 Excellencies, distinguished delegates and participants, you have colleagues very good morning, afternoon or evening, depending on your time zone. And welcome to the FAO in Geneva, trade talks session of today. My name is Dominique Bourgogne and I'm the director of the FAO liaison office in Geneva and I will be moderating today's session. I would like to thank you all for taking the time to attend our event today because we know you are all very busy so we appreciate your interest in FAO's work. As you may already know, FAO in Geneva has been organizing webinars in collaboration with the FAO market and trade division with a view to share information on relevant and timely topics at the intersection of trade and agriculture. We are not doing so in the field of fisheries and trade. Last June at the WTO's 12 ministerial conference, WTO members adopted the WTO agreement on fisheries subsidies for the sustainability of oceans. At the retreat meeting on fisheries last week and in which many of you participated, the importance of building knowledge and support of negotiations was repeatedly underscored. Aquatic food systems, as you know, are critical for global food security and nutrition. They support human well-being and sustain the life of billions of people, in particular, coastal communities. With this in mind, I would like to announce that starting from today, we will include the topic of fisheries into our trade talks in collaboration with the FAO fisheries and aquaculture division, to which we are of course very grateful. The FAO in Geneva Fisheries Trade Talks will aim to enhance the understanding of the current state of global fisheries and aquaculture, informing on the existing and emerging FAO knowledge and tools in this regard, and on the technical assistance for the implementation of the new WTO agreement on fisheries subsidies. We will also touch on the transformation of aquatic food systems and the promotion of their responsible and sustainable management. Excellencies distinguished delegates and participants before starting our event allow me to repeat some of the logistics and housekeeping for that sort of virtual discussion. This webinar will be in English only with no interpretation. It will be recorded and will be later available on our website. It is scheduled to last for about one hour, one hour and 15 minutes. We have reserved sometimes toward the end of the webinar for a Q&A session and we'd like to ask you to use the Q&A module stating your name and organization or institution and we'll try to accommodate as many requests as possible, bearing in mind that there is always a possibility for the speakers to respond and to interact directly in the Q&A module. So that's all for housekeeping issues and I would now like to take a moment to present today's topic and our speaker and panelist. As you know, FAO supports its members to formulate trade policies that are conducive to improved food security by strengthening evidence and I exist, providing capacity development and facilitating the neutral dialogue away from the negotiating table. In this period, the FAO and Geneva trade talks are based on an approach which we call the TRII, Informal, Interactive and Inspirational. Today, we speak about recent trends in fisheries and aquaculture from a trade context. According to the recent data, the global production of fisheries and aquaculture is at an all-time high. At the same time, it is expected that the sector will have a more significant role in providing food and nutrition in the future. It is also critical that the foreseen expansion of the sector does not happen at the expense of aquatic systems, human health and social equity. We must therefore prevent pollution and safeguard biodiversity to preserve the health of these ecosystems and ensure the long-term availability of aquatic foods. This will involve significant improvement in global fisheries management. Through blue transformation, it is possible to meet the TRII challenge of food security and environmental sustainability while ensuring equitable outcome and gender equality. Key issues of our day, such as climate change necessitate, a total examination of transformative measures and readiness in order to secure sustainable, efficient and equitable fisheries and aquaculture. The recent edition of the FAO flagship report, the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, also known as SOFIA, examines the global status of fisheries and aquaculture with a focus on blue transformation. Blue transformation emerged from the FAO Committee on Fisheries' 34th session in 2021. As most of you already know, FAO's strategic framework, 2231, aims to support the needed transformation to more efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable agriculture system for better production, better nutrition, better environment and better life, leaving no one behind. Blue transformation is actually one of the 20 FAO program priority areas of the strategic framework. It underscores the critical importance of more efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable blue food system promoted through improved policies and programs for integrated science-based management, technological innovation and private sector engagement. Within this context and in the midst of WTO Trade and Environment Week, today's session aims to provide an opportunity to examine the most recent trends in fisheries and aquaculture market and the challenges associated with sustainability, while highlighting the interconnectedness of international instruments and the potential support FAO can provide for specific trade-related fisheries. With the participation of a diverse group of panelists, today we intend to achieve the objective of demonstrating a comprehensive and holistic view of fisheries encompassing the three pillars of sustainability can indeed foster inclusive benefits in a sustainable industry in the long term, using concrete examples of national trends, success stories and challenges. In today's session, we present the main highlights of its FAO, we present the main highlights of its flagship report, the SOFIA as I mentioned, and we'll explain the findings from the trade context in more details. To this end, we have Mr. Marcio Castro de Souza, many of you already know from FAO. Marcio, as you know, is a senior fishery officer at the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division. Following Marcio's presentation, the following speaker will share their insights on the topic. We have Ms. Claire Delpeche, head of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit in the Trade and Agriculture Directorate of the OECD. His Excellency, Mr. Peter Ulberg, a permanent representative of Norway to the WTO, and Dr. Ditya Nordianto, Minister of Councilor for the Permanent Mission of Indonesia to the WTO. We're now here from Marcio about the SOFIA report, and as I mentioned, please do not hesitate to put your question in the Q&A module. Marcio, the floor is yours. Merci Dominique. Good afternoon to all. Good morning. Good evening. First of all, it's a great pleasure for the Fisheries and Aquaculture Division to be present and to be now integrating the Geneva trade talks. And as Dominique mentioned, the idea here is to, because SOFIA is a publication that we release every two years, and the idea here is to, and it's a very rich publication. And the idea here is exactly trying to twist around the publication a little bit, highlighting what is more important for the trade community in Geneva and trying to stress what are the strengths, the challenges, and the problems of the Fisheries and Aquaculture sector