 Hey everyone, Adam Schar here from Bavaro Media Company. Today we've got some more maps for you. We're going to be showing and displaying vintage maps of Irish settlement, immigration to the United States. It's going to be kind of a census maps, a lot of census maps. We're going to be giving a lot of information on that. We're going to be talking about Irish immigration history and we're doing this all because we have St. Patrick's Day coming up and this is kind of our contribution to the history of Irish immigration and Irish culture and we just kind of want to do some sides of genealogy and history. So if you haven't already subscribed to our channel, please subscribe to our channel. We do videos on vintage maps throughout the entire world, on Irish history, different cultures. If you like history and maps, you've got to subscribe to us. We upload videos all the time. That being said, let's go into the history of Irish immigration in the United States and then we're going to kind of zoom in and explore this old map. This is a map from 1880 and it's going to show you the, I guess, Irish hubs throughout the United States. We also have another map that's kind of a cookie cutter to this one, different style. So getting started with the brief history of Irish immigration. Starting around the 17th century, colonial settlers coming from the Ultzor province. I hope I pronounced that right, of Ireland, Ultzor. They were kind of a mixed bag of immigrants and this term comes up a lot, Scotch-Irish, and it's in reference to settlers coming from Ireland. This province, the Ultzor province, essentially was a mixed bag because you had British tenant farmers, you had Scotland, Scottish tenant farmers, and you had Irish people native to Ireland all farming in this province and Britain really forced the kind of blending in this province. So that's where this term comes Scotch-Irish that's often used in the US. It's this blending, this blending of coming from this province and these were the first settlers coming into the Americas. So we're going to get back into that further. In my notes, I talk about Scotch-Irish, the kind of the beginnings of it. Moving on though, 250 of these mixed immigrants migrated to the US or the Americas in the 1700s. 20,000 of these, 250,000 had an affiliation with the Catholic Church, so that's a pretty small percentage. The other flip side obviously would be the Protestant Scotch-Irish, I guess you could refer to that. Catholics later grew to about 40,000, which was about 1.6% of the 2.5 million population in America in 1775. So a very, very small percentage of people were Catholic a year before the American Revolution. The Irish immigrants of this colonial era participated in large numbers during the American Revolution. So I mean that small percentage, which was 40,000 people, they almost 40,000 people participated in the American Revolution. This is fascinating. It actually is backed by historical reference because they actually have evidence that a British general testified in the House of Commons and he essentially said, quote, unquote, half the rebel continental army were from Ireland. He was essentially saying half the rebels were Irish and from Ireland, which is ironic because it's coming from one of their own territories. Ireland was essentially controlled by Britain and half of their claimed land is going to war against them. So that's pretty fascinating to me. Moving to the ulcer province and the immigrants, we talked about the Scotch-Irish. It was really until the great potato famine of the 1840s that some of the Protestant Irish began to refer themselves as Scotch-Irish. We're getting back to the Scotch-Irish. That section, as we said, there was a blending between the three groups, English, Scottish, and Irish. In the 1840s, they wanted to differentiate themselves from the Catholics and this is where the Scotch-Irish term came really in flux because they wanted to differentiate themselves. That's interesting, I think, as well. Two factors largely led to the overwhelming growth of Irish immigration in America. The 1820s saw a vast, I mean, major, major outcry and demand for labor in canal building, lumbering, and civil construction in the northeastern United States. We'll go into this map and we'll show you exactly what's going on. 20 years later, about the 1840s, as we said before, we talked about the great potato famine, it really catapulted the growth of Irish populations in the United States because not only was there opportunity and work, but families, people wanted to feed their families, lack of food, so I mean, that was just 10X, the immigration surge, and also other cultures and ethnic backgrounds were coming to the United States, so it made it very inviting. That 40-year span between, or 20-year span, 1820s to 1840s, I mean, it was just an Irish influx right then. A lot of the Irish, a lot of the cities grew, I guess, in city areas, in urban areas because they wanted to, it's kind of interesting, they wanted to create communities in these cities, they already had kind of established communities in New York, Boston, all these ported towns and it's often because they, I guess, it was kind of like a support system for these new immigrants coming there for protection because they're going to a new, I mean, they're going across an ocean to a whole new land, so it'd be nice to see, you know, if you were an immigrant, you're going across somewhere you've never been before, you'd want to know where you're going, you'd want to have people with your same ethnicity and feel more comfortable and protected in that kind of environment with that community. Another reason, that's just one of the reasons, another reason was, and this is definitely another factor, these immigrants literally had no money, they got to these ports and they couldn't go further inland because they had no money, so they kind of just said, you know what, I got to work, I got to get here and just settle and notice the grindstone and it makes some money and then maybe later on we can develop more inland