have to buy that the see then competitively you will have a disadvantage because you are you see we are looking you have to look your competitor what your competitor is doing now you do it that will be better worst case at least they have to do it by the month of October November so after the problems there are some students who take it they do it but that time you have to study for GS also no GS one GS two GS three GS four that test series will be attending it this test series also you have to attend it so that is the time you have you know after May June July August three months only you will have three months is a time only for revision revision and writing correction it evaluation again changing it so I think that after that if you take it it will not work out after that if you take paper two alone it may work out because we have a paper two written by smarx wine so he has read that he has started preparation of paper two after problems only after cleaning the problems exceptional cases okay let us not go the safe aspect competitively better to start from now option whichever option you keep it keep it done don't bother about you will forget that and all see you cannot be you know strong in everything our ultimate objective is to score some 50 to 60 percent that is our objective we have to get into service that is all ISI PSI FSO we have to get into service that is our objective okay so we have to think subject as a knowledge we need should have ultimately we have to go for the UPC point of view so competition is one factor always keep in mind Thirupo Marubri competition is one factor okay you should keep you should be every day you should keep in mind that this exam is a competitive exam competition see when you come to the optional subject within the option of the competition they will ensure that you get through so last year UPC report problem how many I think those who have taken psychology 9.8 percent have gone into service management 14 percent but number of people who take management is very less okay so like that we have some percentage but your competition is within the optional especially for option other than GS we have to perform because GS mark everything is clubbed you know see I think management or something has got more percentage see for that reason you cannot go there see you don't bother about it see whichever option may be see it can be whichever may be you be strong in the subject see once you attend the class you do writing practice I will say that is more than sufficient okay I have lost your data the same thing will come next year because here people get into a lot of fallacies and the decision making a lot of mistakes okay so one see suppose in psychology this year someone has got 330 now psychology is best in so now there is a foolishness see it will not work in that way see it is not the mark is not coming for the optional the mark is coming for the person that is what people are not understanding it you have to understand the mark is only coming for the person not for that particular option see professor don't do that I am right 21 professor will not do that and that is a competitive exam that the country's highest exam so they will be very very careful so whichever option you take it you have to perform within the optional you have to be competitive within the option you have to outperform your competitors that you have to keep in mind so you have to see various things once again see in depth no no in depth that even for the disorders mental disorders and all we are not going for in depth for every disorder we will see some seven symptoms that is all and also keep in mind with the murshid psychology is all over here psychology okay you cannot become a we cannot go and do therapy you cannot do counseling and all that and all you cannot do it okay the subject for exam point of view we are studying it okay for UPSC wants you know the UPSC does not want you to be just a generalist when optional is given how well you specialize in that option that also that that caliber also they want to see that is the reason purposefully they kept it because the committee what the recommendation given the second ARCS rumor optional only keep GS but UPSC purposefully kept GS GS 4 GS earlier patina render optional 2 optional 2 GS paper then that time the struggle will be more you have to study 2 subject now 4 GS paper so 2 that is one optional paper of 2 papers so if it is specific a what you cannot when you take a subject whether are you able to specialize it how well you specialize that that skill also they want to see other purposeful but we are not going depth along dead we are we are we are moving very shallow down okay so basics are but even you take a nct plus 1 plus 2 that itself covers in really see even I should not tell in reality 55 to 60% of the syllabus is covered in that nct okay so when we give that information then people will only stick on to the tc book so I do not want to do that we have to read the text see teaching will be only in English okay because that is what you know basically commit committed we have committed but I do not think you will have an issue you can understand if you are not able to understand I will slow down so since it is a demo class little I can be fast but in the class I will slow down first few sessions so you will not have an issue any doubt you can clarify anyway I will share my numbers and the thing you can have a clarification and also option portfolio is a single point contact GS knowledge you have a multiple contact option is a single point contact that is what we do a specific mentoring we do a specific okay so that you do not bother but the language will be in only in English we cannot commit on Tamil that is not possible one or two words we can use it but because multi legal people are attendigate so we cannot have it in the Tamil we can have it only in a monolingual you have any doubts we can put it in Tamil that is not an issue that I will translate in English and do it but develop English anyway you must develop English there is no other option I am right you get into a service there are IS officers IPS officers and all they never talk in they will not talk only in English the culture itself is only English so we cannot escape from English that is only a language okay so many people three English as a very you know they see as a big rock English is just a language for communication okay so it will come automatically it will come yes hot copies will be given for the online students do not worry but it may take one week time but they will be fine okay thank you thank you thank you