based on the publication. Of course, I'm going to add some elements to my presentation, not only based on SOFIA, just to make more comprehensive connection. But I'm going to highlight that when I do that. So let me share my screen and we can definitely start. Marcio. I hope you can see the screen. No, we cannot see it yet. Okay, let me just reshare just a second. You seem to be frozen, Marcio. Sorry. You are frozen. Please try again to share your. Sorry for this glitch. Sorry for that. I'm just having problems with two monitors here. If you want, Marcio, we can share the presentation for you. Yeah, maybe I think okay, now can you please do that? Or Shirani. First screen. Can I try last time here from here? I'm just trying to pick something here. Sorry for it. Okay, just a second, please. I'm sorry for definitely this problem. Must be honest, it's my first time that I see this problem in my computer. Can you imagine we are all experts now. Marcio, I suggest we share it for you. We can't hear you Marcio. As I was mentioning, the idea is to present Sophia from a trade perspective and showing exactly what are the most important elements for Sophia in terms of the trade community. And my main objectives here. Do we have a presentation or no? We are sharing. Okay, good. Okay, my main objectives here is basically to show the importance of international trade to the fisheries and aquaculture sector to show some of the main instruments that FAO has. And not only FAO, but the global community, the set of instruments that exist in the international trade. Then we are going to show a little bit of the production profile. The support that FAO can give. The social and economic importance of the sector. How is the FAO dealing with fisheries and aquaculture internally with the support of member countries. And some of the data reporting that we receive from countries in terms of the statistics and the other issues that we produce. So maybe I think it's in order to create a level playing field. And I think maybe you can change this like this. The idea is that I came from a agriculture before joining fisheries. And just, of course, all of you have been very engaged in the issue of the trade negotiations in Geneva or fisheries subsidies. However, just to be on the safe side, I think it's quite important that we make this distinction because fish is quite a unique animal protein. We are the only animal protein that has an input from completely two different sources. So the same product or different products can come from wild capture or can come from farm fishing, aquaculture. So this is an important aspect. If we think about aquaculture, the farming of fish, let's call it that way, it's more associated with regular traditional products that you have the fingerlings to grow and you invest in a farm in a pond to make the fish grow. And that makes a completely different setting in terms of costs and also in terms of the control of the variables that you have. So aquaculture, regardless if it's a continental aquaculture or it's marine aquaculture, we are talking about the cultivation of fish under controlled situations. So the owner of the activity has complete control of the activity, of the situation. And of course fisheries is when we take wild capture fisheries from the sea. Next slide, please. Another issue that was fundamental in terms of the negotiation process and also the original mandate in Doha to negotiate fisheries subsidies at the WTO is the issue of the, is the only animal protein that's also a common good. So when we talk about wild capture fisheries, in general, when we're talking about wild capture fisheries that we talk about shared stocks, stocks from the high seas, when country A exploits that good, we are going to definitely to reduce the possibility of country B to catch the same good. So this is something completely different when you think about animal proteins because animal proteins in general are completely associated with the national production of a country. And fisheries is a completely mindset, a completely different mindset. And in terms of the international instruments that we have governing fisheries and aquaculture, fisheries in particular in international trade. I'm going to start with the oldest one. And it's interesting to realize that the oldest convention, of course, it's not directly involving only fisheries. It involves a lot of products like wood, like many other products, many other animal products too, but also wood as a nation and other products. It's the site's convention. It's a 1975 convention that try, that regulates the trade of international, of endangered species. And in fact, it's older than WTO. And we have around 200 species of fish products listed in the site's appendixes. Of course, to be listed in one of the site's appendix does not need, does not necessarily mean that you are going to have to be suspended for international trade. It only means that according to the appendix that you are listed, you are going to have more control and monitoring. You are going to have an export certificate or you are going to be forbidden to export. So we have three appendixes and the variation is monitoring, export certificate, and prohibition to export. I must say that we have, I think, less than 10 species of the appendix that's prohibited to export. In addition to that, we have the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which is known as the Constitution of the Sea. The idea of the uncles was basically to try to create some basic ruling for the seas. It was not directly linked to fisheries, but definitely there are many articles that mention fisheries. And in addition to that, we have several important benchmarks that have been created in uncles. The first one is the definition of maritime zones. Uncles was the convention that defined what's the territorial sea, what's the exclusive economic zone, what is the high seas, and what's the continental shelf. So uncles gave this very important benchmark that has a direct link with international trade of fisheries products, particularly regarding rules of origin, for example. When you think about the territorial sea, the 12 miles from the coastline, it's basically an extension of the geographical territory of a country. When you think about the exclusive economic zone, it's an economic sovereign right the country has, and it can be flexible in order for the countries to allow other countries to fish in that area. So that was a very important milestone. Of course we have the World Trade Organization, the World Custom Organization with the Harmonized System. And by the way, when I mentioned in the introduction to create a level playing field, the differentiation between aquaculture and wild capture fisheries, the World Custom Organization, the Harmonized System of the World Custom Organization is relatively old system that was created in the past. And when aquaculture was still a very infant sector, I would say that. And in that time, so the Harmonized System was created in a way that there is no specific breakdown for aquaculture products. So we have the initial breakdown is more on the format of the product. So if it's frozen, fresh, chilled, refrigerated, smoked. So for example, when you talk about shrimp, the Harmonized System does not recognize if the shrimp come from wild sources or from farmer sources. That's an important aspect also to take into consideration. Of course, we have also codex associated basically with many of the SPS and TBT requirements, but also with all the standards in terms, for example, what can be considered and what can be put, for example, I remember