in the United States, in America and we see evidence in this map, I mean, today we know Chicago has a large, pretty significant Irish population, but on this map in 1880, about 40 years after the Great Potanio Famine, we don't see a lot of development in Chicago, we'll go further into that, but just to label all the cities that had large Irish populations, obviously Boston, Philadelphia, New York, big one, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Chicago, St. Louis, St. Paul, and then later on San Francisco and LA. So I just want to put that out there, very, very, very interesting facts background into the Irish immigration to the U.S. Let's dive into this map, let's point out some aspects we talked about, this map is from 1880 and if we zoom in, obviously, let me zoom out, we can see the concentration, the darker portions of the key are displaying, here's the key, this is 10% of the population and over are of Irish descent and the scaling downs are obviously a lot less, 6 to 10, 3 to 6, 1 to 5, so we get kind of an idea that over 10% of the population is Irish at the time, so I mean, if we look at the map, we zoom back, I mean, look at Boston, look at Massachusetts, I mean, just overwhelmingly Irish presence and we go along to New York, it's this New England hub right here, I mean, just major, major, and if you think about it, we talked about earlier, a lot of the labor demands were because of construction, civil construction, lumber, how was the other thing, canal building, so I mean, if you really look at this, lumber was really big in the New England area, especially in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, this kind of, a lot of work being done, certainly, United States was going through, well, not really industrialization, that's kind of the beginning of industrialization, but certainly it was growing significantly around the time and cities were being essentially growing vertically and I mean, obviously the major cities, Boston, New York, I mean, those were the predominant big ones on the Eastern United States, so we talked about Chicago, right? Look at Chicago, I mean, today we know that Chicago has, I mean, an outstanding St. Patrick's Day celebration, but I mean, in 1880, I would say underdeveloped compared to Massachusetts and the East Coast, so I'm sure that growth really happened a lot later, I mean, if you look in the western portion, in Montana, this is a little bit confusing seeing the splatchiness of Irish, I mean, let's look at our ratio of Irish, it gives us by state, Rhode Island, obviously a New England state, I mean, just through the roof in Irish population, this is per capita, I believe, yeah, oh, this shows us the numbers of population, so 35,000, Massachusetts, 226, look at New York, I mean, I mean, yeah, 500,000, pretty damn significant, showing us this is based on percentage, these lines, so these are all New England states, Nevada, look at Nevada having a, that's quite interesting, I did not know about Nevada having a, I guess per capita percentage of 8.3% in 1880, that's pretty significant, that's pretty significant, I thought that was interesting, huh, here's New Hampshire in the top 20, Vermont top 20, so it's a lot of New England states, really they were coming in boatloads, I mean, this was the entry point, you had Ellis Island in New York and then you had Boston, so it really stemmed from there, you look at North Carolina, Florida, some of the lowest percentage states, so let's look at Illinois, Illinois significant on there, I mean, it's in the top 20, but it's significant today, to say the least, so very cool map that we have in our possession, let's go, we have another map, it's gonna just kind of show us the same thing, it's illustrated in green and this is really not showing the whole United States, it's showing the eastern seaboard really and parts of Chicago, this is a 1872 illustration of Irish populations and the over 15% is in the dark green, 6 to 15, 3 to 6, I mean, look at the Boston area, significant, and we've got that road, remember we talked about Rhode Island, that's significant too, Connecticut, we could see New Jersey's, got New York, this area, right around probably Jersey City area, part of Long Island, lots of Irish population, you know, in another aspect, we talked about the American Revolution, I just want to throw this out there, a lot of the battles fought during the American Revolution, right in obviously the New England, I mean, I wouldn't say all of them, but a lot of influence during the American Revolution happened in the uprising in New England, so the conception that a significant population of the Continental Army rebelling against the English was Irish, I mean, makes a lot of sense, it makes a lot of sense that they helped fuel the war, so this is just more evidence right there, so I mean, look, if we go over to Chicago, where Chicago is, I mean, it's somewhat light, you know, and even like St. Louis, look at St. Louis, St. Louis celebrates today, St. Patrick's Day, very, very buoyantly, and we can see a cohort, a population burst right there, so definitely, I love these maps, we really get a feel for history and information pertaining to Irish immigration, and I just wanted to leave it at that, I hope you've enjoyed this video and I hope you've learned something from it, and please stay tuned, subscribe to our channel, we're going to be doing videos like these all the time, we're going to be talking about history, we're going to be celebrating holidays, on St. Patrick's Day I will do a video drinking, I might try to get some green color dye, I'll drink some green beer with you, maybe we can talk about our favorite beers on St. Patrick's Day, leave some comments, we have a very fun channel here, we're not only about history, we also like to have some fun, so definitely subscribe to our YouTube channel, leave a comment below, share this video, St. Patrick's Day is coming up, we're going to be doing more St. Patty's Day videos, and I will talk to everyone soon, have a great day, take care, bye now.