by the standard on a Kenneth Sardines, for example. What are the species, for example, that can be put in a can that can be called Kenneth Sardines. And then we have the FAO instruments that I'm going to get a little bit more into the detail in the next slides. So the next effect, one of the main, and maybe you can change the slide, one of the most comprehensive instrument that we have in FAO is the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. I'll say that's a very comprehensive code. It's not a mandatory one, it's voluntary, but indeed many countries, they have adopted the principles of the code when they have issued their national laws in terms of fisheries and aquaculture. It's by coincidence, the FAO Code of Conduct was adopted in FAO in the same year that the World Trade Organization was created. It's quite comprehensive as I mentioned, and it was quite advanced for its time. It's already talked about many issues about non-tariff measures, and it covers the whole value chain of fisheries. So the idea is exactly to bring and to make public the principles that should be observed throughout the value chain in order to make the fish operation, I mean fish in the broad sense, the principle of fisheries and aquaculture operation sustainable. So it covers pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest in a very comprehensive way, and one issue that's quite interesting in the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries is the principle of shared responsibilities. I mentioned in the beginning the issue of fish being a common good, and the Code of Conduct raised this issue as a very important principle that countries should cooperate, particularly in connection with shared stocks in exchange of scientific data, etc. So the principle of cooperation, shared responsibilities is key in terms of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. In addition to that, we have many other interesting instruments that are very connected to international trade, and of course also to the recently adopted WTO agreement on fisheries subsidies. I'm going to mention some of them, we have much more than that. However, we do have some plans, international plans of actions, covering IEU, covering capacity. We also have an IPOA, the International Plan of Action, on seabirds, sharks. We have the port state measure that is the only effect instrument that we have that is mandatory. So when a country ratifies the port state measures, it has to implement it, and it has a very interesting trade-related feature, because the port state measure agreement allows a country to block the import of a fish product when there is sufficient evidence that fish comes from illegal fishing, from IEU fishing. There is a very interesting interconnectivity between the port state measure agreement and trade. We have the voluntary guidance for small scale fisheries, by the way we are indeed in the international year for international artisanal year of artisanal and international year of artisanal fisheries and aquaculture. And there is a strong principle in that guidance. That one size does not fit all. That is very important in terms of stock assessment, so we can definitely not use the same stock assessment pattern that we use for industrial fishing and for areas that does not have small scale fisheries for the small scale fisheries community. We have to think about different, we have to be fair in order to adapt to the requirements between small scale fisheries and other stakeholders present in the value chain. More recently, we have the global record of fishing vessels. We have the voluntary guidance for transshipment, so we have a full set. Those two more recent instruments, they are very complementary to the IEU fishing port state measure agreement. We have to track as much as possible fishing vessels and consequently we have for example the catch documentation guidelines in FAO that also tries to track the product on a pre-harvest stage. So we have a full set of instruments. The majority of them are indeed voluntary that tries to bring more transparency, more information so that you have a more sustainable sector. As Dominique mentioned in the beginning and before my confusion with these slides, that's the next slide, please. The idea here is exactly to highlight some of the features of SOFIA from a trade perspective. SOFIA is a publication that we release every two years. We usually release that together with the international community. It's a very rich publication in terms of content, in terms of challenges, in terms of opportunities. It's available in all FAO six languages. You can scan the QR code. The presentation is going to be fully available later on. This SOFIA, they brought some very important facts and main message that I want to convey here. As Dominique mentioned, the production has never been higher in terms of fisheries and agriculture production. The sector indeed plays a very key role in terms of nutrition. We are forecasting some continuation of the increase in the production pattern. I'm going to show some graphs later. I'm going to show you some of the features of SOFIA that we are facing the word and can indeed be the answer for the animal protein supply for this population growth. However, we face problems in terms of overfishing. That's one of the pillars that has not been addressed yet. But the WTO agreement from fisheries subsidies, pollution, poor management, which is a key component. And the next slide, please. And also, but however, we see some positive trends too. I'm going to show you more details that the commercial stocks that are landed, they have been increasing in terms of the biological sustainable efforts. That's quite remarkable. We are going to see the importance of small scale producers and the importance of heavy production. Fisheries and aquaculture from a very global and comprehensive perspective. As I mentioned to you when I was talking about the harmonized system, aquaculture was a very incipient contribution to the fish production a while ago. When you look at this graph and you see the red area, the red and orange area are the aquaculture production and dominating aquaculture production. Outside it's 50-50%, if you consider human consumption. So it's equal. So all the fish that we consume, half come from white capture and the other half come from farm fish. The next slide, please. And when you look at the main producers, of course it's going to be quite small for you this graph. So the main producers are from India, Russia, US, Vietnam, Japan, Norway and Bangladesh. As the main fisheries production in the world. The species are very between them. And the second graph here shows exactly why in the previous graph of the aquaculture and the white capture production, one of the reasons that we see somehow the production output from white capture is exactly because of the sustainability of the resources. In terms of the global sustainability of the resources, the orange area here shows the decrease, sorry, shows an increase of overfishing stocks in the last years. So this is the global picture. But as I mentioned to you, the percentage of sustainable stocks has reached a very good level in terms of the landings of stocks. So the landings, 82.5% of the landings are sustainable stock. That shows also the value of managing fisheries properly that leads to sustainable landings. So when you see the global picture, the situation is not so good. You see the orange area growing. When you see the commercial landings, the situation is better. And next slide, please. When you see the regions in the world, the blue and the orange pie chart here, the blue area shows the sustainable stocks by regions and the orange, the unsustainable ones. You see that there is a huge variation around the world. And some areas in the world are performing quite well in terms of global stocks. Here are the stocks in general. We are not talking about the landing, but only the stocks. As I mentioned to you, the small graph in the bottom shows the production forecast. Agriculture is continued to be forecasted to grow at a very impressive rate. Also, capture fisheries is going to be stable around the same average. Next slide, please. And as I mentioned, that fisheries and aquaculture is quite unique. And I just would like to mention maybe some very few numbers that shows how important it is in economic and social terms. First of all, when you look at the sector as a whole, in terms of the processing phase in particular, more than 50% of the employees in the processing phase are women. So it's a very gender inclusive sector. In addition to that, we have a considerable amount of the first sale of fish products. It's around almost 450 billion US dollars, the majority of which coming from aquaculture, almost 300 billion. Next slide, please. Small scale fisheries plays a key role in terms of the supply of fisheries and aquaculture products. And developing countries also plays a key role. We are going to see in a map in a second some of the flows. Next slide, please. That's, I mean, in my opinion, that's one of the most Spanish numbers that I usually present. When you look at the global exports of fisheries and aquaculture products in value terms, 49% of animal proteins come from the fisheries sector. So it's more than poultry, pork and beef combined in terms of value terms, global exports. We have a highly participation of countries in the international markets. Many of the products, enter international markets. Next slide, please. And when you look at the trade flow, by the way, this map is done by the rubber bank, the Dutch bank, it was released last week. They always update that. It shows the trade flows in international terms. And fishery has a very important characteristics. Regardless if you are a big producer, you're always going to be also most probably an importer of fish products. It's impossible for any country to say that they are self-sufficient in fish production. So the idea here is to say that you see the main exporters here at the bottom graph. Next slide, please. So when you look at the main exporters, the main producers and the main importers, some countries are present in all of them because it's impossible for you to see, you have to produce fish but you have to import species that you do not produce. The lower graph shows the main species that we produce in global terms, in terms of international trade. We are basically dealing with salmon and trout are the main group of species followed by shrimps by squids. So those are the three main groups that we have in the fisheries global international trade scenario. Next slide, please. So in a nutshell, what we have here is that we have a product that comes from aquaculture and white capture. The majority comes from developing countries. International trade is quite important as you could see. We have long value chains. Sometimes a product is produced to one country, exported to another, reprocessed to another and consumed in the fourth country. And then we have also the issue of inclusive production patterns. I'm going to bring some new elements in terms of some of the modern clauses in preferential trade agreements that deals specifically with fish issues. Next slide, please. So we are starting to have some environmental trade clauses included in trade agreements that deals with biodiversity conservation, invasive species, fisheries management, IEU fishing. So we are starting to have new preferential trade agreements dealing with this kind of non-traditional trade clauses being incorporated in order to give the preferential access. Next slide, please. When you think about FAO and fisheries, we have basically we have a fisheries and aquaculture division in FAO that's divided in three areas, fisheries and aquaculture and post-arborist issues in general. And as I mentioned that we usually release the FAO, the SOFIA this handbook that we are talking about statistics. We release that every two years. We release during the committee on fisheries. That's the highest governing body that we have in FAO dealing with fish production. The committee on fisheries is supported by two subcommittees that they deal with the technical issues. One deals with aquaculture. The other ones deal with fish trade. And now we have been just authorized to create a new third committee dealing with fisheries management. So the idea is that the three subcommittees they prepare the technical documents to be submitted to the policy decision in the committee on fisheries. That's more or less how it works. And next slide, please. We have a multiplicity of data reporting to FAO basically to feed all our databases. But also, of course, to be able for us to produce the analysis that we produce for SOFIA and for other adult publications. And of course we have these statistics that countries report to FAO in terms of production, in terms of trade, in terms of employment, in terms of fishing vessels. Many other parameters that you can see in the SOFIA report. We have also some specific questionnaires. The previous slide, please. We also have some specific questionnaires that we show the compliance of countries to some of the FAO instruments either voluntary or mandatory. So all of them are periodically assessed. And we have those questionnaires run every two years, more or less, on average. And also, of course, we have the stock status collection of data from many countries. However, we do have problems in terms of stock status in terms of the reporting. We have been collecting stock status information since 1974. The publication that I mentioned here contains all the detailed information about how that stocks are collected in a moment. We are upgrading the system that we perform in order to collect data. We are going to implement a new methodology and the picture that you see on the left corner bottom right bottom right corner is a summary of each of FAO fishing regions in terms of the sustainability of the stocks. This publication is not available yet but it's going to be available soon and it's going to provide a snapshot of the sustainability of the stocks. With this new implementation of the new methodology that we are doing in FAO, the idea is to enhance the coverage of the stocks covered by the cover of stocks in terms of sustainability and also to have more transparency in terms of how FAO deals with missing data with missing report information etc. So we are going to have everything now very clear in terms of the website. Next slide please. Of course we do have a lot of challenges in fisheries. As I mentioned to you it's a quite international commodity and of course being so international it's subject to a lot of trade barriers and trade distortion mechanisms implemented by countries so it's still a product that has a lot of problems in terms of access to markets many of them adopt requirements sometimes are hidden in the form of SPS measures and we have seen in the latest years some sort of evolution in terms of the market requirements but not country market requirements but rather consumer market requirements because as I mentioned to you there is a natural supply trend of developing countries to developed countries and the developed countries markets are becoming more sophisticated in a way that they need more information about fisheries. So in the past the concentration of demands were on the product safety itself and now it becomes more like an issue of sustainability requirements but now consumers in many markets of course not all of them but in many markets consumers are starting to demand more information about comprehensive issues including social issues associated with fish production even how the conditions of labor conditions of the fishing vessel compliance with international instruments where the fish was caught we have many very practical examples of companies that even provide when you scan the QR code on a fish product box they provide the picture of the fisherman the picture of the vessel etc. So it's becoming a more demanding a sector in terms of market opportunities in terms of the challenge that the sector face of course being a sector that's so reliant on international trade is a problem we have seen that during the pandemic particular at the beginning of the pandemic also the issue of having long value chains is an issue in terms of the growth of agriculture production we have faced many problems in terms of capital availability there are still many banks in many different areas of the world that are not so used to analyze risks in aquaculture production so there is usually less credit offered to aquaculture in comparison with other traditional animal proteins fraud is a very common issue in terms of fish distribution it's very hard to differentiate between species particular at a consumer level so we have seen a lot of fraud appearing in terms of fish production just to finalize I just would like to mention to you since information is quite essential we run in F.A.O. a project called Glovefish which is devoted to market and trade dissemination of information in Glovefish we have a fish market profile for every single country in F.A.O. so we in three pages we show the position of the country in terms of the production of fish the main species produced the main exported species the main imported species and also the breakdown in terms of value aggregation of the fish produced in that country so again sorry for the glitches in the beginning with the slight projection sorry it's complete in my flow here for my side thank you again for the opportunity Maxi Dominic thank you very much Marcio for a great presentation even though we couldn't see all the details but we are going to share with all participants the full presentation so that they can have the material and I would like to remind everybody that if you have a specific question to ask to Marcio please use the Q&A module indicating your name and organization and Marcio can even perhaps provide some answer directly in the Q&A module so now it is with great pleasure that I would like to give the floor to Miss Claire Delpush who is the head of fisheries and aquaculture unit in the trade and aquaculture and agriculture at OECD and Miss Delpush will provide us with some remarks from the OECD perspective concerning recent trends and challenges in the fisheries and aquaculture sector including OECD related work Claire you have the floor thank you very much Dominic and Pinar for this invitation to provide a few remarks following Marcio's very comprehensive and informative presentation it's a pleasure to be joining you all today as some of you may know the OECD motto is better policies for better lives and I guess that summarizes quite well what the OECD tries to do with respect to fisheries as well that is to promote better policies that help achieve sustainable fisheries, sustainable livelihoods for fishers and others in the sector as well as fishers food to all while at the same time not damaging ecosystems and resources in the ocean which is of course quite a challenge as all of you know one area of our work that is probably particularly relevant here in Geneva is the work we do on fisheries subsidies trying to document these subsidies and understand their potential impact on fish resources with a view to help countries who are needed as called for in SDG 14 and we do so by providing input into WTO negotiations but also direct advice to countries on how to implement WTO disciplines and maybe complement WTO driven policy change with also domestically driven reform so today I propose to give you a brief overview of what we do with the OECD and how the OECD committee for fisheries may contribute to fostering sustainable trading in fish product but upfront I also just wanted to flag that most of the work we do is done in close collaboration both with the FAO and with the WTO trying to bridge between different areas of expertise and creating synergies to serve our respective members as best possible in their efforts to promote sustainable fisheries so with the next slide please I would summarize the objectives of the OECD Fisheries Committee broadly around the prelines first one of its main objective is to bring transparency on fisheries performance and how the sector is managed and supported we publish annual country level data which we collect directly from national statistical services and relevant administration on three main domains which complement the data that FAO collects and uses as Marcio just explained so one relatively unique area of data that we have is data on fisheries subsidies which we publish with a relatively high level of detail on the objective pursued with the payments the types of payments and how these payments are delivered and this is the data set for which our geographical coverage is the greatest as we have 40 countries included those countries together accounting for about 90% of global landings second we also publish data on the management tools which are used to control how fishing can take place when and where in which quantity for stocks of commercial importance so this is really good information about fisheries management and we currently cover 30 countries and then we also publish data on stock status and our data is a bit different from the FAO data in that it focuses on the assessed stocks so we do not try to estimate the health of stocks that are not assessed but our data is publicly accessible at the stock level and we try to compute national level indicators with it so we look at the health of stock but also at weather stocks are abundant enough to maximize landings value or catch volume for example so we also look at weather stocks our meeting management objectives so this is what we do in terms of data and transparency the second key objective of the OECD Fisheries Committee is to use this information to understand policy impact and try to see how policies can be improved for better impact so for example as I was saying we have for a number of years looked into the relative impact of different types of subsidies for example to understand how investment in income support may differ from investment in support to fuel or vessel construction and we are currently in the process of trying to summarize the results of this work in a clear impact matrix that would help easily identify the types of policies that can present risks of encouraging unsustainable fishing when there isn't effective management in place and we also are looking more broadly at how good fisheries management can help maintain the health of fish stock and mitigate any potential damaging effects of subsidies finally a building on this data and analysis the OECD Fisheries Committees aims to offer a privileged space for policy dialogue our committee meets twice a year in Paris and it offers an open space for multilateral discussion in a context that is quite unique as we really enter into negotiations or discussion of legal instruments and technical norms so this is more of a policy oriented discussion which sometimes fosters interesting discussion so all of this work comes out in three types of products which are shown on the next slide so datasets as I just mentioned then our flagship reports which we call OECD review of fisheries where all our analysis is brought together and policy recommendations are summarized in light of most recent data and finally to inform this broad work we also produce policy monographs and targeted reports I would say our latest such reports for example looked into how countries can eliminate government support to illegal unreported and unregulated fishing which is also an issue that I know has been discussed quite a bit in Geneva lately so all this information can be accessed on the OECD website and you can see that on the next slide so we have the OECD that stats portal for data and on the high library of the OECD you can find all our reports and the next edition of the review of fisheries will be issued in December and at the same time all our data sets will be updated with 2019 and 2020 data so I would recommend looking out for the OECD website towards the end of the year to have a look at this information Next slide please I do hope the upcoming review of fisheries will be of particular interest to Geneva audience as it largely focuses on examining the impact of government support on the health of fish stocks and how it can be reformed to minimize detrimental impact it does so by paying particular attention to how fisheries management and subsidies subsidizing come together and how one can influence the impact of the other and the review will also look into the health and productivity of fish stocks as I said in individual countries and examine fisheries management at the stock level and this again could prove particularly interesting from a WTO perspective in light of the disciplines that were agreed in June in particular the prohibition of subsidies to the fishing of other fish stocks and the call for due restraint in subsidizing stocks for which there is no information on stock spaces without revealing any secret I can say that one key take away message from the review will be that governments can support increases in fisheries productivity, production and trade while at the same time improving fisheries livelihoods and minimizing adverse environmental impact by adopting better support policies better targeting their support policies and increasing transparency on fisheries performance and how they are managed and so I see a lot of scope for continued cooperation between DOECD FIO and WTO in the field of fisheries and I do look forward opportunities to have conversations like today's maybe with more detail on our part when the review results with this I think I'll leave you with our content details and I would be more than happy to follow up with those interested in our work in the future thank you very much thank you so much indeed, Ms Delperche for such a brief yet very clear presentation on what you do and what you can offer to this group working for the in support of fisheries and I think of course the opportunities for partnership between FAO OECD and WTO in support of the members so thank you again for that and I would say today we are very happy to have also Ambassador Peter Ulberg with us Ambassador Ulberg is the permanent representative of Norway to WTO and he will share with us Norway's perspective on national trans accessories and challenges in terms of trade in relation to the fisheries and aquaculture sector excellent you have the floor thank you so much thank you Dominic, thank you also to Marcia for this comprehensive report and thank you also to Claire for the OECD perspective this SOFIA report is extremely useful for us and it's actually it's a point of reference right objective, reliable and up to date info that's input and support for policymakers and us negotiators here at the WTO now the report these days looking at the world with the war and discussions on food insecurity I'm happy to note that it's not all negative I took note into area of the following facts that global production of fish is at an all time high agricultural production has increased by 250% in the last 25 years that is good news, good news for food security and sustainability and thus important and on the trade side it's important to note also that this trade reduces the importance of geography it gives many countries access to a larger variety of seafood so seafood trade is increasing rapidly in all regions and all continents and thus also consumption now that's good now turning to the WTO and the trade and sustainability discussion the frame of course is this week's trade and environment session how can trade contribute is the question we ask us today it used to be how can trade not be in conflict with the environment so I think there's a change here a change to the better and I think also it's fair to say we've heard a part of this already that the WTO has taken an active role in reducing harmful subsidies in light of the MC-12 on the fisheries subsidies agreement thus there being a direct causal link between subsidies and the amount the cash so I think it's a success the WTO has had its first environmental agreement it's a contribution to SDG 14.6 and it has especially on IUU catch and overfished stocks but the work is not done there's more to be done there's a mandate to continue we have to focus on overcapacity and overfishing and also of course the developing countries before MC-13 so the WTO needs to do more last week we had a retreat outside Geneva all the negotiators on an ambassadorial level I think it was a successful retreat and one important point to this audience here today is that the call for updated info more data was strong from all developing countries and developed countries from everyone in life for kind of an assessment of the updated assessment of the state of the oceans we have a good info on catches and trade what is lacking or it's kind of good info on subsidies I just heard what Claire said from the OECD but still there's a big appetite for more info on subsidies and the number of the amount of subsidies going on turning to Norway what's our story as you saw from one of the slides number two when it comes to export after China it's mainly farm salmon but also cod in the ocean it's from the world's largest cod fish stock in the Barents Sea so you might term it the success and you ask how did we achieve this and the answer is very simple regulation, regulation, regulation regulation strict and forced ecosystems based on fisheries management based on scientific advice lead to fish stocks not being overfished but are stable and all growing the same goes for agriculture so it shows it is possible to do this to manage and harvest in a sustainable manner and I might add here in the political level that this stock in the Barents Sea is actually something we call managed with no other country than Russia and this is of course we can imagine these days particular challenge but my government is still putting emphasis on it so that even in spite of the war this management continues and they are able to land fish certain places in Norway so that this is not lost what we have gained up there there are three challenges on the trade side regulation is number one regulation is clearly needed to ensure sustainability but it is also a factor complicating trade with other countries so food safety and quality increasingly are increasingly important for market access and it is fully understandable that we have measures so that for example illegally caught fish does not have markets but there is also a balance not to constitute unnecessary barriers to trade and the keyword being unnecessary second challenge is the trade in aquatic food is dynamic and complex we have heard some about this and we see I think a shift in measures traditional tariff measures are down but non-tariff barriers are up in addition to that we see also that free trade agreements and as we heard new preferential trade agreements are becoming more important that could be a challenge to some countries perhaps not least the developing countries and third challenge I see is of course climate change climate change will affect fish and their habitats and thus the fish stocks and it will then implicitly have social and economic impact on people dependent on fish for their livelihood so to sum up our goal from Norway is we want to see a science-based holistic approach to aquatic food systems the slogan could be from healthy waters to healthy people to achieve a sustainable production and food security and livelihoods it precisely in line with the FAO vision of a good transformation thank you exactly Mr. Ambassador you basically said what I was going to say when you say science-based holistic approach this is exactly what we are trying to promote and what we are keen to do in support of the members moving forward as you are now entering the second wave of negotiation which started with the discussion last week in Evian on a positive tone we are there to support that process thank you very much also for outlining the number of the challenges that we are facing and the challenges that I would say very much inherent to the sector so thank you again our last panelist today is Dr. Ditya Nurdianto Dr. Nurdianto is minister of councillor at the permanent mission of Indonesia to the WTO and today he will provide us Indonesia's perspective on national trends, success stories and challenges related to the fisheries and aquaculture sector Dr. Nurdianto very pleased to have you and you have the floor thank you very much Dominique good afternoon and good evening and perhaps good morning to all wherever you may be thank you very much to the FAO for inviting me to this year's Geneva Fisheries Trip Talks it's certainly an honor to be one of the panelists this afternoon with such distinguished speakers the presentation earlier by Marcio was indeed on Sofia was indeed very informative and specifically on the current fishing trends as well as data multiplicity and writers hit positively as a data abundance I have also taken note of the key points presented by Mr. Push and also the ambassador so the talk today as mentioned by previous speakers quite timely and very much relevant here in Geneva following the adoption of the WTO agreement on fisheries subsidiary this year in the case of Indonesia we are the largest aquapology state more than 7500 islands with the second largest with the second longest coastline in the world at 108,000 kilometers where more two quarters of our territory are at sea this makes oceans center to our lives and of course our livelihood and according to the World Bank study in 2021 the and Indonesia has a second largest fisheries sector and works around 27 billion US dollar providing 7 million jobs and over 50% of the country's animal based protein needs this is in line with the findings that was reported earlier by Marcio as well understandably with a fleet that comprises of over 600,000 vessels in which small vessels account for more than 90% of our fleet and half of the total catch managing our oceans is quite a challenge and against this backdrop on 9 May 2019 our government has launched a vision in Indonesia 2045 at our hundred year of independence in 2045 we aim to become the fourth or fifth largest economy in the world with anti-positive GDP of 9.1 trillion US dollar through the economic growth of approximately 5 to 6% annually and we have a projected population of 309 million in 2045 compared to 270 million today as such we hope to reach an income capital of 29,000 US dollar in 2045 against 4292 US dollar in 2021 now in order to switch these goals at the ninth annual world ocean summit in March 2022 we have launched the Indonesia vision 2045 called the blue economy for Indonesian fisheries the vision 2045 aims to restore our ocean health and also accelerate the sustainable ocean economy Indonesia blue economy main pillars are ecological, economic and social factors by providing a credible basis for safeguarding the long-term health and resilience attractive investment of course and creating jobs to the benefits of our coastal communities and this is a program that is spearheaded by our Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and we will introduce three intervention programs namely first sustainable fisheries policy through quota-based approach second aquaculture development for export leading commodities and third community-based aquaculture farm as such the implementation of blue economy in Indonesia we have achieved the UN sustainable development goals not only goal 14 life under low water but also all of the 17 SDGs goals now having said that we also realize of course they will not live in isolation in accordance with our 1945 constitution we have also played an active role internationally at the bilateral, regional and international level we currently have a number of bilateral agreements in the form of MOUs joint communique and letter of intent with 23 countries to combat IU fishing and ensure sustainable fisheries as an example we have signed a joint statement of cooperation to combat IU fishing, fishing crimes and fisheries related crimes to sustainable fisheries governments with Norway in 2015 also we have signed a similar level of intent with Norway to cooperate on marine and fisheries in October 2018 the focus of our bilateral cooperation in this regard is combating IU fishing and transnational organized crime in the global fishing industry at the regional level Indonesia is part of among others the ASEAN network for combating IU fishing the ASEAN regional forum as well as APEC Indonesia is also active in the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, CFTECH which is another region initiative to combat IU fishing we are cognizant that we are located in between two continents and also to oceans as such we are also a member of three RFM OLS the IOTC, the CC SBT and also the WCP FC we are also a cooperating non-member of the IATTC at the multilateral level Indonesia is a party to the agreement on port state measures to prevent illegal unreported and regulated fishing the PSMA and we also ratified the work in fishing convention or the C-188 of the ILO moreover we have also ratified the international convention on standards of training, certification and water keeping for fishing vessel personnel in the IMO while we are also in the process of ratifying the Cape Town Agreement to enhance fishing safety last but certainly not least Indonesia is actively engaged in the negotiation and the agreement on fisheries subsidies at the WTO which has been heralded as a milestone for ocean sustainability in cockpit as it may be the agreement includes provision to limit harmful subsidies for fishing over fish stock subsidies for IU fishing on the unregulated high seas much can be said by this agreement but in the interest of time I will be more than happy to discuss this during the Q&A section including what to expect in the second stage of the negotiation now before I close let me state that yes the challenges are many and quite substantial we have lots of homework domestically in terms of implementation as well as rulesmaking nevertheless we also see many opportunities for international cooperation particularly with and among the various international organizations above all the FAO can certainly play a significant role with the harmonization and sharing of data on IU fishing determinations as well as learn its expertise on artisanal and small scale fishing activities these are two of our main priority areas in the upcoming negotiation with the comprehensive agreement on fisheries subsidies unless we are sure that Indonesia has both the will and the commitment in ensuring sustainable fisheries and we are ready to continue our engagement with all stakeholders thank you very much thank you so much Dr. Nordinato for presenting the situation from indeed the Indonesian perspective and of course I was really impressed by the scale of the sector in your country and therefore explaining your interest in this very important discussion thank you very much Dr. Nordinato I would like again to invite participants to pose questions they may have in the Q&A module time is very short but we have received a question for you Marcio which relates essentially to the the instruments you refer to there are quite a number of FAO instruments you refer to could you please tell us which of them are mandatory and the other ones that are voluntary and could you please briefly elaborate a little on I would say their main characteristics when it comes to trade in a few words thanks Dominique then there is also a question I see in the chat that one in detail okay thank you and yeah I'll say that the only mandatory instruments that we had the mandatory instrument that we have is the Port State Measure Agreement that deals with IEU phishing that's the only mandatory one that we have however it's quite important to recognize that although the other instruments that I have mentioned are voluntary the principles that they have they contain in those instruments they are already adopted by the majority of countries and I also remember that during the negotiation process in WTO for the fisheries subsidies agreement we have the principles used in the code of conduct for responsible fisheries they have been exhausted debated in the negotiation process and many of them are indeed included in the final facts of the agreement so at the end we have to think that although there is only one mandatory instrument the others instruments although voluntary they have been approved by FAO members in Plenary 2 so they all although they are voluntary instruments they have been agreed by consensus by FAO members and they can indeed inform countries in implementing national policies and also inform WTO in the continuation of the negotiations of the missing troopers of the capacity and overfishing thanks Domingue ok thank you Marcio then in the chat we have another question which you may see it's from Mr Peter Ludenbork who is asking whether what is the current status of the FAO global record of fishing vessel and what extent do the international maritime organization licensing conditions with IM chess set limits on global data access in the term fishing vessel data if you have some info on that I will say that the global record of fishing vessel in FAO of course that's something that we have developed in close cooperation with IMO it has been already started that and in terms of the licensing conditions in IMO and across link with the FAO global record I'm not aware of this situation in particular but I'm not aware of this situation in particular I can check I'm going to put my email in the chat box so people can refer to me for any more specific information however I just would like to highlight that it took a while for us to fine tune the global record of fishing vessel it has something that has been implemented and the cooperation with IMO is critical in terms of the effective implementation of it okay thank you I don't know if the other panellists want to add something to that yeah maybe just maybe just sorry sorry sorry yeah Mr. Peuge and then I'll come back to you Marcio sorry about that I was just going to add something in relation with this question on information about vessels to flag that in our work one thing we've noticed is an area of information where data is really lacking is on the beneficial ownership of vessels so who ultimately owns the vessel and this is information that is very critical in the fight against IEU fishing so I think if there is going to be some investment in improving the information about vessels it should be directed to increasing information about beneficial ownership and this is something that is of course difficult to do because finding this information can be challenging but if this information exists what I understand as well is that the information that will be included in the FAO global record will actually come from national authorities so if a country improves information on beneficial ownership well it could flow into the FAO global record so it's not like it's going to appear magically in the record but it's a placeholder where it could come once the information basis becomes better which is actually something really important in the fight against IEU fishing. Thank you very much for this further clarification. Marcio do you want to add something? Maybe something just very quick just something that I forgot to add in my last slide and just to reiterate that of course FAO has a complete set of capacity building and technical assistance mechanisms in order to support countries in terms of the implementation of FAO instruments in terms of compliance with FAO instruments etc and that can be critical particularly in the phase that we just hear the other speaking mention about the implementation of the fisheries subsidies agreement so there is a mutual interconnectivity between what FAO can offer in terms of capacity building and technical assistance particularly on the three fish pillars of the current agreement I mean over fish stocks areas beyond national jurisdiction without any governing body overseeing it and IEU fishing so those are indeed three pillars that we do have the technical capacity and we do have programs that can support countries in this regard. Thank you very much Marcio I don't see any other question I would say it's a nice transition to basically the conclusion I mean telling you that we have indeed a lot to offer FAO or OECD other partners have a lot to offer in support of the member as they not only do implement the agreement but they continue their negotiation and this is why I think we are so keen not to launch this thematic dialogue series on fisheries so there will be more we will continue on that and I would like really to express my sincere gratitude to all the distinguished speakers today of course for the great presentation I would like to also thank our colleagues in the fisheries and in my office here in Geneva last but not least our gratitude goes to you the participants for taking time for joining this session of the FAO in Geneva trade talks and of course as I said we continue to organize these dialogues on the topic of fisheries in the context of this close partnership with the fisheries and aquaculture division but bringing the other key players on board like OECD ISD and others and we'll be announcing the themes and dates for the upcoming series in the very near future in the meanwhile again thank you so much for joining thank you for your great intervention and looking forward to work with you on this very important topic in the weeks and months to come thank you bye bye